User:Delldot/scrapheap
Breakdown of age at time of injury in the US from 1995–1999.[1]
to do
[edit]- Sullivan -replace with page #s sfn
- Brown-Séquard syndrome - several dermatomes lower
anatomy
[edit]31 spinal nerves; there;s a c8 (cord not column); c1-c7 exit above vertebrae, c8 on exit below.[2]
spinal nerves anterior=efferent, pos=aff.[2]
class
[edit]LMN vs UMN (at vs below lvl of inj).[3]
s/s
[edit]temp control, hypo early hyper later, improves over time.[4]
cardiovasc problems[4]
Quadriparesis is weakness in all four limbs, paraparesis is weakness in the legs.[1]
above t6 resp affected, above t12 cough fx'd.[2] p.175
causes
[edit]uncommon in kids, but lap belt or birth injuries[5]
pathophys
[edit]description primary/secondaary
comorbidities
[edit]associated spinal fx in 56% cervical, 100% thorax, 85% lumbar.[6]
rx
[edit]+ benefits methylprednisolone: bbb, free rads...[7]
prognosis
[edit]c3 nd higher usu fatal.[3]
epidemiology
[edit]c-spine carries highest mortality of SCI lvls.[2]
societal impact
[edit]- avg lifetime costs, collective costs.[8]
- lifetime costs chart by level.[9]
- lifetime costs, para/quad [10]
- high quad > $3mil.[6]
global costs[4]
research
[edit]drugs, hypo, oscillating, Anti-Nogo antibodies, cell transplantation therapy[12]
refs
[edit]Augustine, J.J. (21 November 2011). "Spinal trauma". In Campbell, J.R. (ed.). International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers. Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-13-300408-3.
Bigelow, S.; Medzon, R. (16 June 2011). "Injuries of the spine: Nerve". Trauma: A Comprehensive Emergency Medicine Approach. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-50072-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
- ^ Data from the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Committee on Spinal Cord Injury; Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health; Institute of Medicine (27 July 2005). Spinal Cord Injury: Progress, Promise, and Priorities. National Academies Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-309-16520-4.
- ^ a b c Bigelow & Medzon 2011, p. 168.
- ^ Snell 2010, p. 170.
- ^ a b Fulk, Behrman & Schmitz 2013, p. 897.
- ^ Schottler, Jennifer; Vogel, Lawrence C; Sturm, Peter (2012). "Spinal cord injuries in young children: A review of children injured at 5 years of age and younger". Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 54 (12): 1138–1143. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04411.x. ISSN 0012-1622. PMID 22998495.
- ^ a b Bigelow & Medzon 2011, p. 167.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Silva14was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Fulk, Behrman & Schmitz 2013, p. 890.
- ^ a b National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (March 2013). "Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance" (PDF). Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama at Birmingham.
- ^ Augustine 2011, p. 194.
- ^ Kabu S, Gao Y, Kwon BK, Labhasetwar V (2015). "Drug delivery, cell-based therapies, and tissue engineering approaches for spinal cord injury". Journal of Controlled Release. 219: 141–54. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.060. PMC 4656085. PMID 26343846.
- ^ Daroff et al. 2012, p. 983.