User:Daask/sandbox/Tetrahydropalmatine as a substance abuse treatment

Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) has been used as a substance abuse treatment, especially in the form of levo-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP). l-THP is contained in plant species of the genera Stephania and Corydalis and herbal preparations derived from these plants. It has been approved for use in China under the trade name Rotundine. THP is one of the active ingredients in Jinniu capsules, a Chinese pill formulation. A comparison of Jinniu and lofexidine found no significant difference in their effects on acute heroin withdrawal symptoms.

References

• Shi, Jie; Xu, Guo-zhu; Liu, Ting-ting; Wang, Xi; Shen, Li-yang; Li, Jing; Hao, Wei; Chen, Hong-xian; Li, Su-xia; Lu, Lin (2008). "A Comparative Clinical Study of the Effects of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinniu Capsules and Lofexidine on Acute Heroin Withdrawal Symptoms". The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 34 (6). Informa UK Limited: 792–800. doi:10.1080/00952990802491563. ISSN 0095-2990. PMID 19016185. S2CID 27172036.

Further reading

• Cao, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, L., Zhu, J., Zhao, N., Dong, N., ... & Chen, T. (2018). The inhibitory effect of levo-tetrahydropalmatine on the methamphetamine-induced spatial memory impairment in mice. Neuroscience letters, 672, 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.018
• Chen, Y. J., Liu, Y. L., Zhong, Q., Yu, Y. F., Su, H. L., Toque, H. A., ... & Chen, T. (2012). Tetrahydropalmatine protects against methamphetamine-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in mice. Neuroscience bulletin, 28(3), 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-012-1236-4
• Chu, Hongyuan; Jin, Guozhang; Friedman, Eitan; Zhen, Xuechu (21 August 2007). "Recent Development in Studies of Tetrahydroprotoberberines: Mechanism in Antinociception and Drug Addiction". Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 28 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 491–499. doi:10.1007/s10571-007-9179-4. ISSN 0272-4340. PMID 17710533. S2CID 32614718.
• Du, Y., Du, L., Cao, J., Hölscher, C., Feng, Y., Su, H., ... & Yun, K. M. (2017). Levo-tetrahydropalmatine inhibits the acquisition of ketamine-induced conditioned place preference by regulating the expression of ERK and CREB phosphorylation in rats. Behavioural brain research, 317, 367-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.001
• Eldahshan, O. A.; Elsakka, A. M. A.; Singab, A. N. (2016). "Medicinal plants and addiction treatment". Medicinal & Aromatic Plants. 5 (4). OMICS Publishing Group. doi:10.4172/2167-0412.1000260. ISSN 2167-0412.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
• Faison, S. (2015). The Development of levo-Tetrahydropalmatine as a Treatment for Nicotine Addiction (Doctoral dissertation). http://hdl.handle.net/10713/4614
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• Faison, S. L., Schindler, C. W., Goldberg, S. R., & Wang, J. B. (2016). l-tetrahydropalmatine reduces nicotine self-administration and reinstatement in rats. BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology, 17(1), 49. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1837031128?accountid=11667
• Faison, S. L., Schindler, C. W., Goldberg, S. R., & Wang, J. B. (2016). l-tetrahydropalmatine reduces nicotine self-administration and reinstatement in rats. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 17(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-016-0093-6
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• Su, H., Sun, T., Wang, X., Du, Y., Zhao, N., Zhu, J., . . . Yun, K. (2020). Levo-tetrahydropalmatine attenuates methamphetamine reward behavior and the accompanying activation of ERK phosphorylation in mice. Neuroscience Letters, 714, 134416. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134416
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• Zhang, Y., Sha, R., Wang, K., Li, H., Yan, B., & Zhou, N. (2018). Protective effects of tetrahydropalmatine against ketamine-induced learning and memory injury via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17(5), 6873. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8700
• Zhao, N., Chen, Y., Zhu, J., Wang, L., Cao, G., Dang, Y., ... & Chen, T. (2014). Levo-tetrahydropalmatine attenuates the development and expression of methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization and the accompanying activation of ERK in the nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen in mice. Neuroscience, 258, 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.025