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David Drummond
[edit]David Drummond | |
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| Native name | David Drummond |
| Born | 1593 Scotland |
| Died | 1638 Spandau, Brandenburg |
| Buried | Riddarholm Church, Stockholm |
| Allegiance |  Sweden |
| Service | Foot |
| Years of service | 1617-1638 |
| Rank | Colonel, Major-General |
| Commands | Kalmar Regiment |
| Battles / wars | Polish–Swedish Wars 1621-1625 and 1626-1629
|
| Awards | Knighthood, enfeoffment |
David Drummond (1593-1638), was a Scottish soldier who became a Swedish major-general, colonel and knight. He participated in the Polish–Swedish Wars 1621-1625 and 1625-1629 during which he rose from captain to colonel of Kalmar Regiment and was knighted in 1627. During the Thirty Years' War Drummond also became colonel of a German foot regiment in 1632 and major-general in 1634. He died of his wounds as a Prussian prisoner of war in 1638.[1]
Polish–Swedish War, 1621–1629
[edit]Drummond, who was trained abroad, served as a lieutenant in the Swedish Life Guards in 1617. He participated in the siege of Riga in 1621, as a captain in the Östgöta field regiment, and in the fall campaign in Courland the same year. At the beginning of 1622 he was transferred to Johan Baner's newly formed field regiment, which was part of the army under Gustavus Adolphus which operated against Mitau. At the armistice shortly afterwards, the regiment returned to Östergötland. When Patrick Ruthven's field regiment was transferred to Livonia in 1625, Drummond became its lieutenant-colonel and commanded in Ruthven's absence. In the fall, Drummond's regiment was transferred to Gustaf Horn's army. In January 1626 the regiment was stationed in Kokenhusen. During the 1627 campaign, Drummond was commandant of Pillau. Infectious diseases ravaged the garrison, and before the end of the year Drummond was back in Kalmar to reestablish his regiment's combat capability. The drafting of new men took place under the auspices of Count John Casimir, and faced many difficulties; the Count had to transfer men drafted from Konga Hundred outside of Drummond's regimental area to his regiment. In the summer of 1628, Drummond's regiment was transported to Elbing; the regiment was then deployed with four companies in garrison at Marienburg and four at Dirschau.[1] [2] [3]
Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War
[edit]The Polish War ended with the truce of Altmark in 1629, and Drummond's regiment, which he now commanded as colonel, was eventually sent back to Sweden. Drummond became commandant of Kalmar and reorganized his regiment in connection with new discharges, whereby parts of Ruthven's former regiment were incorporated with his own. As commandant in Kalmar, Drummond was usually well informed and sometimes forwarded correspondence between the King and Count John Casimir. When Gustavus Adolphus entered the Thirty Years' War in 1630, Drummond and his regiment remained in Kalmar, due to King's mistrust of Danish intentions. At the beginning of the fall 1630 his men were sent home to their farmsteads. It was not until May 1631 that Kalmar Regiment was transferred to Pomerania. In a letter to the King of June 2, Drummond expressed his desire to accompany the main army during the mobile operations, but this did not happen. Instead, Drummond and his regiments was stationed in Stettin until the middle of 1634. He was said to be a stern but fair commander, and maintained strict discipline.[1] [4][3]
At the end of 1631, Drummond was ordered to raise a foot regiment through volunteer enlistment in Germany. It was an order which caused him great difficulties, but he seems to have had the regiment fully organized in the fall of 1632. When Johan Banér became field marshal in 1634, Drummond was comissionned major general of foot in his army, and participated during the end of the year with distinction in his campaigns. In June, Drummond forced the fortress of Krossen to surrender.[1] [3]
Pomeranian War
[edit]
During the troubling year of 1635, Drummond was for a time commander in Erfurt, where he had to suffer much from the attacks of the Saxons, and reported in Egeln personally to Banér about the actions of William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar. Towards the end of 1635, he seems to have been placed in Stettin again. Early in 1636, Drummond took part in Baner's and Herman Wrangel's defense of Pomerania against the Imperial Army of Matthias Gallas. Drummond complained in a letter to the Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna of his poor finances. Under Wrangel, Drummond participated with distinction in the conquest of Gartz in 1637, and subsequently became its commandant. When the city was taken by surprise by Brandenburg–Prussian troops in 1638, Drummond was wounded and captured. He was first taken to Kustrin. Drummond's last letter to Oxenstierna, dated Spandau 12 March 1638, is appended a report on the fall of Gartz. As a new colonel of the Kalmar regiment was appointed on 24 May, Drummond must have died before then.[1] [3]
Personal life
[edit]Drummond was born in Scotland in 1593, the son of David Drummond of Belliclone and Margaret Graham of Arbenie.[3] Drummond's grandfather was the second son of William, Master of Drummond, and the first of the house of Belliclone.[5]
He was married to Baroness Cecilia Spens, daughter of James (Jacob) Spens, Swedish friherre Spens and Agnes Durie.[3] The marriage had no issue.[5] In 1627 he was knighted together with Patrick Ruthven and Alexander Leslie. Drummond was in 1631 enfeoffed with the manor of Slevringe in Åtvids Parish, that he had held as an official residence since 1619. After his death it was held by his widow through a letter patent of 1639. His widow managed to bring his body home in 1643, and had it buried in the Riddarholm Church. After her death in 1645 Slevringe was forfeited to the Crown.[1] [6] [3]
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Kugelberg & Hildebrand 1945, p. 461.
- ^ Rudelius 1908, pp. 6-7.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Drummond, David."The Scotland, Scandinavia and Northern European Biographical Database. University of St. Andrews. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
- ^ Rudelius 1908, p. 7.
- ^ a b Drummond 1833, p. 162.
- ^ Rudelius 1908, pp. 7-8.
Cited literature
[edit]- Drummond, William (1831). The Genealogy of the Most Noble and Ancient House of Drummond. Edinburgh: A. Balfour & Co.
- Kugelberg, A. & Bengt Hildebrand (1945). "David Drummond." Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, vol. 11.
- Rudelius, Folke (1908). Kalmar regementes chefer. Skrifter utgifna av Personhistoriska Samfundet, 2.
Lists
[edit]Prison
[edit]https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rank_insignia_of_the_Argentine_Provincial_Prison_Service
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rank_insignia_of_the_Agency_of_Corrections_(ROC)
Customs Service
[edit]https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Customs_rank_insignia_of_the_Republic_of_China
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rank_insignia_of_the_Australian_Border_Force
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rank_insignia_of_Azerbaijani_Customs_Service
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Customs_rank_insignia_of_Belgium
Squeaky
[edit]Early life, World War 1 and the interwar years
[edit]Carl Eric Anderson was born in Jansberg, Sweden, on 16 October 1887. After graduating from high school and attending the Navigtion School at Stockholm, Sweden, where he qualified as master mariner, he emigrated to the United States in 1909. Anderson was naturalized in 1912, and was commissioned ensign in the United States Naval Reserve Force in January 1918 and promoted to lieutenant in December the same year. His service included duty with the Naval Auxiliary Reserve, West Coast, March-April, 1918, and aboard the United States Coast Guard Cutter Unalga from April 1918 to January 1920. Lieutenant Anderson was released from active duty in February 1920.
In civilian life, Anderson was employed as a sea captain in command of vessels in Alaskan waters; he was a licensed pilot in all ports of the Pacific Coast and Southeast and Southwest Alaska, including the Aleutian lslands. He was President of the Kodiak Island Fishing and Packing Company, operating a salmon cannery at Seldovia, Alaska.
World War 2
[edit]Lieutenant Commander March, 1935; Commander, 15 December 1942; Captain, October, 1944; and Commodore for temporary service, dating from 2 November 1945. He was promoted to the permanent rank of Commodore when placed on the Retired List of the Naval Reserve, effective 29 June 1948.·
Upon his return to active duty in October, 1940, Commodore Anderson reported to the Thirteenth Naval District, Seattle, Washington later being transferred to duty as Commander, Aleutian Patrol, Naval Air Station, Dutch Harbor, Alaska, in which assignment he served until September, 1943. For his service in the Aleutians, he received a Letter of Commendation from the Commander, Northern Pacific Force with authorization to wear the Commendation Ribbon, as follows:
"For outstanding performance of duty. Commander Carl E. Anderson, United States Naval Reserve, was on active duty with United States Naval forces in the Aleutians from December, 1941 to September, 1943. His long previous experience in Arctic waters and along the Aleutian Chain coupled with great energy,skill and loyalty made his services an important factor in the successful west ward movement of American forces along the Chain. His able seamanship and courage made his services of highest value in establishing the Naval Base at Adak, in operations during the battle for Attu, and in the occupation of Kiska. For his varied services as officer-incharge at Adak, as pilot, beach master, and Captain of the Port, he deserved high praise. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service."
Commodore Anderson served, as Convoy Commodore, Western Sea Frontier, San Francisco, California for the month of October, 1943, then transferred to similar duty, Hawaiian Sea Frontier, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii. For outstanding service in that assignment he received second and third Letters of Commendation from the Commander in Chief, US Pacific Fleet, for which he is entitled to wear two bronze stars on his Commendation Ribbon. The citations follow:
Letter of Commendation--Apamamn Atoll
"For distinguishing himself by meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services. He volunteered as beach master, in charge of beaches and the unloading of boats and landing ships during the occupation phase, after the capture of enemy-hold Apamama Atoll. By his exceptional ability in the unloading of ships, and by his fine personal leadership, he made possible the extremely difficult task of unloading heavy equipment and supplies over dangerous coral reefs without docks or unloading facilities of any kind. He personally improvised, from the few materials at hand, efficient methods for unloading rapidly the great quantities of heavy equipment and supplies necessary to maintain the Apamama Garrison and to build the air strip. His tireless energy and skill in this work were responsible for the comparatively rapid accomplishment of an otherwise slow and most difficult job, and contributed materially to the establishment of an efficient and self-sufficient American air base. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service."
Letter of Commendation - Eniwetok Atoll
"For distinguished service in the line of his profession. He was assigned duties in charge of unloading cargo equipment after the assault and capture of Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, 17-23 February 1944. By his exceptional ability and leadership, his vigorous personal supervision of the work, and his tireless energy and skill, he accomplished this task in a rapid and highly efficient manner, thereby contributing materially to the establishment of this advanced base. He is authorized to wear the Commendation Ribbon. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the naval service."
He was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for services during the raids on Saipan and Tinian Islands, and cited as follows:
BRONZE STAR MEDAL (with Combat "V")
"For meritorious achievement as Commander Beach master Group TWO during the assault and capture of enemy-held Saipan Island from 15 June to 6 July 1944, and enemy held Tinian Island from 24 July to 8 August 1944. Skilled in the performance of duty, Commodore (then Commander) Anderson coordinated the unloading of supplies and equipment at the beaches during the initial landings and, by his aggressive fighting spirit in the face of intensive enemy gunfire, contributed materially to the success of these campaigns. His leadership and devotion to duty throughout were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service."
From October, 1944 to April, 1945 Commodore Anderson served as Beach master on the staff of Commander Amphibious Group TWO, and continued to serve on his staff as Force Beach master when Vice Admiral Hill took command of the Fifth Amphibious Force in April, 1945. He was awarded the Gold Star in lieu of the second Bronze Star Medal with combat distinguishing device "V", and following citation:
GOLD STAR in lieu of second Bronze Star Medal
"For meritorious achievement as Commander Beach Party Group during the amphibious assault against enemy Japanese forces on Iwo Jima, Volcano Islands, from 19 February to 9 March 1945. A resourceful officer and capable leader, Commodore (then Captain) Anderson cleared the landing beach approaches of underwater obstacles, mines and wreckage and generally prepared the beaches for unloading. Despite heavy enemy gun and mortar fire, he maintained direct contact with beach parties and effectively coordinated their activities on all beaches. By a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of his field, Commodore Anderson as able to furnish effective assistance to the beach masters and to handle promptly and efficiently many difficult problems and unusual situations. In addition to keeping responsible persons afloat and ashore well informed of the conditions and suitability of the various beaches, he also advised them of the most practicable and expeditious means of evacuating casualties and providing troops ashore with necessary supplies, ammunition and equipment. Commodore Anderson's initiative and courageous devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service."
After the war
[edit]On 18 August 1945, Commodore Anderson reported to Headquarters, Thirteenth Naval District, Seattle, Washington, and was ordered in October, 1945 to duty with the Office of Port Director there, with the temporary rank of Commodore. His assignment from 7 March to 11 July 1946, when relieved of active duty, was Officer in Charge of demobilized shipping on the staff of Commandant, Thirteenth Naval District. He was then on inactive duty in the rank of Captain until his retirement became effective, 29 June 1948, when he was advanced to the permanent rank of Commodore.
In addition to the Bronze Star Medal with Gold Star and the Commendation Ribbon, with two bronze stars, Commodore Anderson has the Victory Medal (World War I) and is entitled to the American Defense Service Medal (Fleet Clasp); Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with six bronze engagement stars; World War I Victory Medal, and the Naval Reserve Medal and bronze star for length of service.
Commodore Anderson is a member of the Naval Reserve Officers Association, American Legion, and fraternal organizations.