User:Croquant/Archives/Swadesh lists/Hausa
Swadesh list of 207 words in English and Hausa.
Presentation
[edit]- For further information, read the article: Swadesh list
The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
- a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
- a reduced 100 words version.
This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikivoyage lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.
List
[edit]| No. | English | Hausa hausa |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | ni |
| 2 | you (singular) | kai |
| 3 | he | shi |
| 4 | we | mu |
| 5 | you (plural) | ku |
| 6 | they | su |
| 7 | this | wannan |
| 8 | that | wancan |
| 9 | here | nan |
| 10 | there | can |
| 11 | who | wa (interrogative) |
| 12 | what | me (interrogative) |
| 13 | where | ina (no movement, interrogative) |
| 14 | when | yaushe (interrogative) |
| 15 | how | yaya (interrogative) |
| 16 | not | ba ... |
| 17 | all | duk |
| 18 | many | da yawa |
| 19 | some | waɗansu |
| 20 | few | kaɗan |
| 21 | other | wancan |
| 22 | one | ɗaya |
| 23 | two | biyu |
| 24 | three | uku |
| 25 | four | huɗu |
| 26 | five | biyar |
| 27 | big | babba |
| 28 | long | dogo |
| 29 | wide | mai faɗi |
| 30 | thick | mai kauri |
| 31 | heavy | mai nauyi |
| 32 | small | ƙarami |
| 33 | short | gajere |
| 34 | narrow | mai ƙunci |
| 35 | thin | siriri |
| 36 | woman | mace |
| 37 | man (adult male) | mutum |
| 38 | man (human being) | ɗan Adam |
| 39 | child | yaro (boy), yarinya (girl) |
| 40 | wife | mata |
| 41 | husband | miji |
| 42 | mother | uwa |
| 43 | father | uba |
| 44 | animal | dabba |
| 45 | fish | kifi |
| 46 | bird | tsuntsu |
| 47 | dog | kare |
| 48 | louse | kwarkwa |
| 49 | snake | maciji |
| 50 | worm | tsutsa |
| 51 | tree | itace |
| 52 | forest | ƙungurmin daji |
| 53 | stick | sanda |
| 54 | fruit | ’ya’yan itace |
| 55 | seed | iri |
| 56 | leaf | ganye |
| 57 | root | saiwa |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | ɓawon itace |
| 59 | flower | fure |
| 60 | grass | ciyawa |
| 61 | rope | igiya |
| 62 | skin | fata |
| 63 | meat | nama |
| 64 | blood | jini |
| 65 | bone | ƙashi |
| 66 | fat (noun) | ƙiba, mai |
| 67 | egg | ƙwai |
| 68 | horn | ƙaho |
| 69 | tail | wutsiya |
| 70 | feather | gashin tsuntsu |
| 71 | hair | suma |
| 72 | head | kai |
| 73 | ear | kunne |
| 74 | eye | ido |
| 75 | nose | hanci |
| 76 | mouth | baki |
| 77 | tooth | haƙori |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | harshe |
| 79 | fingernail | farce |
| 80 | foot | ƙafa |
| 81 | leg | ƙafa |
| 82 | knee | gwiwa |
| 83 | hand | hannu |
| 84 | wing | fiffike |
| 85 | belly | ciki |
| 86 | guts | hanji |
| 87 | neck | wuya |
| 88 | back | baya |
| 89 | breast | nono, ƙirji |
| 90 | heart | zuciya |
| 91 | liver | hanta |
| 92 | to drink | sha |
| 93 | to eat | ci |
| 94 | to bite | ciza |
| 95 | to suck | tsotsa |
| 96 | to spit | tofa |
| 97 | to vomit | yi amai |
| 98 | to blow | busa, hura |
| 99 | to breathe | yi numfashi |
| 100 | to laugh | yi dariya |
| 101 | to see | gani |
| 102 | to hear | ji |
| 103 | to know | sani |
| 104 | to think | yi tsammani |
| 105 | to smell | sansana |
| 106 | to fear | tsoro |
| 107 | to sleep | yi barci |
| 108 | to live | yi rai |
| 109 | to die | mutu |
| 110 | to kill | kashe |
| 111 | to fight | yi fada |
| 112 | to hunt | yi farauta |
| 113 | to hit | buga |
| 114 | to cut | yanka |
| 115 | to split | raba |
| 116 | to stab | soka |
| 117 | to scratch | karce |
| 118 | to dig | haƙa |
| 119 | to swim | yi iyo |
| 120 | to fly | tashi |
| 121 | to walk | yi tafiya a ƙas |
| 122 | to come | zo |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | yi kwanciya (action), kwanta (state) |
| 124 | to sit | zauna (action, state) |
| 125 | to stand | miƙe tsaye (action), tsaya (state) |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | juya |
| 127 | to fall | faɗi |
| 128 | to give | ba |
| 129 | to hold | riƙe |
| 130 | to squeeze | matsa |
| 131 | to rub | goge |
| 132 | to wash | wanke |
| 133 | to wipe | shafa |
| 134 | to pull | ja |
| 135 | to push | tura |
| 136 | to throw | jefa |
| 137 | to tie | ɗaura |
| 138 | to sew | ɗinka |
| 139 | to count | ƙidaya |
| 140 | to say | ce |
| 141 | to sing | rera waƙa |
| 142 | to play | yi wasa |
| 143 | to float | taso kan ruwa |
| 144 | to flow | gudana |
| 145 | to freeze | daskara |
| 146 | to swell | kumbura |
| 147 | sun | rana |
| 148 | moon | wata |
| 149 | star | tauraro |
| 150 | water | ruwa |
| 151 | rain | ruwan sama |
| 152 | river | kogi |
| 153 | lake | tabki |
| 154 | sea | teku |
| 155 | salt | gishiri |
| 156 | stone | dutse |
| 157 | sand | rairayi |
| 158 | dust | ƙurar ƙasa |
| 159 | earth | kasa |
| 160 | cloud | gajimare |
| 161 | fog | hazo |
| 162 | sky | sama |
| 163 | wind | iska |
| 164 | snow | ƙanƙara |
| 165 | ice | ayis, galas |
| 166 | smoke | hayaƙi |
| 167 | fire | wuta |
| 168 | ash | toka |
| 169 | to burn | ƙone |
| 170 | road | haniya |
| 171 | mountain | babban dutse |
| 172 | red | ja |
| 173 | green | kore |
| 174 | yellow | rawaya |
| 175 | white | fari |
| 176 | black | baƙi |
| 177 | night | dare |
| 178 | day | rana, yini |
| 179 | year | shekara |
| 180 | warm | mai ɗumi |
| 181 | cold | mai sanyi |
| 182 | full | cikakke |
| 183 | new | sabo |
| 184 | old | tsoho |
| 185 | good | mai kyau |
| 186 | bad | maras kyau |
| 187 | rotten | ruɓaɓɓe |
| 188 | dirty | mai dauɗa |
| 189 | straight | miƙaƙƙe |
| 190 | round | mai da’ira |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | mai kaifi |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | maras kaifi |
| 193 | smooth | mai santsi |
| 194 | wet | jiƙaƙƙe |
| 195 | dry | maras laima |
| 196 | correct | madaidaici |
| 197 | near | kusa da |
| 198 | far | mai nisa |
| 199 | right | dama |
| 200 | left | hagu |
| 201 | at | a, wurin |
| 202 | in | a, cikin |
| 203 | with | da |
| 204 | and | da, kuma |
| 205 | if | in, idan |
| 206 | because | don |
| 207 | name | suna |
- Orthography :
No diacritics showing tones or length of vowels are used; orthography is the one currently used outside the dictionaries.
See also
[edit]Bibliography
[edit]- Hausa-English English-Hausa Dictionary (Nicholas Awde), Hippocrene Books, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7818-0426-4
- Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - ISBN 2-221-05947-6 (in French)
External links
[edit]