User:Nora lives/Genetic history of Ireland

Genetic placement of Ireland in Europe

The following I quote from myself in Irish people:

Some popular writers such as Stephen Oppenheimer, a pediatrician, and Brian Sykes, have contributed best-selling speculative works on the so-called Genetic history of the British Isles. Subscribing to the once popular notion that the Irish people descend from non-Indo-European hunter-gatherers from the "Iberian refugium", they have based their theories on outdated estimates of the age of Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA). This haplogroup is now believed to have originated over 12,000 years more recently than previously thought, in Western Asia or Central Asia.^[1] It thus follows that Irish and many other European subclades originating several thousand miles to the west of the region of origin will be considerably younger than the maximum age of 18,000 years. The previous estimates, based on improper dating methods, were 30,000+ years, which made it possible to envision R1b as being more "aboriginal" to Western Europe than it actually was. According to recent 2009 studies by Bramanti et al and Malmström et al on mtDNA,^[2]^[3] related Western European populations appear to be of largely Neolithic and not Paleolithic origins as previously thought. Because the Irish people are not true genetic outliers in Western Europe, these conclusions should also largely apply to them.

The association of the Irish with the Basques was in fact challenged as early as 2005,^[4] and in 2007 scientists began looking at a Neolithic entrance for R1b into Europe.^[5]

Age estimates

mtDNA

R1b (Y-DNA)

I1b (Y-DNA)

Overview of Irish population groups

Septs and surnames

Notes

^ ISOGG 2009
^ Bramanti et al 2009
^ [http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822%2809%2901694-7 Malmström et al 2009
^ Alonso et al. The Place of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape. European Journal of Human Genetics, 13:1293-1302, 2005
^ B. Arredi, E. S. Poloni and C. Tyler-Smith (2007). "The peopling of Europe". In Crawford, Michael H. (ed.). Anthropological genetics: theory, methods and applications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 394. ISBN 0-521-54697-4.

References

ISOGG
Karafet et al, New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008.
Articles & Links

Surname studies

Irish and related clusters

DYS464Xccgg Leinster modal
The Leinster Modal
Irish Type III Dál gCais
R-M222 Uí Néill?
South Irish R1b Eóganachta?