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History

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...... During the 1960s, the organisation expanded rapidly in India sending acaryas as missionaries to other continents. In 1965 the "Ananda Marga Universal Relief Team" (AMURT) was started. AMURT later became an international NGO with many very active teams in the areas affected by natural disasters.[1][2][3] Ananda Marga's popularity in India put it in direct confrontation with the Communist Party in West Bengal.

In 1967, Ananda Marga headquarters came under attack by locals who were allegedly incited by Communist leaders.[4] Criticism of corruption in Indian government by acaryas of Ananda Marga also put it in confrontation with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. On 29 December 1971, Sarkar was arrested with false accusations (the truth will be established in a re-trial only in 1978 after more than seven years of imprisonment)[5] along with several acaryas for allegedly abetting murder of six former disciples.[4][6]. On february 12 1973 Sarkar was poisoned while in government custody at Bankipur Central Jail.[4][7] In protest of the poisoning, Sarkar refused to take food prepared in the jail, beginning a protest fast on an unfulfilled demand for an official inquiry into the poisoning. The fast began on 1973 April 1 and ended after Sarkar was released from jail (after acquittal) on 1978 August 2.[8] Under a declared opposition from the Indian government, Sarkar receives life sentence.[9] On 26 June 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared the State of Emergency suspending elections and civil liberties and banning Ananda Marga along with many other organisations. Some initiates immolated themselves to draw attention to the case, followed by many acts of terrorism that were attributed to members of Ananda Marga without ever having been shown the involvement of the Organization.

On September 7, 1990, Sarkar founded Ananda Marga Gurukula, an educational network and board of education for Ananda Marga Schools all over the world. The neohumanist education system has since then been developed and implemented on all continents under its supervision and guidance.

P.R. Sarkar died on 21 October 1990. Acarya Shraddhananda Avadhuta was elected from the body of purodhas as President of Ananda Marga Pracharaka Samgha global organization and Purodha Pramukha.[note 1] In 1996, the Supreme Court of India lifted the ban on government employees from being members of Ananda Marga.

See also

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References

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ He served in that capacity until his death in 2008.

Citations

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  1. ^ "Ananda Marga Disaster Relief". AMURT. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  2. ^ "Amurt ORG". Amurt.org. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  3. ^ "AMURT Italia - Volontariato Internazionale - Adozioni a distanza, donazioni, sostegno e volontariato". Amurt.it. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  4. ^ a b c Lewis 2011, p. 254.
  5. ^ The International Commission of Jurists (Geneva) and The International League for the Rights of Man (New York) (August 9, 1976). "Report on the Ananda Marga leader Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (Baba) in Patna, India" (PDF). Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  6. ^ Jones & Ryan 2007, p. 34.
  7. ^ "Religion: Violent Bliss". Time Magazine. May 14, 1973. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  8. ^ "40 Years Since Sarkar Was Jailed, Poisoned". Prout Global. January 2011. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  9. ^ Barker 1989, p. 168.

Sources

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  • Ahtrens, Wolfgang (1982), Die Weisheit der Tantralehre, Mainz: Dharma Verlag, ISBN 3-921769-04-3 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Ānanda Mitra Āc., Avt. (1981), The Spiritual Philosophy of Shrii Shrii Anandamurti: a Commentary on Ananda Sutram, DenverColorado: Ananda Marga Publications, ISBN 81-7252-154-5 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Ānanda Mitra Āc., Avt. (1986), Neo-humanist Education: Education for a New World, Ananda Marga Publications {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (1955), Ánanda Márga Elementary Philosophy, Ananda Marga Pubs, ISBN 81-7252-117-0 {{citation}}: Text "city:Jamalpur" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (1959), Tantra and its Effect on Society, Ananda Marga Pubs {{citation}}: Text "city:Bhagalpur" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (Ac. Vijayananda Avt. Editor) (1994), Discourses on Tantra, vol. 1, Ananda Marga-Ananda Printers, ISBN 81-7252-112-X {{citation}}: |first= has generic name (help); Text "city:Kolkata" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (Ac. Vijayananda Avt. Editor) (1994), Discourses on Tantra, vol. 2, Ananda Marga-Ananda Printers, ISBN 81-7252-112-X {{citation}}: |first= has generic name (help); Text "city:Kolkata" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (Ac. Narayanananda Avt. Editor, Ac. Vijayananda Avt. transl. from Bengali) (1985), Namah Shivaya Shantaya, Ananda Marga-Ananda Printers, ISBN 81-7252-098-0 {{citation}}: |first= has generic name (help); Text "city:Calcutta" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (Ac. Sarvatmananda Avt. Editor) (2010-originally published in Bengali: 1958), Yoga Sadhana, Ananda Marga Publications, ISBN 978-81-7252-245-2 {{citation}}: |first= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "city:Kolkata" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (1957–1981), A Guide to Human Conduct, Ananda Marga Pubs, ISBN 81-7252-103-0 {{citation}}: Text "city:Jamalpur" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Barker, Eileen (1989), New Religious Movements: A Practical Introduction, HMSO, ISBN 1-58391-824-8 {{citation}}: Text "city: London" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Bowker, John (2012), The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Encyclopedia.com {{citation}}: External link in |publisher= (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Bussey, Marcus (2010), "Education for Liberation. A Cornerstone of Prout", in Towsey, Michael & Karlyle, Jake (ed.), Understanding Prout – Essays on Sustainability and Transformation, vol. 1, Maleny: Proutist Universal, Australia {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Cheong Cheng, Cheong Cheng Yin (2002), Subject Teaching and Teacher Education in the New Century: Research and Innovation, Springer, p. 194, ISBN 962-949-060-9 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Chryssides, George D. (1999), Exploring New Religions, Continuum International Publishing Group, p. 370, ISBN 0-8264-5959-5 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Coyle, Gary (1985), Progressive socialism, Calcutta: Proutist Universal Publications {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Dalal, Roshen (23 November 2011), The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths, Penguin Books India, ISBN 978-0-14-341517-6 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Dharmavedananda, Ác. (1999), Travel with the Mystic Master, Singapore: Ananda Marga Publications, ISBN 981-04-0864-1 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Fukui, Haruhiro (1985), Political Parties of Asia and the Pacific, Greenwood Press, p. 357, ISBN 0-313-21350-X {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Galtung, Johan; Inayatullah, Sohail (1997), Macrohistory and macrohistorians: perspectives on individual, social, and civilizational change, Praeger, ISBN 978-0-275-95755-1 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last1= at position 1 (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last2= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Hermans, C.A.M.; et al. (2001), Social Constructionism and Theology, BRILL, ISBN 90-04-12318-0 {{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |first= (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Ishwaran, Karigoudar (1999), Ascetic Culture: Renunciation and Worldly Engagement, Brill Publishers, p. 9, ISBN 90-04-11412-2 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • John, Wilson; Parashar, Swati (2005), Terrorism in Southeast Asia: Implications for South Asia, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-81-297-0998-1 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last1= at position 1 (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last2= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2007), Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Infobase Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last1= at position 1 (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last2= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Lewis, James R. (2011), Violence and New Religious Movements, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-973563-1 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • MacDougall, Curtis Daniel (1983), Superstition and the Press, Prometheus Books, p. 446, ISBN 0-87975-211-4 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Maggipinto, Antonello (2000), "Multilanguage Acquisition, New Technologies, Education and Global Citizenship", in American Association for Italian Studies (ed.), Academic journal article from Italian Culture, vol. 18–2, New York: AAIS, p. 147 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (2010), Religions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last1= at position 1 (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last2= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Miller, Timothy (1999), The 60's Communes: Hippies and Beyond, Syracuse University Press, p. 108, ISBN 0-8156-0601-X {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Ng, Franklin (1995), The Asian American Encyclopedia, Marshall Cavendish, p. 669, ISBN 1-85435-677-1 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Prins, Herschel A. (2005), Offenders, Deviants Or Patients?, Psychology Press, p. 251, ISBN 1-58391-824-8 {{citation}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Sarkar, Prabhat Rainjan (Ac. Krsnatmananda Avt. Editor) (1991 third ed.), Microvitum in a nutshell, Ananda Marga Publications {{citation}}: |first= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "city:Kolkata" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1968), PROUT in a Nutshell Part 15, Ananda Marga Publications {{citation}}: Text "city:" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1957), Yogic Treatments and Natural Remedies, Ananda Marga-Ananda Printers, ISBN 81-7252-178-2 {{citation}}: Text "city:Jamalpur" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Vijayananda, Avt. (1994), Anandamurti As I Knew Him, Ananda Marga-Ananda Publications, ISBN 81-7252-072-7 {{citation}}: Text "city:Kolkata" ignored (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Online sources

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Further reading

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  • Ananda Marga Aa. Vv. (1973, 2nd ed). Teaching asanas: An Ananda Marga manual for teacher. Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 0-88476-000-6. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Text "city:Los Altos Hills" ignored (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Acarya Prasiidananda Avadhuta (1990). Neo-Humanist Ecology. Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 971-8623-12-4.
  • Avadhūtika Ānanda Mitra Ācāryā (1986). Neo-humanist Education: Education for a New World. Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 0-88476-007-3.
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (1995-6th ed). Ananada Marga Caryacarya, part 1. Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 81-7252-028-X. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (1987-4th ed). Ananada Marga Caryacarya, part 2. Ananda Marga Publications. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (1992-4th ed). Ananada Marga Caryacarya, part 3. Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 81-7252-154-5. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (1961). Ánanda Sútram. Ananda Marga Pubs. ISBN 81-7252-027-1. {{cite book}}: Text "city:Jamalpur" ignored (help)
  • Nandita, & Devadatta. (1971). Path of bliss: Ananda Marga yoga. Wichita, Kan: Ananda Marga Publishers.
  • Hatley, Shaman and Inayatullah, Sohail. (1999),"Karma Samnyasa: Sarkar’s reconceptualization of Indian ascetism”, in K. Ishwaran, ed., Ascetic culture: renunciation and worldly engagement (Leiden, Brill,Vol. 73, International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology),139-152
  • Inayatullah, Sohail. (2002) Understanding Sarkar: The Indian Episteme, Macrohistory and Transformative Knowledge. Leiden: Brill.
  • Tarak. (1990). Ananda Marga, social and spiritual practices. Calcutta: Ananda Marga Publications.
  • Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii. (1988). Ananda Marga ideology and way of life in a nutshell. Calcutta: Ānanda Mārga Pracāraka Saṁgha.
  • Sarkar, Prabhat Rainjan (1957–1968). Problems of the Day. Ananda Marga Pubs. ISBN 81-7252-019-0. {{cite book}}: Text "city:Jamalpur" ignored (help)
  • Sarkar, Prabhat Rainjan (Ac. Pranavnanda Avt. Editor) (1961–2001). Idea and Ideology. Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 81-7252-205-3. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help); Text "city:Kolkata" ignored (help)
  • Sarkar, Prabhat Rainjan (1957 first ed. in Bengali, 1983 first ed. in English). Yogic Treatments and Natural Remedies. Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 81-7252-178-2. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "city:Jamalpur/Calcutta" ignored (help)
  • Sarkar, Prabhat Rainjan (1982). The Liberation of Intellect: Neohumanism. Kolkata: Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 81-7252-168-5.
  • Sarkar, Prabhat Rainjan (1987). Neohumanism in a Nutshell, vol. 1. Kolkata: Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 81-7252-184-7.
  • Sarkar, Prabhat Rainjan (1987). Neohumanism in a Nutshell, vol. 2. Kolkata: Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN 81-7252-184-7.
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Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Ananda Marga Category:Yoga organizations Category:New religious movements Category:Religious organizations established in 1955 Category:Tantra Category:1955 introductions

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