User:Difei Shi/Flame test/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Bibliography

As you gather the sources for your Wikipedia contribution, think about the following:

Is the source from a reliable publication?
- Reliable publications include established newspapers, academic journals and books, textbooks, and other published sources with reputations for accuracy and fact-checking.
- Unreliable sources include blog posts and other self-published works, press releases, and social media posts.
Is the source verifiable?
- In order for a source to be considered verifiable, other editors should be able to consult the source.
Is the source independent of the subject?
- Is the source connected in any way to the subject? This is especially important when writing biographies or about organizations.
- For example, if you were writing a biography, sources like the person's webpage or personal blog would not be considered independent.
Is the source primary or secondary?
- Primary sources include first-hand accounts, autobiographies, and other original content.
- Wikipedia allows limited use of primary sources, but typically only for straightforward, descriptive statements of facts, and only if they are published and verifiable without requiring specialized knowledge.
- Secondary sources should be the main basis for a biography on Wikipedia.
If you're working on a topic related to medicine or psychology, ensure that your sources follow these special guidelines.
If you're creating a new article, consider the following:
- Ensure that your topic meets Wikipedia's notability guidelines.
- In order for a topic to meet the notability requirement, you must be able to identify 2-3 sources that are reliable, verifiable, and independent of the subject you're writing about.
- Finding sufficient sources to establish notability can be especially hard when writing about people or organizations.
- Sources that are not independent of the subject might be useful additions, but don't count towards the notability requirement.
- Wikipedia has developed special guidelines for writing about living persons. Please follow these carefully.
- Wikipedia has a series of guidelines for writing about different categories of people, such as academics and artists. If you're trying to create a new entry about a living person, please look at these carefully.

If you're not sure whether a source is reliable, ask a librarian! If you have questions about Wikipedia's sourcing rules, you can use the Get Help button below to contact your Wikipedia Expert.

Get Help

Bibliography

Edit this section to compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Add the name and/or notes about what each source covers, then use the "Cite" button to generate the citation for that source.

8: Flame Tests of Metal Cations (Experiment)^[1]
- This is an article published by a multi-institutional collaboration supported by the US National Science Foundation, so it should be a reliable source. It explains the theory behind flame tests and describes the experimental procedure. This information can be added to a new section of the article called “Principles.”
Playing with Fire: Chemical Safety Expertise Required^[2]
- This is an article published by the American Chemical Society, so it should be a reliable source. It describes the potential hazards associated with fire usage and flame tests in classrooms. This information can be added to a new section of the article called “Safety.”
Low-Cost Method for Quantifying Sodium in Coconut Water and Seawater for the Undergraduate Analytical Chemistry Laboratory: Flame Test, a Mobile Phone Camera, and Image Processing^[3]
- This is an article from the Journal of Chemical Education published on the Web of Science and American Chemical Society, so it should be a reliable source. It discusses the benefits and hazards of the flame test. This information can be added to the lead section of the article to argue the advantages of the flame test, and could be used as a reference for the new section of the article called “Hazards.”
Taking flame tests one step forward: the case of a DIY atomic emission spectrophotometer^[4]
- This is an article from Chemistry Teacher International published on the Web of Science, so it should be a reliable source. It discusses the benefits and practicality of the flame test. This information can be added to the lead section of the article to explain the practicality of the flame test in schools.

Spectroscopy (1855-1864)^[5]
- This is the informational webpage on chemistry created by the University of Waterloo, so it should be a reliable source. It includes the colour of several elements and can serve as a reference for the “Common Elements” section.
This Month in Physics History^[6]
- This is an article published by the American Physical Society, so it should be a reliable source. It contains information about the history of the flame test, its utilization and the discovery of rubidium. This information can be added to a new section of the article called “History.”
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff^[7]
- This is an article published by the Science History Institute, so it should be a reliable source. It contains information about the history of flame tests and the discovery of rubidium. This information can be added to a new section of the article called “History.”
Flame Tests^[8]
- This is an article published by a multi-institutional collaboration supported by the US National Science Foundation, so it should be a reliable source. It includes information about the flame colour of different elements and the principles behind the flame colours. It can support the colours in the “Common Elements” section and provide a new section called “Principles.” For the “Principles” section, a diagram can be added using information from this article.

Examples:

Luke, Learie. 2007. Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press.
- This is a book published by a university press, so it should be a reliable source. It also covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (2013-11-08). "Sabinaria , a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border". Phytotaxa.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source. It covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source for a specific fact. Since it only dedicates a few sentences to the topic, it can't be used to establish notability.

References

^ "8: Flame Tests of Metal Cations (Experiment)". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2017-10-31. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
^ Sigmann, Samuella B. (2018-10-09). "Playing with Fire: Chemical Safety Expertise Required". Journal of Chemical Education. 95 (10): 1736–1746. doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00152. ISSN 0021-9584.
^ Moraes, Edgar P.; da Silva, Nilbert S. A.; de Morais, Camilo de L. M.; Neves, Luiz S. das; Lima, Kassio M. G. de (2014-11-11). "Low-Cost Method for Quantifying Sodium in Coconut Water and Seawater for the Undergraduate Analytical Chemistry Laboratory: Flame Test, a Mobile Phone Camera, and Image Processing". Journal of Chemical Education. 91 (11): 1958–1960. doi:10.1021/ed400797k. ISSN 0021-9584.
^ Mavroukakis-Karagounis, Constantina; Papadopoulou, Isavella; Papadopoulou, Myrto; Makedonas, Christodoulos (2020-06-01). "Taking flame tests one step forward: the case of a DIY atomic emission spectrophotometer". Chemistry Teacher International. 2 (1). doi:10.1515/cti-2018-0013. ISSN 2569-3263.
^ "Spectroscopy (1855-1864) | Chemistry". uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
^ "This Month in Physics History". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
^ "Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff". Science History Institute. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
^ "Flame Tests". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2013-10-03. Retrieved 2023-10-15.

Outline of proposed changes

Click on the edit button to draft your outline.

Now that you have compiled a bibliography, it's time to plan out how you'll improve your assigned article.

In this section, write up a concise outline of how the sources you've identified will add relevant information to your chosen article. Be sure to discuss what content gap your additions tackle and how these additions will improve the article's quality.

Consider other changes you'll make to the article, including possible deletions of irrelevant, outdated, or incorrect information, restructuring of the article to improve its readability or any other change you plan on making. This is your chance to really think about how your proposed additions will improve your chosen article and to vet your sources even further.

Note: This is not a draft. This is an outline/plan where you can think about how the sources you've identified will fill in a content gap.

Get Help

[1] "8: Flame Tests of Metal Cations (Experiment)". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2017-10-31. Retrieved 2023-10-16.

[2] Sigmann, Samuella B. (2018-10-09). "Playing with Fire: Chemical Safety Expertise Required". Journal of Chemical Education. 95 (10): 1736–1746. doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00152. ISSN 0021-9584.

[3] Moraes, Edgar P.; da Silva, Nilbert S. A.; de Morais, Camilo de L. M.; Neves, Luiz S. das; Lima, Kassio M. G. de (2014-11-11). "Low-Cost Method for Quantifying Sodium in Coconut Water and Seawater for the Undergraduate Analytical Chemistry Laboratory: Flame Test, a Mobile Phone Camera, and Image Processing". Journal of Chemical Education. 91 (11): 1958–1960. doi:10.1021/ed400797k. ISSN 0021-9584.

[4] Mavroukakis-Karagounis, Constantina; Papadopoulou, Isavella; Papadopoulou, Myrto; Makedonas, Christodoulos (2020-06-01). "Taking flame tests one step forward: the case of a DIY atomic emission spectrophotometer". Chemistry Teacher International. 2 (1). doi:10.1515/cti-2018-0013. ISSN 2569-3263.

[5] "Spectroscopy (1855-1864) | Chemistry". uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-15.

[6] "This Month in Physics History". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2023-10-15.

[7] "Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff". Science History Institute. Retrieved 2023-10-15.

[8] "Flame Tests". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2013-10-03. Retrieved 2023-10-15.

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