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An individual’s height is determined by a complex interplay between genes and environment. While statistical analysis of multiple research studies have produced a correlation between height and intelligence, it is important to acknowledge how various genetic and environmental factors influence height, and why this may be associated with measurements of intelligence.
It has been suggested that increases in average height, in response to improved nutrition, have been accompanied by an increase in brain size, and is one explanation for an overall rise in measured intelligence among all tested populations that has been called the Flynn Effect.[1]
Heritability estimates for height can be generated using comparisons among close relatives, such as between parents and children or siblings. To measure the effect of genetic inheritance, height comparisons are correlated with total shared genetic markers. Common percent values range between 60-80%[2], with high variation attributed to differences in a population’s genetic history and environment (such as climate, nutrition, and lifestyle).
The most notable contributing environmental influences associated with the correlation of height and IQ include “diet, disease, psychosocial stress and inadequate cognitive stimulation”[3] Populations who live under stable conditions tend to have higher values of genetic influence, while populations susceptible to events of poor nutrition and illness show greater determination from their environment.[4]
An auxological approach that emphasizes multiple influences from all aspects of life, with special attention paid to prenatal and very early child development, seem to offer the most robust and accurate portrayal of overall growth and development. From these perspectives, we can better understand if the correlation persists, especially within developing countries prone to environmental uncertainties.[5]
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- ^ Neisser, Ulric; Boodoo, Gwyneth; J., Thomas; Bouchard, Jr.; Boykin, A. Wade; Brody, Nathan; Ceci, Stephen J.; Halpern, Diane F.; Loehlin, John C. "Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns". American Psychologist. 51 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.2.77.
- ^ "How much of human height is genetic and how much is due to nutrition?". Scientific American. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
- ^ Gale, Catharine (2005-06-01). "Commentary: Height and intelligence". International Journal of Epidemiology. 34 (3): 678–679. doi:10.1093/ije/dyi064. ISSN 0300-5771. PMID 15831563.
- ^ Colom, Roberto; Lluis-Font, Josep M; Andrés-Pueyo, Antonio (2005-01-01). "The generational intelligence gains are caused by decreasing variance in the lower half of the distribution: Supporting evidence for the nutrition hypothesis". Intelligence. 33 (1): 83–91. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.07.010.
- ^ Lampl, M.; Mummert, A.; Schoen, M. (2015-10-01). "Auxological perspectives on 'growth' in DOHaD". Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. 6 (5): 390–398. doi:10.1017/S2040174415001403. ISSN 2040-1744.