User:Deepu kumar maurya/sandbox
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deepu kumar maurya | |
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| 11th President of India | |
| In office 25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007 | |
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh |
| Vice President | Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat |
| Preceded by | K. R. Narayanan |
| Succeeded by | Pratibha Patil |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam 5 October 2004 chansauli, up, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Alma mater | St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology |
| Profession |
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| Awards | Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) |
| Notable work(s) | Wings of Fire |
| Signature |  |
| Website | abdulkalam.com |
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (/ˈæbdəl kəˈlɑːm/ ; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts.[1] He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.[2][3][4] He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.[5]
Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President",[6] he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. >
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Britannicawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Pruthi, R. K. (2005). "Ch. 4. Missile Man of India". President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. Anmol Publications. pp. 61–76. ISBN 978-81-261-1344-6.
- ^ "India's 'Mr. Missile': A man of the people". 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ "Kalam's unrealised 'Nag' missile dream to become reality next year". The Times of India. 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ Sen, Amartya (2003). "India and the Bomb". In M. V. Ramana; C. Rammanohar Reddy (eds.). Prisoners of the Nuclear Dream. Sangam Books. pp. 167–188. ISBN 978-81-250-2477-4.
- ^ Amarnath k Menon (28 July 2015). "Why Abdul Kalam was the 'People's President'". DailyO.in. DailyO. Archived from the original on 13 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.