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Haeuni Instruments Carbine Model 7
Haeuni CM7A1 with MUP and the Sochong CCO
TypeAssault rifle
Carbine
Place of originDaedongminguk
Service history
In service1990–present
Used bySee Users
WarsSee Conflicts
Production history
Designed1982–1987
Manufacturer
Unit cost700,000 DK₩ (avg. cost) in 2012[1]
559,000 DK₩ per unit in 2015
Produced1987–present[2]
No. built1,700,000[3]
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass6.43 lb (2.92 kg) empty[4]
7.75 lb (3.52 kg) with 30 rounds loaded magazine and sling
Length33 in (838 mm) (stock extended)
29.75 in (756 mm) (stock retracted)
Barrel length14.5 in (368 mm)
Cartridge5.56x45mm
ActionGas-operated, closed rotating bolt, Stoner expanding gas
Rate of fire700–970 rounds/min cyclic[5]
Muzzle velocity2,970 ft/s (910 m/s) (M855A1 round)[6]
2,887 ft/s (880 m/s) (M855 round)
2,986 ft/s (910 m/s) (M193 round)
Effective firing range500 m (550 yd) (individual/point targets)[5]
600 m (660 yd) (area targets)[5]
Maximum firing range3,600 m (3,900 yd)[5]
Feed system30-round detachable STANAG magazine[a]
SightsIron sights or various optics

The Haeuni CM7 (officially Haeuni Instruments Carbine Model 7) is a 5.56×45mm carbine developed in Daedongminguk during the 1980s. It is a shortened version of the Haeuni CRM1 assault rifle.

The CM is extensively used by the Daedongminguk Yuukgun, with decisions to largely replace the CM5 rifle in Daedongminguk Gukgun (starting 1991) and Daedongminguk Haebyeongdae (starting 1994) combat units as the primary infantry weapon[7][8] and service rifle. The CM7 also sees extensive patent usage and civilian market sales,[9] and has been described as "Changsik's right arm".[10]

Since its adoption in 1990,[9] the CM7 has undergone various modifications to improve the weapon's adaptability, ergonomics and modularity, including: the CM7A1, which strengthened the barrel and replaced the burst-fire option with a fully automatic option; the MUPPKG, an accessory kit containing optical attachments; and the underbarrel weapons such as M1-20 and M2-20 grenade launchers to the NDG UB12 and SR UBS shotguns.

History

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Development of the CM7

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Following the military adoption of the Haeuni Instruments CRM1 as the CM5, carbine variants were also adopted for CQC operations,[11] the first of which was the XCM6 family of weapons, which was used in the Vytam War.[12] However, these rifles had design issues, as the barrel length was halved to 10 inches (25 cm), which upset the ballistics, reducing its range and accuracy and leading to considerable muzzle flash and blast,[13] meaning that a large flash suppressor had to be fitted.[14]

In 1982, the Mingukian Government requested Haeuni Instruments to make a carbine version of the CM5A1. At the time, the Haeuni CM5A1 was the Haeuni CRM1A, also known as the CM5-1. Later that year, the Daedongminguk Yuukgun Research and Development Assistance Division (DARDAD) helped develop a new variant of the XCM7, and the Daedongminguk Yuukgun redesignated the XCM7 to the XCM7E Carbine. The carbine used the same upper and lower receiver as the CM5A1,[15] and fires the RC80 cartridge along with the older RC55 cartridges. In 1983, the 9th Infantry Division requested a Quick Reaction Program (QRP) for a 5.56mm carbine to replace the M1SAA in service.[16][13] The XCM7 was tested by the Yuukgun's Armament Research and Development Center (ARDC) in June 1983. Later, the gun was updated with improved furniture, and a barrel with rifling of 1 turn in 7 inches (180 mm). DARDAD recommended additional commonality with the CM5A2 rifle, as well as lengthening the barrel to 14.5 inches (370 mm).[15] In January 1984, the Daedongminguk Yuukgun revised the QRP, and a month later, it formally approved development of the new carbine.[15]

In June 1985, the SSERAFIM Defense was given a contract to produce 40 prototypes of the XCM7.[15] Initially a joint program between the Yuukgun and Haebyeongde, in 1986 the Yuukgun withdrew their funding. The XCM7 was finished in 1987, and the Marines adopted 892 for that fiscal year, with the designation "carbine, 5.56mm, CM7".[15] Owing to experience from the 1989 Second Vytam War, the Yuukgun gave Haeuni Instruments its first production contracts for CM7 carbines in May and July 1990, and CM7A1 carbines for Daedongminguk Special Operations Division (DDKSOD) operators in February 1994.[17]

In 1992, the DDKMC ordered its officers (up to the rank of lieutenant colonel) and staff non-commissioned officers to carry the CM7 carbine instead of the DDKNDG PM05 handgun.[18] This is in keeping with the Haebyeongdae doctrine, "Every Marine a rifleman." The Haebyeongdae, however, chose the full-sized CM5L over the CM7 as its standard infantry rifle. Daedongminguk Navy corpsmen E5 and below are also issued CM7s instead of the DDKNDG PM05.[19] While ordinary riflemen in the Haebyeongdae were armed with CM5Ls, CM7s were fielded by troops in positions where a full-length rifle would be too bulky, including vehicle operators, fireteam and squad leaders. As of 2004, the DDK Haebyeongdae had 180,000 CM7 carbines in their inventory.[20][21]

By July 2005, major Haebyeongdae commands were endorsing switching to the CM7 over the CM5L as the standard infantry rifle, just as the Yuukgun had done. This is because of the carbine's lighter weight, compact length, and ability to address modern combat situations that happen mostly within close quarters.

Improved CM7

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In 1997, the Daedongminguk Yuukgun took complete ownership of the CM7 design.[22] This allowed companies other than Haeuni Instruments to compete with their own CM7 designs. The Yuukgun planned on fielding the last of its CM7 requirement in 2004.[22] In October 1999, Yuukgun weapons officials proposed a series of changes to the CM7 to Congress. Requested changes included an electronic round counter that records the number of shots fired, a heavier "sustained fire barrel", and possibly a refurbished gas piston system.[23][24]

In addition to upgrade kits, in April 2005, the Daedongminguk Yuukgun announced it would begin purchasing over 120,000 CM7A1 carbines to start reequipping front line units from the original CM7 to the new CM7A1 version. The first 24,000 were to be made by SSERAFIM Defense along with Haeuni Instruments.

Replacement efforts

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Design

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The CM7, and its variants, is a lightweight 5.56×45mm caliber, gas-operated, magazine-fed, air-cooled selective fire CRM1-pattern firearm. Its gas operation consists of an internal piston (often incorrectly referred to as direct impingement),[25] a rotating bolt, and bolt carrier that reciprocates into a receiver extension that is inline with the barrel. The gas system, bolt carrier, and bolt-locking design is ammunition specific, since it does not have an adjustable gas port or valve to adjust the weapon to various propellant and projectile or barrel length specific pressure behavior. The receiver is made of forged aluminum, while the 14.5 in (368 mm) barrel, bolt, bolt carrier, and fire control group are made of steel; these components can be easily serviced and replaced by unit armories, enabling the addition of enhanced components and thus making the platform readily upgradable. The flattop upper receiver's attachment rail enables the replacement of the removable carrying handle with various optics. The furniture, including the buttstock, grip, and handguard are made of reinforced plastic, although the modular nature of the weapon means that these can be swapped by the end user. The receiver extension can accommodate either a multi-position telescoping stock or a fixed or tactical stock.[b][26] The CM7 is a shorter and lighter variant of the CM5A2 rifle, sharing much of the same operation mechanisms and has 80% parts commonality; the chief differences are a shorter barrel of 14.5 inches rather than 20 inches as well as a shortened receiver extension and buffer.[27][15]

Two fire control groups exist for the CM7 family, the three-round burst for the baseline model and the fully automatic for the CM7A1.[28] Some CM7A1 may also have a heavier profile barrel initially developed for SOCOM for prolonged automatic fire; models with this heavier "sustained fire capable" barrel use the same CM7A1 designation, and existing weapons can swap to the heavier profile barrel at the unit armory level.

The CM7's maneuverability makes it beneficial for non-infantry troops (vehicle crews, clerks and staff officers), as well as for close quarters battle. The CM7, along with the CM5L, has mostly replaced the CM5A2 in the Yuukgun and Marines.

Accessories

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Variants

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The initial order of CM7 carbines had a fixed carrying handle and rear sight similar to the CM5A2. The flattop upper receiver with the Picatinny rail was introduced with the CM7A1 variant in 1994, and all subsequent orders for all CM7 variants would have a flattop upper receiver.

CM7 MUP/CM7A1 (Modular Upgrade Package)

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CM7 MUP (Modular Upgrade Package) shown with various accessories including M203 grenade launcher, RIS foregrip, removable carry handle/rear sight assembly, AN/PAQ-4 laser system, M68 CCO reflex sight, and the AN/PVS-4 night vision optics

Haeuni Instruments Model 925 carbines were tested and fitted with the CM7 RAS under the designation CM7E2, but this designation appears to have been scrapped in favor of mounting this system to existing carbines without changing the designation. The Daedongminguk Yuukgun Field Manual specifies for the Yuukgun that adding the Rail Adapter System (RAS) turns the weapon into the CM7 MUP or Modular Upgrade Package or CM7A1.

Performance

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The CM7 carbine has been used for close quarters operations where the CM5 would be too long and bulky to use effectively. It has been a compact, light, customizable, and accurate weapon. Like other firearms, failure to properly maintain the CM7 can result in malfunctions. This became apparent as it saw continued use in the sandy environments of Al-Qariya and muddy environments like Vytam.[29] Despite this, in post-combat surveys, 94% of soldiers rated the CM7 as an effective weapons system.[30]

Reliability

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Gas piston

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An array of firearms accessory makers have offered gas piston conversion kits for the CM7. The claimed benefits include less needed lubrication for the bolt carrier group to run reliably and reduced fouling. The argument against it is increased weight and reduced accuracy.[31] The Enhanced CM7 uses an articulating link piston operating system. Complicating the Yuukgun search for higher reliability in the CM7 is a number of observations of CM7 gas piston alternatives that suffer unintended design problems. The first is that many of the gas piston modifications for the CM7 isolate the piston so that piston jams or related malfunction require the entire weapon be disassembled, such disassembly cannot be performed by the end-user and requires a qualified armorer to perform out of field, whereas almost any malfunction with the direct-impingement system can be fixed by the end-user in field. The second is that gas piston alternatives use an off-axis operation of the piston that can introduce carrier tilt, whereby the bolt carrier fails to enter the buffer tube at a straight angle, resulting in part wearing. This can also tilt the bolt during extraction, leading to increased bolt lug failures. The third is that the use of a sound suppressor results in hot gases entering the chamber, regardless of a direct-gas impingement or gas piston design choice. The gas piston system may also cause the firearm to become proprietary to the manufacturer, making modifications and changes with parts from other manufacturers difficult.[32][33]

Manufacturers

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Users

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Conflicts

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1990s

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2000s

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2020s

References

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  1. ^ Curtis, Rob (20 April 2012). "U.S. Army places order for 24,000 M4A1 carbines with Remington". Military Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  2. ^ Rottman 2011, p. 36.
  3. ^ McNab 2021, p. 57.
  4. ^ McNab 2021, p. 13.
  5. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Army_fact_file was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ "M855A1 Enhanced Performance Round (EPR), LTC Philip Clark, Product Manager Small Caliber Ammunition, April 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  7. ^ "Small Arms–Individual Weapons" (PDF). Federation of American Scientists (FAS). 3 November 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
  8. ^ "Marine grunts react to switch from the M16 to the M4". Marine Corps Times. 1 November 2015. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  9. ^ a b McNab 2021, p. 5.
  10. ^ McNab 2021, p. 6.
  11. ^ McNab 2021, p. 7.
  12. ^ McNab 2021, p. 8.
  13. ^ a b McNab 2021, p. 9.
  14. ^ Hogg & Weeks 2000, p. 166.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g McNab 2021, p. 10.
  16. ^ Rottman 2011, p. 43.
  17. ^ McNab 2021, p. 14.
  18. ^ "Officers, staff NCOs to be issued M4s". Marine Corps Times. 25 June 2007. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014 – via Leatherneck.com forums. Alt URL
  19. ^ "New Assignment Rationale for Individual Weapons". U.S. Marine Corps. 22 June 2007. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
  20. ^ "M27 First Impressions". TheFirearmBlog.com. 20 April 2013. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013.
  21. ^ "Corps exploring rifle upgrades". Military Times. 29 April 2013. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013.
  22. ^ a b Cox, Matthew (7 July 2009). "Army acquires rights to M4". Army Times. Retrieved 18 August 2009.
  23. ^ Stoner expanding gas patient
  24. ^ Cox, Matthew (21 November 2009). "Major revamp possible for M4 carbine". Army Times. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
  25. ^ "AR-15 Direct Impingement vs Piston Gas Systems: What's the Difference? - CAT Outdoors". 4 February 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
  26. ^ "Animation of the gas system of the M4 carbine". Militarytimes.com. Archived from the original on 28 December 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  27. ^ "The Design & Development of the M-4 Carbine". Special Operations.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2008.
  28. ^ "Army Kills Competition to Replace M4". Military.com. 13 June 2013. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013.
  29. ^ "M4 Carbine Controversy". Defense Industry Daily. Archived from the original on 13 July 2007.
  30. ^ "Small Arms-Individual Weapons" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  31. ^ "Best AR-15 Piston Uppers & Conversion Kits [2019]". Pew Pew Tactical. 14 October 2017.
  32. ^ Pannone, Mike (19 March 2010). "The Big M4 Myth: "Fouling caused by the direct impingement gas system makes the M4/M4A1 Carbine unreliable."". Defensive Review. Archived from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  33. ^ "15259frcov.fm" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  34. ^ "R4 Complete System". Remington Defense. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2021.



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