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Claremont Terminal is a marine terminal in the Port of New York and New Jersey located on the Upper New York Bay in Jersey City, New Jersey, USA. It lies east of the Greenville Section on the waterfront between Port Jersey and Port Liberte. Developed through land reclamation in the early 20th century by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, in the 21st century it is largely used for transhipment of scrap metals with use of barges and connections to the National Docks Secondary rail line.

Claremont

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The Claremont section (center) was laid out as early as 1860 and roughly corresponds with today's Jackson Hill. Claremont Terminal was created on tidal flats south (left) of Caven Point, which jutted into the bay.

The name Claremont appears in mid-19th century maps of Greenville Township, neighbouring Bergen City, and Jersey City, which were consolidated by 1872.[1] The area was laid out on Bergen Hill west of Bergen Point Plank Road, now Garfield Avenue. Today's Claremont Avenue created the border of what has become known as the Greenville and Bergen-Lafayette sections of the city. The Central Railroad of New Jersey maintained a station by the name south of the junction of its main and Newark branch line[2][3] until service was discontinued in 1967.[4][5] Claremont Bank, which later become part of the Trust Company of New Jersey, began in the area.[6] The Claremont Branch Library opened in 1954, and was re-named the Cunningham Branch in 2004.[7]

Lehigh Valley Railroad

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1919 map of Jersey City waterfront before terminal construction

The Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway was a Lehigh Valley Railroad (LVRR) company organized in 1891, which acquired the National Docks Railway around the turn of the 20th century adding to extensive holdings at the Morris Canal and at Black Tom. The terminal site was developed in the early 1900s through land reclamation on tidal flats.[8]The Lehigh Valley Harbor Terminal Railway was incorporated in New Jersey on March 10, 1916 to develop an extensive terminal development with piers on approximately 400 acres (about 277 of it submerged) of waterfront and underwater property in Jersey City.[9][10] The terminal was created (LVRR) in the 1920s on tidal marsh. The LVRR collaborated with the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) to built the Upper Bay Bridge to connect the facility and other holdings to its classification yard at Oak Island Yard across the Newark Bay to the west.[11][12]

January 1923[13]

Claremont Terminal's considerable dockside trackage was used for transhipment from ore-laden freighters from South America to deliver raw ore, notably magnese and chrome from the Black Sea.[14] for use in the steel mills of Bethlehem Steel in the Lehigh Valley in Pennsylvania.

These operations continued through the World War II, Clarmont Terminal used as part of the war effort in conjuction with Fort Kilmer, the Caven Point Army Depot, and the Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne.[15]

Post-war era

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After the war control Claremont Terminal was turned over to Jersey City and was repurposed for the loading of US Army troopships and transports and was used for Marshall Plan shipments to Europe. In conjunction with the Caven Point Army Terminal it provided much of the material used by US forces in the early years of the Korean War. This lead to conflicts, often violent, between politicians and union dockworkers over control of the lucrative US Army contracts. Amidst claims of labor racketeering and organized crime, political boss theMayor of Jersey City, John V. Kenny, tried to assert control over the terminal, which to labor unrest.[16] In the end, the unions broke but by that time the US Army had redirected its interests elsewhere, leaving Jersey City owners of a vacant and increasingly dilapidated terminal.[17][18]






http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19530126&id=559aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KE8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5495,5323886. Retrieved 2014-09-02. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help) http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal53-1369261



http://dspace.wrlc.org/doc/get/2041/24154/b11f11-0126zdisplay.pdf. Retrieved 2014-09-02. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)


.





http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19530126&id=Q_ITAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q4oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4064,2408567. Retrieved 2014-09-02. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)


Cost-plus contract


legislative and congressional hearings http://www.leagle.com/decision/1960718181FSupp537_1605. Retrieved 2014-09-02. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)


payroll padding

Manchel, Frank (1990), Film Study: An Analytical Bibliography, ISBN 9780838634127


The Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor was set up in August 1953 (a year before the movie On the Waterfront) to combat labor racketeering.

http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2013/11/waterfront_commission_disputes_hiring_suit.html#incart_river_default. Retrieved 2014-09-02. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

It is held that the Gambino crime family controlled the New York waterfront and the Genovese crime family controlled the New Jersey side.[19]


A Port Auhtority of New York and New Jersey survey from 1956 indicates that Claremont Terminal was use for as a ore transhipment facility.

Penn Central, Conrail and CSX

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After financial troubles Lehigh Valley Railroad[20] and by 1962 Pennsylvania Railroad had a controlling interest[21] Penn Central was created by the 1968 merger of the Pennsylvania and New York Central (The New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad was added in 1969). It operated from 1968 until 1976. By 1970 it had filed for bankruptcy. A 1971 report from the jersey City Plannning Board states: "The major function of the Claremont Terminal is railroad interchange traffic with the Central Railroad of New Jersey in addition, there is some bulk steel storage for lower Manhattan construction. There are no longer lighterage at Claremont, or elsewhere in Jersey City, and Claremont is not equipped with car float bridges."[22] Claremont Terminal was a rented with the land divided in various leases. On March 31, 1976, the property was conveyed to ConRail, as required by the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973.[23] [24] Remaining vacant for several years, Claremont Terminal eventually came under the ownership of CSX after the split-up of Conrail in 1987. In what it termed reinvestment in infrastructure, CSX removed most of the rail lines and pier space, intending to use the facility for bulk cargoes such as aggregates, stone or scrap.[20]

Scrap metal and recyclables

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Finnegan, William (June 19, 2006). "Watching the Waterfron". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2016-09-01.

http://www.nj.com/business/index.ssf/2013/04/behold_the_mega_shredder_jerse.html. Retrieved 2014-09-07. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help) 



 http://www.nj.com/business/index.ssf/2013/04/behold_the_mega_shredder_jerse.html. Retrieved 2014-09-07. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

http://www.simsmm.com/Local-Solutions/North-America/New-Jersey/Claremont-Terminal-NJ

http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2013/08/large_scrap_metal_pile_creates_large_blaze_at_jersey_city_recycling_plant.html. Retrieved 2014-09-07. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)


Looking north to Claremont Terminal in July 2010, where a new Willis Avenue Bridge received finishing touches before replacing the older East River crossing.[25]

{{cite news}}: Empty citation (help) http://pdc-connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/4570962/scrapping-old-ways-looking-new-ones

Today, the Claremont Terminal is used almost exclusively as a steel and ferrous metals scrap export facility.

It is largely used by Sims Metal Management for recycling.[26] and

{{cite news}}: Empty citation (help)

http://www.cleanearthinc.com/Locations/Jersey-City-NJ {{cite news}}: Empty citation (help) http://www.cleanearthinc.com/claremont-channel-deepening-project . City of Jersey City http://www.cityofjerseycity.com/uploadedFiles/Public_Notices/RFP/ZoningMap28Jan09.pdf. Retrieved 2014-09-03. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)


The New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/20/nyregion/old-and-new-collide-on-the-waterfront.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar. Retrieved 2014-09-03. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)


Claremont terminal was one location where steel from the World Trade Center was collected and analysed.

Banovic, Stephen W. (September 2005). Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster Steel Inventory and Identification (NIST NCSTAR 1-3B) (PDF) (Report). National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2014-09-03.


Miller, John (November 4, 2012). "For Scrap Yards, Sandy Has Upside". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2014-09-03.

Fire

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In August 2013, the terminal was sitre a massive fire which sent smoke billowing across the harbour.[27][28] after piles of crap metal were ignited.

http://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2013/08/20/jersey-city-firefighters-battle-recycling-plant-fire/

Claremont Terminal Channel

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Upper New York Bay in 1994 aerial view showing at left MOTBY, Port Jersey, Greenville Yard, Claremont Termnal, and Caven Point

Claremont Terminal Channel is 1.3 miles (2.1 km), or |6,900 ft (2,100 m), long and connects to the Anchorage Channel, which becomes the Ambrose Channel at The Narrows.[29]


http://www.topozone.com/map.asp?lon=-74.0637523&lat=40.677603&datum=nad83

According to a design by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, between 2000 and 2003 approximately 750,000 cubic yards (cy) of sediment were dredged to provide a navigational depth of 30 feet below mean low water. Chemical analysis of the Claremont Channel sediment indicated that the dredged material was unsuitable for ocean disposal.[30] and thus was treated on site.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Greenville". Jersey City A to Z. New Jersey City University. Retrieved 2014-09-03.
  2. ^ "Central Railroad of New Jersey". www.stationreporter.net. Retrieved 2014-09-03.
  3. ^ "COSTLY FREIGHT COLLISION; One Train Dashes Into Another at Claremont, N.J., in Spite of Signals". The New York Times. October 1897. Retrieved 2014-09-02.
  4. ^ Adams, Arthur G. (1996), The Hudson Through the Years, Fordham University Press, ISBN 0823216772
  5. ^ Adams, Arthur G. (1996), The Hudson River Guidebook, Fordham University Press, ISBN 0823216799
  6. ^ Gabrielan, Randall (1999), Jersey City in Vintage Postcards, Arcadia Publishing, ISBN 9780752413648
  7. ^ "Glenn D. Cunningham Branch". Jersey City Free Public Library. Retrieved 2014-09-03.
  8. ^ https://casetext.com/case/mayor-and-aldermen-v-new-york-bay-r-co#.VAoO9cZsq8U
  9. ^ http://www.stocklobster.com/levahateraco.html
  10. ^ "HISTORIC FILL OF THE JERSEY CITY QUADRANGLE HISTORIC FILL MAP HFM-53" (PDF). New State Department of Environmental Protection. 2004. Retrieved 2014-08-31.
  11. ^ Treese, Lorett (2006), Railroads of New Jersey: Fragments of the Past in the Garden State Landscape, Stackpole Books, ISBN 9780811732604
  12. ^ Heiss, Ralph (August 24, 2009). The Lehigh Valley Railroad Across New Jersey. Arcadia Publishing. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-7385-6576-7.
  13. ^ http://www.prrths.com/Hagley/PRR1923%2012-09.pdf
  14. ^ Glinsky, Albert (2000). Theremin: Ether Music and Espionage. ISBN 9780252025822.
  15. ^ "One Hundred Years of The Lehigh Valley". Luzerne County. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
  16. ^ "The History of the Claremont Terminal and the Jersey City Waterfront since May, 1949:The sordid story of Mayor John V. Kenny and the Jersey City waterfront", HudsonCountyFacts, 2010, retrieved 2014-09-02
  17. ^ "Army to Quit Big Claremont Pier; Labor Strife Is Linked to Action; $20,000,000 Jersey City Terminal Will Be Vacated Oct. 31 and Work Shifted to Other Ports -- 900 to Lose Jobs". The New York Times. September 13, 1952. Retrieved 2016-09-02.
  18. ^ Fisher, James T. (2011), On the Irish Waterfront: The Crusader, the Movie, and the Soul of the Port of New York, Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0801457340
  19. ^ The New Yorker. June 19, 2006 http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060619fa_fact_fin. Retrieved 2014-09-02. {{cite magazine}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference waterfront was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Pennsylvania Railroad Technical and Historical Society (JUine2004). "PRR Chronology 1938" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-08-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Comprehensive Waterfront Plan (Report). Division of Planning City of Jersey City. November 1971. Retrieved 2014-09-05.
  23. ^ In the Matter of LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD COMPANY, Debtor., BKY 70-432 440 US, 440 F.Supp. 602 (1977) (United States District Court, E. D. Pennsylvania. November 17, 1977.).
  24. ^ In the Matter of LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD COMPANY, Debtor. Appeal of CITIBANK, N. A. (formerly known as First National City Bank), as Indenture Trustee of the Lehigh Valley Harbor Terminal Railway Company Mortgage Indenture, dated February 1, 1924, as supplemented., 558 F.2d U.S. 137 (1977).
  25. ^ "New Willis Avenue Bridge arrives at Jersey City marine facility for finishing touches - signs will be installed - before being installed in Bronx next month". NJ.com. 2010-07-15. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
  26. ^ "Claremont Recycling Center in Jersey City, New Jersey". SIMS. Retrieved 2014-08-31.
  27. ^ Shine, Joe (August 20, 2013). "Large scrap metal pile creates large blaze at Jersey City recycling plant". The Jersey Journal. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
  28. ^ Stuart, Tessa (August 20, 2013). "Scrap Metal Fire Rages Through The Night at Sims Metal Management in Jersey City". The Village Voice. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
  29. ^ McCollum, Randy A., Claremont Terminal Channel, New York Harbor (PDF), Army Corps of Engineers {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ PROPAT® as Dredged Material Stabilizing Agent Claremont Channel Deepening Project Prepared for Hugo Neu Schnitzer East (PDF) (Report). New Jersey Department of Transportation. June 22, 2005. Retrieved 2014-08-2014. {{cite report}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

40.677603, -74.0637523

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