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Coastal aquatic environments often have organisms that destabilize sediment. They change the physical state of the sediment. Thus improving the conditions for other organisms and themselves. These organisms often also cause bioturbation, which is commonly used interchangeably or in reference with bioirrigation. [1]
Bioirrigation works as two different processes. These processes are known as particle reworking and ventilation, which is the work of benthic macro-invertebrates (usually ones that burrow). This particle reworking and ventilation is caused by the organisms when they feed (faunal feeding), defecate, burrow, and respire.
Bioirrigation is responsible for a large amount of oxidative transport and has a large impact on biogeochemical cycles.
Bioirrigation's Role in Elemental Cycling
[edit]Bioirrigation is a main component in element cycling. Some of these elements include: Mg, N, CA, Sr, Mo, and U. Other elements are only displaced at certain steps in the bioirrigation process. Al, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Ce are all affected at the start of the process, when the larvae begins to dig into the sediment. While Mn, Ni, As, Cd and Cs were all mobilized slightly after the burrowing process.[2]
Challenges to Studying Bioirrigation
[edit]When trying to describe this biologically driven dynamic process, scientists have not been able to develop a 3D image of the process yet.
New Mechanisms to Study Bioirrigation
[edit]There is a hybrid medical imaging technique using a position emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to measure the ventilation and visualize the pore water advection that is caused by the organisms in 4D imaging.[3]
- ^ Volkenborn, N.; Hedtkamp, S. I. C.; van Beusekom, J. E. E.; Reise, K. (2007-08-01). "Effects of bioturbation and bioirrigation by lugworms (Arenicola marina) on physical and chemical sediment properties and implications for intertidal habitat succession". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 74 (1–2): 331–343. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2007.05.001.
- ^ Schaller, Jorg (Jul2014). "Bioturbation/bioirrigation by Chironomus plumosus as main factor controlling elemental remobilization from aquatic sediments?". Chemosphere. 107: 336-343. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Delefosse, Matthieu (2015). "Seeing The Unseen—Bioturbation In 4D: Tracing Bioirrigation In Marine Sediment Using Positron Emission Tomography And Computed Tomography". Plos ONE. 10.4: 1–17. Retrieved November 10, 2015.