User:CollegeFreshmen/sandbox

Sandbox Practice

-Bold: Hello!

-Introduction: Welcome to my talk page! I'm a freshman at the University of Louisville and am in a Women and Gender Studies class this fall. This is my first time editing on Wikipedia so please feel free to comment and I'm looking forward to what you have to say! CollegeFreshmen (talk) 14:15, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

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Go Cards!

-Talk Page Practice: Comment on BlueWaterloo72's Talk Page

9/18/17, REDID

-Feminism has had a massive influence on American politics with 38 out of the 45 US presidents identifying themselves as feminists. [1][2] Feminism in the United States is often divided chronologically into first-wave, second-wave, and third-wave feminism.[3]

-Talk Page: Hello everyone! I changed the introduction section of this article but have reversed those changes back to its original state. This time, I just added a few words to a sentence to get rid of the awkward phrasing, so instead of it saying "feminism has massive influences" I added "feminism has had a massive influence." Let me know if you agree or disagree to this change, thank you.

-3-5 Articles: Feminism in the United States, School Uniform, Abortion

9/21/17

-New Goal: Add to the criticism section of the Wiki article.

-One resource that looks useful for illustrating critiques people have against feminist excluding certain groups is in Tina Vasquez’s article (inappropriate name for a magazine) entitled “It's Time to End The Long History of Feminism Failing Transgender Women.”

-Citation: Vasquez, Tina. “IT'S TIME TO END THE LONG HISTORY OF FEMINISM FAILING TRANSGENDER WOMEN.” Bitch Magazine, pp. 15–19.

9/25/17, REDID

-Contribution: These criticisms stretch into second- and third-wave feminism, which is dominated by narratives minimizing the role of women of color while celebrating achievements as a whole through the gaze of white female leaders. Consequently, by the 1970s and 1980s, African-American women, such as bell hooks, developed a social consciousness by publicly voicing dissatisfaction with black women's representation in feminist discourse. In 1989, the concept that African American women and women of color's fight for equality are not being represented in the feminist movement was given a name by Black legal scholar, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, in her essay "Demarganizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics," and that term is known was Intersectionality.

But some people think Intersectionality is not a solution, James Bliss stated: "A critique not only of feminism's long-standing and continuing normative whiteness but of the very liberal multiculturalism that the incorporation of Black feminism is taken to signify."

-Citation: Bliss, James. “Black Feminism Out of Place.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, vol. 41, no. 4, 2016, pp. 727–749., doi:10.1086/685477.

-Talk Page: Hello everyone! I just added a couple of sentences in the criticism section of this article introducing intersectionality because this section is referring to how women of color feel excluded from the movement and I wanted to touch base on this topic by introducing and later explaining everything that leads up to intersectionality so I just introduced the topic as a start. Please let me know what you think of my game plan for this section of the article, thank you.

10/3/17

1. Women's History Review: While Women, Anti-Imperialist Feminism and the Story of Race within the US Women's Liberation Movement, Say Burgin Burgin, Say. "Women's History Review: White Women, Anti-Imperialist Feminism and the Story of Race within the US Women's Liberation Movement." Accessed 2. Oct. 2017.

2. Black Feminism Out of Place, James Bliss Bliss, James. “Black Feminism Out of Place.” Academia.edu, www.academia.edu/25786876/Black_Feminism_Out_of_Place. Accessed 2 Oct. 2017.

3. Feminism Is for Everybody, except When It Isn't: Contemporary Gender Theory and Oppression in Development, Tecla Van Bussel Van Bussel, Tecla. "Feminism Is for Everybody, except When It Isn't: Contemporary Gender Theory and Oppression in Development." Undercurrent, vol. 10, no. 2, Fall/Winter2014, pp. 58-64. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=95273512&site=ehost-live.-Talk Page: My plan for contributions in this article is to introduce the topic of intersectionality and the different perspectives of the topic in the critique section.

4. Radical Others: Women of Color and Revolutionary Feminism. BEINS, AGATHA. "Radical Others: Women of Color and Revolutionary Feminism." Feminist Studies, vol. 41, no. 1, Mar. 2015, pp. 150-183. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=102182757&site=ehost-live.

5. Multiracial Feminism: Recasting the Chronology of Second Wave Feminism, Becky Thompson Thompson, Becky. "Multiracial Feminism: Recasting the Chronology of Second Wave Feminism." Feminist Studies, vol. 28, no. 2, Summer2002, p. 337. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=7535182&site=ehost-live.

-Talk Page: My plan for contributions in this article is to introduce the topic of intersectionality and the different perspectives of the topic in the critique section.

Annotated Bibliography for work on Feminism in the U.S.

Annotations #1

Citation:

BEINS, AGATHA. "Radical Others: Women of Color and Revolutionary Feminism." Feminist Studies, vol. 41, no. 1, Mar. 2015, pp. 150-183. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=102182757&site=ehost-live.

Annotation: Agatha Beins is an assistant Professor in the department of Women's Studies at Texas Women's University. Beins' book offers the history of how women of color have always been excluded from the feminist movement and analyzes the effects of this exclusion and why it's unsuccessful in fighting for the equality of all women. She makes some good points about how the feminist movement doesn't just exclude women of color, but how their social class causes more issues than their race. For instance, she makes the point that women fight for the legalization of abortion, the same women who have the money to pay for travel to a legalized abortion state and for the procedure. She makes some excellent points on how a woman's race is not the only factor that causes her to have issues in the fight for equality from men and other women. I plan on using this source to bring our examples of how a women's race and social status causes them to have more issues than white women and how the feminist movement isn't presenting those issues in the fight for equality.

Annotation #2

Citation:

Mary Joyce D. Juan, Moin Syed & Margarita Azmitia (2016) Intersectionality of Race/Ethnicity and Gender Among Women of Color and White Women, Identity, 16:4, 225-238, DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2016.1229606

Annotation: Mary Joyce D. Juan studied counseling and psychology services from the San Diego University and Margarita Azmitia from the department of psychology from the University of California. Juan's research paper highlights the concept of intersectionality by breaking it down into a psychological standpoint. She introduces the topic by stating the claim that women of color are more likely to be oppressed than White women by using examples, like harassment in the work force, to prove that this statement is true. She also states that the concept of intersectionality has always been around but wasn't given a name until Kimberle Crenshaw took credit for it and gives the history on how she came up with the concept we know today as intersectionality. And finally she provides a social experiment or a study that proves that women of color, combined with their ethnicity and social class, share unique experiences that can't be shared with those of White women. I would like to use the information gathered from this study to prove the point that women of color do not share the same experiences as White women and should therefore have their issues represented in the feminist movement.

Annotation #3

Citation:

Bliss, James. “Black Feminism Out of Place.” Academia.edu, www.academia.edu/25786876/Black_Feminism_Out_of_Place. Accessed 2 Oct. 2017.

Annotation: James Bliss is in the program of Culture and Theory for the University of California. Bliss's article introduces the idea that intersectionality is limiting in it's goals to fight inequality for women of color. He claims that intersectionality is a way for women to make themselves more oppressed than they really are and makes it seem like women of color do not want to corporate in the feminist movement. He believes that intersectionality is not a solution for women of color to fight for their equality and this introduces the unique perspective of people who disagree with the concept of intersectionality. I would like to introduces this author's perspective against intersectionality to represent both sides of this topic and add a criticism with the criticism section.

Annotation #4

Citation:

Say Burgin (2016) White Women, Anti-Imperialist Feminism and the Story of Race within the US Women's Liberation Movement, Women's History Review, 25:5, 756-770, DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2015.1132980

Annotation: Say Burgin is in the school of history for the University of Leeds. Burgin's article mainly focuses on how a women's race shapes her political activism. For instance, it says that White women are more politically active with social justice when there are numerous claims that White women don't fight alongside women of color. He demonstrates his claim by examining two groups of women and compare their efforts to the feminism movement from one another. What she reveals is that both groups were feminist but their looks affected the way people percieved their efforts for the same cause. This article seems to talk about how an all-white feminism is not the answer to fight for equality for all women and so, that same mindset should be used for groups like intersectionality. I would like to introduce this idea because it not only talks about how unsuccessful an all-white feminist movement is, but subtly claims that it's the same way for women of color.

10/12/17

500 Word Contribution:

In 1989, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, a Black scholar, wrote the essay "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics" and from there she came up with the term Intersectionality. Intersectionality is the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination and disadvantages. Crenshaw argued that Black women are discriminated against in ways that don’t often fit in the legal category of either “racism” or “sexism” because it’s a combination of the two categories. Intersectionality was created when Crenshaw realized several employment discrimination-based lawsuits and wanted Black women and women of color to have a way to fight back. One such case was DeGraffenreid v. General Motors who was filed by five Black women in 1976. The General Motors Corporation had never hired a Black woman for its workforce until 1964 because this was the year of the Civil rights Act was passed through Congress. Black women who were hired after 1970 lost their jobs quickly because of the 1973-1975 recession, black women who filed the lawsuit argued that they were last to get hired and the first to get fired. The court refused to allow these women to combine their sex-based discrimination and their race-based discrimination. Crenshaw observed the verdict from this ruling and noticed that black women had to choose if their discrimination was either based on gender or race, but not both. She argued that Black women are discriminated against in ways that don’t fit into society’s standards of oppression of either “racism” or “sexism,” and that’s why intersectionality was needed to identify this form of oppression. Crenshaw stated: “The goal of this activity should be to facilitate the inclusion of marginalized groups for whom it can be said: “When they enter, we all enter.” Intersectionality allowed Black women and women of color the platform they need to bring awareness to their issues in an effort for equality.

There are some people who do support the concept of intersectionality, claiming that it causes more harm for Black women and women of color to fight for equality. People like James Bliss stated: “intersectionality appears as a victim of its own success, which is to say its success is the very mechanism of its victimization.” Bliss claims that Black women who support intersectionality are only subjecting themselves to a more oppressed image and because of this, are having to fight for both the rights as women and the rights African Americans simultaneously.He also stated: “Intersectionality has largely been rendered as a crude topographical instrument, a method for locating oneself at the intersection of multiple discrete identities or more of oppression.” He compares how Black women in Back feminism only fought back against white-washed feminism, but women in Intersectionality are fighting for multiple causes simultaneously and the cause gets lost in the process. His main argument is that fighting for the rights of multiple identities at the same time is not an easy goal to accomplish.

10/16/17

Talk Page about Outline: Hello everyone! I would like to contribute to the critique section of this article so this is my plan. Let me know what you think, thank you! I would like to transition from the third-wave feminist time period to modern feminism by adding examples of how women of color have either made progress or are still hindered from the feminism movement. I would also like to mention the concept of intersectionality and then address opposing views that come with it.

•Intersectionality: I’ve already tried to start this but I would like to transition from black women being excluded to the history of intersectionality. I’ve already introduced how intersectionality was created. Now, I would like quickly give background information on how Crenshaw came up with the term, how it’s benefited women of color and address opposing opinions on the matter.

•Opposing Views: There are some people who are against the idea of intersectionality and I would like to present those views.

•Not Just Women of Color: I can’t just talk about black women, I’ll run out of things to say so when I’m done with analyzing intersectionality, I’d like to expand how exclusive the feminist movement is towards the LBGT community and Trans community.

8 Annotated Bibliography

Annotations #1

Citation:

BEINS, AGATHA. "Radical Others: Women of Color and Revolutionary Feminism." Feminist Studies, vol. 41, no. 1, Mar. 2015, pp. 150-183. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=102182757&site=ehost-live.

Annotation:

Agatha Beins is an assistant Professor in the department of Women's Studies at Texas Women's University. Beins' book offers the history of how women of color have always been excluded from the feminist movement and analyzes the effects of this exclusion and why it's unsuccessful in fighting for the equality of all women. She makes some good points about how the feminist movement doesn't just exclude women of color, but how their social class causes more issues than their race. For instance, she makes the point that women fight for the legalization of abortion, the same women who have the money to pay for travel to a legalized abortion state and for the procedure. She makes some excellent points on how a woman's race is not the only factor that causes her to have issues in the fight for equality from men and other women. I plan on using this source to bring our examples of how a women's race and social status causes them to have more issues than white women and how the feminist movement isn't presenting those issues in the fight for equality.

Annotation #2

Citation:

Mary Joyce D. Juan, Moin Syed & Margarita Azmitia (2016) Intersectionality of Race/Ethnicity and Gender Among Women of Color and White Women, Identity, 16:4, 225-238, DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2016.1229606

Annotation:

Mary Joyce D. Juan studied counseling and psychology services from the San Diego University and Margarita Azmitia from the department of psychology from the University of California. Juan's research paper highlights the concept of intersectionality by breaking it down into a psychological standpoint. She introduces the topic by stating the claim that women of color are more likely to be oppressed than White women by using examples, like harassment in the work force, to prove that this statement is true. She also states that the concept of intersectionality has always been around but wasn't given a name until Kimberle Crenshaw took credit for it and gives the history on how she came up with the concept we know today as intersectionality. And finally, she provides a social experiment or a study that proves that women of color, combined with their ethnicity and social class, share unique experiences that can't be shared with those of White women. I would like to use the information gathered from this study to prove the point that women of color do not share the same experiences as White women and should therefore have their issues represented in the feminist movement.

Annotation #3

Citation:

Bliss, James. “Black Feminism Out of Place.” Academia.edu, www.academia.edu/25786876/Black_Feminism_Out_of_Place. Accessed 2 Oct. 2017.

Annotation:

James Bliss is in the program of Culture and Theory for the University of California. Bliss's article introduces the idea that intersectionality is limiting in its goals to fight inequality for women of color. He claims that intersectionality is a way for women to make themselves more oppressed than they really are and makes it seem like women of color do not want to corporate in the feminist movement. He believes that intersectionality is not a solution for women of color to fight for their equality and this introduces the unique perspective of people who disagree with the concept of intersectionality. I would like to introduce this author's perspective against intersectionality to represent both sides of this topic and add a criticism with the criticism section.

Annotation #4

Citation:

Say Burgin (2016) White Women, Anti-Imperialist Feminism and the Story of Race within the US Women's Liberation Movement, Women's History Review, 25:5, 756-770, DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2015.1132980

Annotation:

Say Burgin is in the school of history for the University of Leeds. Burgin's article mainly focuses on how a women's race shapes her political activism. For instance, it says that White women are more politically active with social justice when there are numerous claims that White women don't fight alongside women of color. He demonstrates his claim by examining two groups of women and compare their efforts to the feminism movement from one another. What she reveals is that both groups were feminist but their looks affected the way people perceived their efforts for the same cause. This article seems to talk about how an all-white feminism is not the answer to fight for equality for all women and so, that same mindset should be used for groups like intersectionality. I would like to introduce this idea because it not only talks about how unsuccessful an all-white feminist movement is, but subtly claims that it's the same way for women of color.

Annotation #5

Citation:

Crenshaw, Kimberle. "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist eory and Antiracist Politics," University of Chicago Legal Forum: Vol. 1989: Iss. 1, Article 8. Available at: h p://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8

Annotation:

Kimberle Williams is an American civil rights advocate and a leading scholar of the field known as critical race theory. Williams’ article mainly focuses on the concept of intersectionality, how people can be oppressed by multiple identity, in this case being oppressed by gender and race, and why it’s important to realize this form of oppression and give it a name. She noticed this form of oppression when a group of Black women filed out a lawsuit against a motor company for being discriminated against joining the workforce for being both Black and women but the court said that they could either be discriminated against for being Black or for being women but not a combination of both. This article focuses on how Black women are oppressed for both their race and gender but intersectionality can be applied to any identity situation, like social class, religion, sexual-orientation, etc. and how it’s important for the more privilege group to notice these issues to help them in their fight for equality. I would like to use this article as the center of my contribution to describe intersectionality and illustrate the magnitude women of color face when fighting for the equality and how their issues are being ignored not just by individuals but politically.

Annotation #6

Citation:

Leslie McCall , "The Complexity of Intersectionality," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 30, no. 3 (Spring 2005): 1771-1800. https://doi.org/10.1086/426800

Annotation:

Leslie McCall is a Professor of Sociology and Political Science, as well as Facility Fellow at the Institute for Policy Research, at Northwestern University. McCall’s article critique’s exactly how to study intersectionality and breaks down the confusion to explain how to interpret intersectionality. She claims that intersectionality has introduced new issues and unintended consequences because it limits the range of approaches that can be used to study intersectionality. There are three categories in which intersectionality makes it hard for professionals to study it: anticategorical complexity, intercategorical complexity, and intracategorical complexity. I would like to use this article to help illustrate how intersectionality is a small fix when it comes to oppressed groups of women because it doesn’t fully solve the issue that these women have issues different from their White counterparts and they are not being represented in the fight for women rights.

Annotation #7

Citation:

Purdie-Vaughns, V. & Eibach, R.P. Sex Roles (2008) 59: 377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9424-4

Annotation:

Valerie Purdie-Vaughns is an associate professor in the department of Psychology at Columbia University, core faculty for the Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholars Program, and research fellow at the Institute for Research on African-American studies at Columbia. And Richard P. Eibach is an associate professor for Psychology at the University of Waterloo and focuses his research on social judgement with an emphasis on the study of construal processes, naïve realism, and egocentrism, but specially on the judgmental biases that influence perceptions of social and personal change. Purdie-Vaughns and Eibach’s article is a research study on how intersection of social identities based on race, gender, class, and sexuality can resemble a score-keeping board on which group has it worse but mostly focus if people with multiple identities, like a woman of color, white lesbians, black gay man, are better or worse off than those with single identity, like white gay men. Some researchers agree that people with multiple identities are disadvantaged and oppressed because each identity comes with its own set of oppression, while other researchers disagree and say that people with a single identity are more disadvantaged than those with multiple identities. I would like to use this article because they conclude that intersectionality is neglected when it comes to figuring out who is more oppressed so it’s helps prove that intersectionality does create a platform to help people who are underrepresented showcase their issues.

Annotation #8

Citation:

Davis, K. (2008). Intersectionality as buzzword: A sociology of science perspective on what makes a feminist theory successful. Feminist Theory, 9(1), 67-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700108086364

Annotation:

Kathy Davis is a professor at Utrecht University. Davis’ article talks about how intersectionality is one of the most important contributions to the feminism movement and how critiques are against it because they are confused about what the concept actually means and how it can or should be applied in feminism. This article highlights how successful the feminism movement has been because of intersectionality and the accomplishments made during its existence and argues against the opposing side by clearing up the confusions. I would like to use this article to provide examples of how intersectionality has been successful for women of color to fight for gender equality despite their race.