User:Dainomite/sandbox/List of military alliances

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Major security alliances

  NATO, CSDP

  SCO, CSTO

  Council of South American Defense

  Peace and Security Council of the African Union

This is the list of military alliances. A military alliance is a formal agreement between two or more parties concerning national security in which the contracting parties agree to mutual protection and support in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, which formed for a crisis that already exists. Numerous forms of military and defensive alliances have existed between states since early human history. This is a comprehensive list of the most important alliances.

Historical examples

Ancient Period

Alliance	Timespan	Members
Latin League	7th century – 334 BC	Various tribes in Latium
Peloponnesian League	6th century – 3 BC	Various city-states in the Peloponnese, dominated by Sparta
Foedus Cassianum	493 BC	Treaty between Roman Republic and Latin League
Delian League	478–404 BC	See article
Second Athenian League	378–355 BC	Various city-states around the Aegean, led by Athens
League of Corinth	338–322 BC	Greek states, excluding Sparta

Medieval Period

• 1266–1320 Byzantine-Mongol Alliance – Byzantine Empire, Golden Horde
• 1295–1560 Auld Alliance – Scotland, France, Norway
• 1367–1385 Confederation of Cologne – cities of the Hanseatic League
• 1386 Treaty of Windsor / Anglo-Portuguese Alliance – Portugal, England

Early Modern Period

• 1494–1559 Italian Wars
  • League of Cambrai – The Papal States, Kingdom of France, Aragon, Holy Roman Empire, Duchy of Ferrara
  • Catholic League (Italian) – The Papal States, Venice, England, Aragon, Holy Roman Empire
• 1536–1798 Franco-Ottoman alliance – Kingdom of France, Ottoman Empire
• 1546–1547 Schmalkaldic War
  • Schmalkaldic League – German Protestant States
• 1571 Christian–Islamic Wars
  • Holy League – Papal States, Spain, Republic of Venice, others
• 1596–1604 Triple Alliance (1596) – Dutch Republic, Kingdom of France and Kingdom of England
• 1618–1648 Thirty Years' War
  • Catholic League (German) – Bavaria, other Catholic German States
  • Protestant Union – Protestant German States
  • Treaty of Nonsuch – Dutch Republic, England
• 1631–1639 Treaty of Fontainebleau – Kingdom of France, Electorate of Bavaria
• 1668–1672 Triple Alliance (1668) – Kingdom of England, Swedish Empire, Dutch Republic
• 1683–1699 Great Turkish War (War of the Holy League)
  • Holy League – Holy Roman Empire, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Republic of Venice and Tsardom of Russia
• 1688–1697 War of the Grand Alliance (Nine Years' War, King William's War, or War of the League of Augsburg)
  • League of Augsburg – Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Austria, England, Piedmont-Savoy, Sweden, Scotland, versus France and Irish and Scottish Jacobites

Eighteenth century

See also: Stately quadrille and Diplomatic Revolution

• 1716–1731 Anglo-French Alliance – Kingdom of France and Kingdom of Great Britain
• 1717–1718 Triple Alliance (1717) – Dutch Republic, Kingdom of France and Kingdom of Great Britain
• 1731–1756 Anglo-Austrian Alliance – Kingdom of Great Britain, Habsburg monarchy
• 1747–1748 Convention of Saint Petersburg – Great Britain, Russian Empire, Dutch Republic
• 1756–1762 Anglo-Prussian Alliance (1756) – Great Britain, Kingdom of Prussia
• 1756–1759 Treaty of Versailles – Kingdom of France, Habsburg monarchy
• 1764–1788 Russo-Prussian alliance – Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia
• 1778–1800 Treaty of Alliance – United States, Kingdom of France
• 1779–1783 Treaty of Aranjuez – Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Spain
• 1781–1790 Austro-Russian Alliance – Russian Empire, Habsburg Monarchy
• 1788–1791 Anglo-Prussian Alliance (1788) – Great Britain, Kingdom of Prussia
• 1788–1791 Triple Alliance (1788) – Great Britain, Kingdom of Prussia, Dutch Republic
• 1790–1792 Polish–Prussian alliance – Kingdom of Prussia, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Nineteenth century

All the participants in the Napoleonic Wars. Blue: The Coalition and their colonies and allies. Green: The First French Empire, its protectorates, colonies, and allies.

• 1815–1818 The Quadruple Alliance – United Kingdom, Austrian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia and Russian Empire.

Holy Alliance 1815.

• 1815–1825 Holy Alliance – Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia, Austrian Empire
• 1865–1872 Triple Alliance of 1865 – Empire of Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina
• 1873 Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru) – Bolivia, Peru
• 1873–1878 & 1881–1887 League of the Three Emperors – Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary and German Empire
• 1879–1918 Dual Alliance – Austria-Hungary and German Empire
• 1882–1914 Triple Alliance – German Empire, Austria-Hungary and Kingdom of Italy
• 1892 Treaty of Nice – French Third Republic, Kingdom of Italy
• 1892–1917 Franco-Russian Alliance – French Third Republic and Russian Empire

Twentieth century

World War I

Alliances in the First World War

• 1902–1923 Anglo-Japanese Alliance – United Kingdom and Japan
• 1904 Entente Cordiale – United Kingdom and France
• 1907–1918 the Entente and the Allies – Russia (to 1917), United Kingdom, France, Italy, United States (from 1917), Japan, Serbia, Romania, Portugal (from 1916), China (from 1917)
• 1912–1913 Balkan League – Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Serbia
• 1914–1918 the Central Powers – German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Bulgaria
• 1914–1918 Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance – Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Bulgaria
• 1915–1918 Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915) – German Empire Kingdom of Bulgaria
• 1915–1918 German–Ottoman alliance – German Empire, Ottoman Empire

Interwar period

• 1920–1938 Little Entente – Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia
• 1920–1940 Franco-Polish Alliance – France, Poland
• 1934–1938 Balkan Pact – Greece, Turkey, Romania and Yugoslavia
• 1934–1938 Rome Protocols – Italy, Austria, and Hungary
• 1934–1935 Stresa Front – the United Kingdom, France, and Italy
• 1935–1939 Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance – France and Soviet Union
• 1935–1939 Czechoslovak–Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance – Czechoslovakia and Soviet Union

World War II

Alliances in the Second World War

• 1939 Anglo-Polish alliance – Poland, United Kingdom
• 1939–1945 Allies – Poland, United Kingdom, France (Third Republic)/Free France, Soviet Union (from 22 June 1941), United States (from 7 December 1941), China (at war with Japan from 1937; declared war on Germany 9 December 1941), and many others.
  • 1942–1945 Declaration by United Nations: the main treaty that formalized the Allied powers; signed by 47 governments from 1 January 1942 onwards
• 1939–1945 Iberian Pact – Portugal, Spain
• 1939–1949 Pact of Steel – Nazi Germany, Kingdom of Italy
• 1940–1945 Tripartite Pact – Nazi Germany, Empire of Japan, Kingdom of Italy, Kingdom of Romania, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and their puppet states.

Cold War

Alliances during the Cold War (1980)

• 1947 Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Pact) – Most of the countries of the Americas.
• 1948–1954 Western Union (WU), also referred to as the Brussels Treaty Organisation (BTO) – France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom
• 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) – United States, Canada, most of Western Europe
• 1951 ANZUS Treaty (ANZUS) – United States, Australia, New Zealand
• 1951 U.S.-Japan Alliance – United States, Japan
• 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–Philippines) – United States, Philippines
• 1953 Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–South Korea) – United States, South Korea
• 1954–1977 SEATO – United States, United Kingdom, France, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, South Vietnam, Laos
• 1954–2011 Western European Union (WEU) – successor of the Western Union, limited role. Merged with EU in 2009.
• 1955–1979 CENTO – United Kingdom, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan
• 1955–1980 Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty – United States, Republic of China
• 1955–1991 Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union, East Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania
• 1958 North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) – United States and Canada.
• 1970–1974 Alcora Exercise – Portugal, South Africa and Rhodesia.
• 1971 Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) – United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore.
• 1971 Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation – India and Soviet Union.
• 1981 Strategic Cooperation Agreement – Israel and United States.
• 1981 ECOMOG of Economic Community of West African States.
• 1982 Regional Security System (RSS) – several Eastern Caribbean countries.
• 1992 Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) – Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan

Twenty-first century

• 2001 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) – China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
• 2010 Agreement on Strategic Partnership and Mutual Support – Turkey and Azerbaijan
• 2010 Lancaster House Treaties – France and United Kingdom
• 2015–2020 U.S.-Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement – Afghanistan and United States
• 2021 AUKUS – Australia, United Kingdom and United States
• 2022 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Lugansk People's Republic – Russia, Luhansk People's Republic
• 2022 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Donetsk People's Republic – Russia, Donetsk People's Republic
• 2022 UK-Sweden Political Declaration of Solidarity – Sweden and United Kingdom
• 2022 Finnish-UK alliance – Finland and United Kingdom

Current military alliances

Oceania

Organization	Countries
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC)	Australia • New Zealand

Intercontinental

North America and Asia

Instrument	Countries
US-Israel Strategic Partnership Declares Israel a major strategic partner of the United States and allows a greater mutual cooperation in defense and other categories	United States • Israel
Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan	United States • Japan
United States and Pakistan entered into a Mutual Defense Assistant Agreement following Liaquat Ali Khan's state visit to the United States to counter Sino-Soviet ambitions in South Asia and Middle East.	United States • Pakistan
Mutual Defense Treaty between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America	United States • Philippines
Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea	United States • South Korea
Taiwan Relations Act between requires the United States to supply arms to Taiwan, and optionally intervene in the event of a invasion by the Chinese Communist Party-governed People's Republic of China.	United States • Taiwan

Oceania and Asia

Instrument	Countries
Reciprocal Access Agreement (RAA)	Australia • Japan

Proposed alliance

Proposed

Instrument	Countries
CANZUK is a proposed alliance between four Commonwealth realms	United Kingdom • Canada • Australia • New Zealand

See also

• Major Non-NATO ally

References

! Alliances Alliance treaties Category:Diplomacy-related lists