User:DavidAnstiss/Tulipa kaufmanniana

Tulipa kaufmanniana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Liliaceae
Genus:	Tulipa
Species:	T. kaufmanniana
Binomial name
Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel
Synonyms
None known,

Tulipa kaufmanniana (Waterlily tulip) is a species of tulip native to central Asia, found in (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang)

Description

water lily tulip waterlily tulip

Family Liliaceae

Genus Tulipa are bulbous perennials with characteristic flowers, in a wide range of colours, in spring

Horticultural Group Kaufmanniana Group tulips are small, often with purple-marked foliage, and have single, often bicoloured flowers in early spring

Details T. kaufmanniana is a dwarf bulbous perennial, up to 20cm tall, with broad glaucous leaves. Flowers vary in colour through creamy-white, yellow and red, with a yellow base, in early spring

Plant range C Asia Cultivation Plant 10 to 15cm deep in fertile, well-drained soil with protection from excessive wet and shelter from strong winds; see tulip cultivation

Propagation Propagate by lifting and separating offsets;see bulb propagation

Suggested planting locations and garden types City & Courtyard Gardens Cottage & Informal Garden Patio & Container Plants Rock Garden

How to care Pruning Deadhead after flowering

Pests Can be damaged by slugs, aphids and stem and bulb eelworm, squirrels may eat bulbs

Diseases May be subject to tulip fire, tulip viruses and bulb rots https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/94833/i-Tulipa-kaufmanniana-i-(12)/Details Tulipa kaufmanniana

Gartenflora 26: 194 1877.

Konstantin von Kaufman (1818-1882) was the first Governor-General of Russian Turkestan.

Liliaceae Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel Gartenflora (1877) 194; et in Act. Hort. Petrop. v. (1877) 265. Original Data: Notes: Turkestan http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=542962-1 |accessdate=19 September 2017}}</ref>

They set the mountains of Tien-Shan ablaze, The hysteria may have waned since the 17th century, when desire for the tulip impoverished wealthy men and destroyed families, and a single bulb changed hands in Amsterdam for the price of a house, but this flower is still one of the most eagerly awaited signs of spring.

This glorious flower is where the tulip meadows set the mountain slopes ablaze with colour in spring. It's as tough as it is beautiful and it has been crossed with T. fosteriana and T. greigii to produce some of the early flowering bulbs that stand up best to our often dreadful spring weather. Only in the very coldest parts of the country should kaufmanniana bulbs be lifted once the top growth has died off. Dry and store them for replanting in September or October. Elsewhere they can be left in the ground all year to form natural groups. They will need to be split up and re-planted every three years or so - no more frequently as they dislike being disturbed. The ideal place to naturalise them is in a large rock garden or a fairly open shrubbery. How to grow

so excellent drainage is essential. If the ground is heavy and prone to waterlogging dig it over very thoroughly, incorporating lots of coarse gravel and compost or composted bark. In a rock garden excavate the soil from the planting spot, mix it thoroughly with compost and grit, and return it. The bulbs like to be planted at least 6in down as recommended by the legendary plantsman E A Bowles.

Perfect drainage conditions are very easily achieved by growing them in terracotta pots outside or in a window box. They are also happy in a cool conservatory but are inclined to become drawn and leafy indoors, prefering the open. A south-facing slope is ideal, as the sunshine will encourage the flowers to open fully and look their best. Good companions Tulips have traditionally been used for massed bedding schemes. Perhaps not to everyone's taste, this does make for a brilliant display at a fairly colourless time of year. Good bedding companions for T. kaufmanniana are polyanthus, double daisies, scillas and winter-flowering pansies. In a rock garden small clumps look tremendously attractive planted among dwarf rhododendrons such as R. impeditum and R. campylogynum Myrtilloides Group. Sedges, which thrive in drained but moisture-retentive soil, make a very attractive setting for the kaufmanniana species and hybrids, coming into flower in July when the tulips have died down. Try the bronze form of Carex comans, and the tufted sedges C. elata ‘Aurea' and ‘Knightshayes'. <lyle>

Dormancy and germination requirements were investigated in seeds of Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel (Liliaceae). The present study was conducted to study the dormancy breaking treatment in Tulip seed. An experiment was conducted with four replications and three treatments including: 3 different stratification periods (0, 5 and 7 weeks), varying concentrations of GA3 (0, 250 and 500ppm) and 4 levels of KNO3 (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% v/v). Germination percentage and mean germination time were significantly enhanced by treating seeds with mentioned treatments compared with the untreated control seeds. It was concluded that stratification for 7 weeks was more effective treatment on studied traits than 5 weeks. Moreover, cold stratification was a better treatment on breaking seed dormancy of waterlily seeds than GA3 and KNO3 treatments. Applying 500ppm concentration of GA3 and 0.1 of KNO3 after stratification resulted in higher germination in waterlily dormant seeds.

Tulipa kaufmanniana, native of Turkey, used to be (by a long shot) the first of our species tulips to bloom, starting as slender candlestick buds at February's end, & unfolding into full bloom by the first week in March, hence a winter bloomer even though usually categorized as early spring. In 2004 however, the Violet Crocus Tulip (T. humilis violacea) bloomed a week sooner than our wild Kaufmanniana, then in 2005 with many more kaufmannianas in the garden, three cultivars bloomed simultaneous with the wild ones.

The blooms, when first beginning to open, are rather cup-shaped, though with pointy petals; but eventually, upon the sunniest days, they open flat from about a third of the way up the slender cup, so that when viewed from above they look like hexagonal stars. The petals are slenderer on the wild form than on the cultivars. These will persist into April, as they are extremely long-lasting.

TulipsWhen the reflexing petals are fully opened it is obvious why they are called "waterlily type." When the flowers are closed, they show the outer colors. The second photo shows them a couple days after the first photo, & because the day was overcast, the blooms closed back up, showing more of their darkening pink outer edges.

The third photo shows them on a very sunny morning. Viewed from above the pink of the outer petals is no longer visible, & it appears as pale creamy yellow with deep yellow heart.

For some kaufmannianas, the leaves provide added interest by right of being either mottled or red-striped, else times wavy, or both wavy & striped. Strips & mottling originated in cross-fertilizations with T. greigii, as the purest examples of the wild form (such as shown on this page) do not have the mottling or stripes. You can see a very stripy water-lily tulip on the T. kaufmanniana 'Heart's Delight' page.

This faintly fragrant creamy yellow wildflower, with a rosy blush to the outer petal points & edges, was first described in 1877, & Several other color varieties have since come into gardening, but this one remains the ideal of the "kaufmanniana Type" or "Water Lily Type" tulip. They vary in height & size of bloom, but the leaves are rather close to the ground, while the large blossom lifts to six or eight inches. Some may stay as short as four inches, & rarely there's a twelve-incher.

When the blooms are spent, the remaining & soon-fading leaves are rather homely, yet should not be trimmed until they begin to yellow & brown, as until they are browning, the leaves are recharging the bulb for the next year.

PodThough they are such short tulips that one would think they'd be impervious to "lodging" or falling over, a hard rain or wind does knock them right down, so they require a somewhat protected position to look their best, or even a bit of crowding. Some of the cultivars are better at remaining upright than the wild form, & are also of a more robust appearance with broader petals; but even the wild one, which may lean over on overcast days, will perk back up on sunny days.

Kaufmanniana likes to have its bulbs planted relatively deep in autumn, a full six inches down, so conceivably shallower bulbs could be layered over them, baring in mind that the kaufmannians appear very early & have large leaves that would smother anything tiny.

Once they're established, kaufmannianas do not like to be disturbed, so their area must be marked well so that they are not accidentally dug up. Unmolested, all kaufmannianas perennialize with great ease, though generally only this wild form will fully naturalize, slowly colonizing & spreading out over a small area.

Tulipa kaufmanniana — Classifications Water-lily Tulip

|accessdate=19 September 2017}}</ref>

Image on a postage stamp from Russia

Tulipa kaufmanniana 'The First' Tulipa kaufmanniana 'Showwinner'

Kaufmanniana Tulips (Tulipa kaufmanniana) Tulips (Tulipa, syn. T. kaufmanniana) 'Stresa' Mike Hill / Getty Images Modern Kaufmanniana tulips originated from a species native to the region now known as Turkistan. Gardeners in USDA growing zone 3 won’t have any problem cultivating the hardy Kaufmanniana tulips in the landscape. These are long-lived tulips that require very little care. They have a small stature, averaging 6 inches in height, which makes them suitable for areas with high winds where taller tulips are frequently snapped in spring squalls. These tulips perennialize nicely in sunny areas where they don’t have to compete with other plants.

McIntosh, Jamie (21 March 2020). "14 Tulip Varieties to Plant for Spring Blooms". The Spruce. Retrieved 17 April 2020.</ref>

References

kaufmanniana ;Category:Ephemeral plants ;Category:Flora of Asia ;Category:Plants described in 1877