User:Dishabhavsar/sandbox
I am editing the existing article Mutation. I am adding to the special class conditional mutation.
Mutation
[edit]Special classes[edit | edit source]
[edit]- Conditional mutation is a mutation that has a wild-type (or less severe) phenotype under certain "permissive" environmental conditions and a mutant phenotype under certain "restrictive" conditions. For example, a temperature-sensitive mutation can cause cell death at high temperature (restrictive condition), but might have no deleterious consequences at a lower temperature (permissive condition). These mutations are non-autonomous, as their manifestation depends upon presence of certain conditions, as opposed to other mutations which appear autonomously.[1] The permissive conditions may be temperature[2], certain chemicals[3], light[3] or mutations in other parts of the genome[1]. In vivo mechanisms like transcriptional switches can create conditional mutations. For instance, association of Steroid Binding Domain can create a transcriptional switch that can change the expression of a gene based on the presence of a steroid ligand.[4] Conditional mutations have applications in research as they allow control over gene expression. This is especially useful studying diseases in adults by allowing expression after a certain period of growth, thus eliminating the deleterious effect of gene expression seen during stages of development in model organisms.[3] DNA Recombinase systems like Cre-Lox Recombination used in combination with promoters that are activated under certain conditions can generate conditional mutations. Dual Recombinase technology can be used to induce multiple conditional mutations to study the diseases which manifest as a result of simultaneous mutations in multiple genes.[3] Certain inteins have been identified which splice only at certain permissive temperatures, leading to improper protein synthesis and thus, loss of function mutations at other temperatures.[5] Conditional mutations may also be used in genetic studies associated with aging, as the expression can be changed after a certain time period in the organism's lifespan.[2]
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- ^ a b Chadov, Boris F.; Fedorova, Nina B.; Chadova, Eugenia V. (2015-07-01). "Conditional mutations in Drosophila melanogaster: On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of G. Mendel's report in Brünn". Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research. 765: 40–55. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.06.001.
- ^ a b "High-Frequency Generation of Conditional Mutations Affecting Drosophila melanogaster Development and Life Span". Genetics.
- ^ a b c d "Strategies to Achieve Conditional Gene Mutation in Mice". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols.
- ^ Spencer, D. M. (1996-05-01). "Creating conditional mutations in mammals". Trends in genetics: TIG. 12 (5): 181–187. ISSN 0168-9525. PMID 8984733.
- ^ Tan, Guihong (2009). "Temperature-Sensitive Mutations Made Easy: Generating Conditional Mutations by Using Temperature-Sensitive Inteins That Function Within Different Temperature Ranges". Genetics.