User:Chris from Mt Gravatt

City Electric Light Company Substations

Company Formation

In 1904 the Brisbane Electric Supply Co. renamed itself the Central Electric Lighting Co. (CEL). Growing demand resulted in CEL building a new power station in William St in 1910 with a capacity of 1.2MW, with the 0.5 MW plant relocated from Ann St in the same year and a further 0.7MW capacity added the following year. In 1914 CEL converted to AC generation, DC being used until that time.

Brisbane Tramway Co. History

In 1897 Brisbane Tramway Co. built Queensland's first significant power station at Countess Street, generating 0.9 MW @ 550 VDC, with capacity expanded to 4.05 MW by 1915 as the network was progressively electrified, as well as the construction of a second plant at Light Street with a capacity of 1.05 MW in 1913. A third and final powerhouse for the company was built at Logan Road, Woolloongabba in 1915, using two engine sets transferred from the main Countess Street Powerhouse to provide a feeding point to the tram network on the south side of the river.

The Logan Road Powerhouse was up and fully operational some time before 29 July 1915.

"Supply was also fed from the tramways 550 volt DC mains to a number of businesses along the tramway routes including butcher shops, sawmills and factories. By 1918 the whole of the tramways public power supply equipment in South Brisbane was sold to the CEL which developed a supply from its power station in William Street."

On 1st January 1923 the Company was made a trust.

City Electric Light Substations in Brisbane

In 1926, the CEL had 11 freehold properties in Brisbane: William & Margaret St (William St Powerhouse), Margaret & Short St (Main Storage Building), Boundary St (the CEL Headquarters and original powerhouse and later Substation No.1), Stanley St (Substation No.2), Stanley St (Substation near Ship Inn), Woolloongabba (Substation No. 21), Yeerongpilly (Unknown), Bulimba (the CEL Powerhouse), Logan Road (Substation No.5), McLachlan St (Substation No.21) and Browns Wharf Property (this was on the river next to the WIlliam St Powerhouse). Their most valuable property was their massive site at Bulimba, the site of the Bulimba 'A' Powerhouse which came on line in June 1926, replacing the William Street Powerhouse, which was slowly phased out, being fully decommissioned after one last operation in 1931.

Of their two Stanley St properties, one was a substation built by Brisbane Tramways Company near the Ship Inn (which was across Stanley Street from the dry dock) that took power historically from the Logan Road powerhouse to supply South Brisbane, and was sold to the CEL in 1918, and retained by them (when the tramways went to the State) as they had earlier picked up the Order in Council to supply the City of South Brisbane on 10 August 116. The other property was their Substation 2 near the Fish Board on the south bank of the Brisbane River (next to the Victoria Bridge).

"CEL substations were designed by commissioned architects, not the employees of the company. The choice of architect was to an extent dictated by the function of the substation, and the premises it served."

The last major substation project started by the CEL was the heritage listed Wellington Road Substation (No. 75), which was completed by the CEL's successor the SEA. The SEA upgraded the old CEL 5kV distribution network to 11kV (which is still in place today). By 1963, many of the original 5kV substations were no longer in service at all, with most replaced by newer substations. Only 19 substations built before Sub No.35 remained, with five major subs 2, 3, 5, 12, 21 and two consumer substations 17 and 28 the only subs remaining of the early CEL subs.

There is a UQ thesis on the topic of substations: "A study of the Architectural History of Brisbane Electricity Substations Before 1953, Christopher Osford-Jordan, January 1984, Thesis for Bachelor of Architecture, UQ".

Name	Original No	Address	Built	Details
Boundary St	1	156 Boundary St, Spring Hill	c1914	This was the old CEL Headquarters from 1914 until 1952, and also had CEL Substation No. 1 in the basement. The building was taken over by the Southern Electric Authority of Queensland (SEAQ) in 1952, and finally shifted the headquarters to 62-80 Ann St in June 1969. The buildings are now gone, with a shopping centre built on the site at Turbot St, Boundary St and Perry Lane in 2002. Substation No.1 was built circa 1914, and the decommissioning date was in 1949. The importance of the substation would have reduced dramatically no doubt with the construction of Substation No.62 at Charlotte St.
Stanley St	2	Stanley St, South Brisbane	c.1917	Likely built c.1917, as the CEL connected their first curstomer in South Brisbane on 4 December 1917. Located near the Fish Board on the south bank of the Brisbane River (next to the Victoria Bridge, on the South East Corner), this sub was located on the North side of Stanley St, in between Russell St and Glenelg St. Presumably the second Stanley Street Substation next to the Ship Inn overtook Substation 2 in importance (they seem to have both been operating at the same time). In 1973, in order to revitalise the fading wharves area, Clem Jones Park was created, by demolishing all buildings along the Brisbane River frontage south of the Victoria Bridge through to the Sidon Street dry dock. In 1985 this land was incorporated in the site for Expo 88, when essentially almost all properties between Stanley Street, Vulture Street, the railway and Russell Street were demolished and roads also cleared for the site of Expo 88. It was very likely that the Stanley Street Substation was destroyed in 1973, with the BCC Russell Street Tramways Substation and the other Stanley Street Substation next to Ship Inn were both demolished to make way for Expo 88.
Ipswich Road	3	207A Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba	1918-1920	Constructed sometime between 1918 to 1920. The CEL tender conditions pack for the building is dated from 1917. It is located next to the Princess Alexandra Hospital (the then Diamantina Hospital) Old photos exist of this building, which some similarities to CEL Substation No. 5. This site was also likely the source of power for Ipswich, and could have been the site for a 5kV/33kV Step Up Substation. Presumably it became obselete in the 1970s (this is indicated by SEQEB drawings), similar to other substations of that era. Building still exists and is completely surrounded by the Princess Alexandra Hospital. The modern Energex Buranda Substation is very close by.
(Unknown ?)	4	(Unknown ?)	?	No Details known. In 1963 when old Division 1 of the CEL / SEAQ was transferred to Brisbane City Council, there was no Substation 4 listed (2,3 and 5 were on the otherhand).
Logan Road	5	45 Logan Road, Woolloongabba	1919-1920	Designed 1918, constructed sometime between 1919 to 1920. Original architect unknown. H.S. MacDonald responsible for 1928 upgrade ? Heritage listed. The site is in the middle of a 5-ways intersection today, but previously had a railway and tramway either side. The construction of the Story Bridge ensured that the South Brisbane wharves would quickly become un-economical, and finally in 1960 the railway that had served the wharves was removed, with the tramways being closed down in 1969, and the South Brisbane Dry Dock also. In 1970 the remaining wharves were demolished and more of the area was changed to parkland.
(Unknown?)	6	(Unknown ?)	?	No Details known. In 1963 when old Division 1 of the CEL / SEAQ was transferred to Brisbane City Council, there was no Substation 6 listed (2,3 and 5 were on the otherhand). The current No.6 at West End was built in 1966 by the Brisbane City Council Electricity Department on vacant land transferred from the SEA in 1963.
(Unknown ?)	7	(Unknown)	?	No details known. In 1963 when old Division 1 of the CEL / SEAQ was transferred to Brisbane City Council, there was no Substation 7 listed.
Edward St	8	Edward St, Brisbane	1920-1922	This substation was an old DC Substation, and was manned permanently rather than automated. Similar to Substation No.1 it was located in the basement of a commercial building. Tenders were called in December 1919, so construction in 1920 likely, and operational 1921/1922. On 13 June 1930, BCC considered an extension of the substation. The substation was decommissioned in 1957 as part of a drive to change all power systems to AC. A new automated DC Substation was built at Substation No. 60A at the SEAQ's William Street Stores, which would be the last DC substation. Edward St Substation was then decommissioned, with the Canegrowers Building Substation (CGS/Substation No. 114) (a C & I Sub) occupying this location at 190 Edward Street, circa 1959.
Stanley St	12	Next to Ship Inn	??	Destroyed to make way for Southbank (similar to Tramways Substation No.2), with photos of the old substation available from Brisbane City Council's "Brisbane Images" website, which has a section on "Southbank before EXPO". According to Qld Energy Mueseum website: "Early in the 20th century a limited 3-wire 110 volt d.c. supply (presumably 110/220 V) had been given by the Tramways Company to areas of the South Brisbane, presumably the city rather than the suburb, from a substation in Annerley Road. Supply was from a motor generator set supplied from the Tramways Company’s trolley wires. Supply was later changed to a.c. at 5.5 kV from a 400 kW steam turbine set in the Tramways Company’s Logan Road Power House, with a step-down substation in Stanley Street near the Ship Inn. The Ship Inn was across Stanley Street from the dry dock. This supply was supplemented by 2 motor-driven alternators fed from the Tramways’ trolley wire system. After CEL were granted an Order-in-Council for South Brisbane, the whole of the Tramways Company’s public supply equipment in South Brisbane was sold to the CEL, probably about 1919 or 1920." This substation is numbered 12 in the 1963 transfer agreement of the SEAQ and BCC for the old Division 1 area. So the substation was likely built before Sub No. 2, being by the Tramways.
McLachlan St	21	McLachlan St, Fortitude Valley	1926-1929	CEL Substations 21 and 22 were upgraded in 1928/1929, to be the main northern and southern substations for the CEL, taking power from the newly constructed Bulimba 'A' Powerhouse at 33kV and converting it to 5kV to supply the local areas. The architect for the original control building is unknown. It was nearly identical to CEL Substation 22, with a brick control building, and a large outdoor 33kV switchyard fronting McLachlan St. Architect Herbert Stanley MacDonald was responsible for 1928/1929 upgrade. Substation No. 21 remains an operational substation with Energex. The construction of CEL Substation 62 (Charlotte St) would have been to relieve the pressure on McLachlan St. In 1956/1957, the Southern Electric Authority of Queensland (SEAQ) carried out a program of upgrading the distribution mains from 5kV to 11kV. This resulted in major upgrades to McLachlan St and Charlotte St Substation to 33kV/11kV Zone Substations. The November 1956 edition of the S.E.A. News shows that the outdoor 33kV switchyard and three cottages adjoining the substation were demolished to allow construction of two new buildings.
Woolloongabba	22	Logan Road, Woolloongabba	1926-1929	CEL Substations 21 and 22 were upgraded in 1928/1929, to be the main northern and southern substations for the CEL, taking power from the newly constructed Bulimba 'A' Powerhouse at 33kV and converting it to 5kV to supply the local areas. The architect for the original control building is unknown. It was nearly identical to CEL Substation 21. It was located very close to the Brisbane Tramways Company Logan Road Powerhouse, which was constructed in 1915 (before the tramways were sold to CEL in 1918, and then being sold to the State in 1923, who handed it over to the newly formed Brisbane City Council in 1925). With the construction of the New Farm Powerhouse in 1928, the facility became obsolete, but perhaps it was useful orginally to build the site close to the powerhouse. Brisbane Council had constructed their new Substation No.9 Victoria St, Wooloongabba on the part of the site previously occupied by tramways, to take power from the New Farm Powerhouse. Substation 22 was then developed by the City Electric Light Company (CEL), being energised on 15th June 1926, to supply the South Brisbane area, including CEL Logan Road No. 5 Substation which in turn supplied the 5kV system. Bizarrely then, there were three substation buildings in close proximity to each other. In 1956/1957, the Southern Electric Authority of Queensland (SEAQ) carried out a program of upgrading the distribution mains from 5kV to 11kV. This resulted in the need to construct Substation 75 Wellington Road which was built in 1954 and energised in 1957. Substation 22 was decommissioned in 1960, after more than years service, being replaced by the now heritage listed Substation 75 at Wellington Road which was built to a ‘modern design’ by Architect Herbert Stanley MacDonald. The site was not handed over to BCC in 1963, instead it was sold by the State in 1964 to an industrial business (York Motors), and in 1984 was later converted in commercial tenancies.
Stafford Road	24	Stafford Road Kedron	??	In 1963 when old Division 1 of the CEL / SEAQ was transferred to Brisbane City Council, there was no Stafford Road Substation at Kedron listed. The seat is clearly shown as a SEA Substation on BCC's 1965 Town Plan Zoning. "Also in 1928, a 33/5 kV step down substation with a 2000 kV.A transformer, taking 33 kV supply from this line, was built in Stafford Road at Kedron to provide 5 kV supply to Sandgate and Enoggera Shires."

Note: Dates given are generally from either Qld Energy Mueseum sources, or the UQ thesis by Osford-Jordan.

CEL had tried unsuccessfully for some time to obtain an Order for supply to the City of South Brisbane. It was not until August 1916 that they were granted one and not until the end of 1917 that the first supply was available there from their Substation 2 in Stanley Street near the Fish Board. (The Fish Board was on the south bank of the Brisbane River, next to the Victoria Bridge. The CEL board minute book entry of 4 December 1917 stated that the first customer was connected in South Brisbane today.[9] The first areas of Stanley, Grey and Melbourne Streets were ready by mid-1918, and the whole district was completed by September 1919. There had been delays by the Victoria Bridge Board’s requirement of a £5 annual fee to carry the cables over the bridge, and through the unavailability of materials because of the war.[10] Supply was the newly available a.c. supply from CEL’s William Street Power House. These South Brisbane consumers were the first CEL consumers outside the central city area to receive CEL supply, and probably the first to receive CEL’s new a.c. supply."

The Wellington Road Substation is approved by Council.

Brisbane City Council Substations

Name	Original No	Post 1963 No	Status	City Architect	Built	Details
Lang Park	6	206	Demolished	Alfred Foster	1928	The template for Harold Erwood's substations. It was upgraded circa 1972, to be a 33kV/11kV Substation with the original roof removed and the building extended, losing much of its original appearance. Circa 1991 the road widening for the Hale Street Ring Road required the demolition of the Lang Park Substation. The construction of Boomerang Street 11kV Switching Station allowed for this substation to be demolished, with the Milton Substation being constructed c2001 as a 110kV/11kV Substation for the area.
Victoria Park	4	204	Existing	Alfred Foster.	1928	Local Heritage listed Substation. The site was decommissioned in 1968/1969, with the construction of the new Victoria Park Bulk Supply Substation by Winter 1969.
Victoria St, Woolloongabba	9	209	Demolished	Alfred Foster	1928	No longer existing. In 1963, when Brisbane City Council took over the inner city area from the Southern Electric Authority of Queensland they inherited the Wellington Road Substation, which likely made Substation 209 largely redundant. In 1972, a BCC network map showed it as having the lowest amount of load of any BCC substation, making it a likely target for decommissioning shortly after.
Cairns St, Kangaroo Point	11	211	Existing	Alfred Foster	1928	Local Heritage listed Substation (Fully Decommissioned by 1995). In 1967, a BCC network map showed no substation 211, meaning it was likely already working only as a switching station at most.
Balmoral	12	212	Existing	Alfred Foster	1929	Original building designed by Foster and later expanded by Erwood. Existing, and operational local Heritage listed Substation (minor network role only).
Moorooka	13	213	Existing	Alfred Foster	1929	Original building was called Stephens (as it supplied the old Stephens Shire area). BCC Minute 1,277/1929 recommended that tenders be called "for a building similar to that in Lang Park" This substation was the first to be upgraded to a 33kV/11kV Zone Substation, with the site was expanded in 1942 to incorporate a 2nd building by Frank Gibson Costello. This was done in order to support the war effort, and a new 33kV/11kV Rocklea Substation was also built. The entire site is a local Heritage listed Substation. It is the only one of Foster's substation buildings that is in active use.
Kingsford Smith Dve, Hamilton	5	205	Demolished - c1960?	Alfred Foster	1929	Made redundant shortly after World War Two (Drawings for the new building are dated 14th May 1946) and replaced by a joint electricity and tramways 33kV Substation by Frank Costello. The new substation is located directly opposite the old one on Kingsford Smith Drive and is Local Heritage listed. The original building was then used to house records. It was demolished circa 1960, being the first of Foster's substation buildings to be destroyed.
Main Ave, Coorparoo	10	210	Existing	Alfred Foster	1930	State Heritage listed Substation (Fully Decommissioned by 1977).
Kedron	2	202	Demolished	Harold Erwood	1934	The original drawing of the substation is dated 1934. It did not look like the other Erwood substations. Site still occupied by a later operational 33kV Substation.
Holland Park	30	230	Demolished c1954	Harold Erwood	c1935	On 6th June 1935 it was reported that Brisbane City Council had approved the electricity department's recommendation to establish substations at Holland Park and Toowong. The original drawing of the substation is dated 1935. Replaced by an operational 33kV substation circa 1953, shortly after the City Architect Costello had been sacked, resulting in a less optimal scenic amenity outcome. On 29th July 1950 it was identified that Council was buying 33kV cable to connect substations to the proposed Tennyson Powerstation at 33kV, including upgrading the Holland Park and Toowong Substations. There was dire problems with Council keeping up with demand in 1950, with load shedding occurring on several occasions. The New Farm Power House and the 11kV system was no longer sufficient. Work was starting on the new Tennyson Power Station in May 1950, but in April 1951 Council was forced to obtain a 10,000kV package power plant to temporarily keep up with demand (the first stage was not complete until April 1955). In the 1952 election, with Tennyson consuming the Council budget, incumbent Mayor John Chandler was defeated by Frank Roberts, whose catch cry was "Utility before camoflage". He was determined to increase momentum in developing water, sewerage and electricity systems. It was against this backdrop that the decision to demolish the existing 11kV Substation Building was taken c1954, in order to upgrade the site to 33kV quickly. In 1958, when then BCC Chief Architect James Birrell made minor upgrades, the adjoining buildings were still houses. In 1980, some landscaping in an attempt to soften the view of the site, but this has since been removed.
Toowong	31	231	Demolished	Harold Erwood	c1936	On 6th June 1935 it was reported that Brisbane City Council had approved the electricity department's recommendation to establish substations at Holland Park and Toowong.Replaced by an upgraded operational 33kV substation in the mid 1970s, with the original 11kV control building demolished. On 26th March 1936 it was reported that Council had set aside land at Toowong for a substation. On 1st March 1939 it was reported that a worker fell to his death. On 29th July 1950 it was identified that Council was buying 33kV cable to connect substations to the proposed Tennyson Powerstation at 33kV, including upgrading the Holland Park and Toowong Substations. There was dire problems with Council keeping up with demand in 1950, with load shedding occurring on several occasions. The New Farm Power House and the 11kV system was no longer sufficient. Work was starting on the new Tennyson Power Station in May 1950, but in April 1951 Council was forced to obtain a 10,000kV package power plant to temporarily keep up with demand(the first stage was not complete until April 1955). It was against this backdrop that the decision was taken to upgrade the site to 33kV. Unlike at Holland Park however, Council was able to keep the original control building, and add a new 33kV building (although both were later demolished in the 1970s).
Nundah	37	237	Existing	Harold Erwood	c1938	The original drawing of the substation is dated August 1938. Local heritage listed substation, along with Newmarket it is one of two remaining substation buildings by Erwood that are still operational. In 1959 the substation was upgraded to a 33kV/11kV. On 9th November 1936 it was reported that Council were going to acquire land for a Nundah Substation of the Brisbane Gas Company. On 28th May 1937, Brisbane City Council proposes to build the Nundah and Newmarket Substations. On 8th March 1939 it was reported Council were creating another 11kV ring, including a link between the Lang Park and Nundah Substations.
Newmarket	38	238	Existing	Harold Erwood	c1938	The original drawing of the substation is dated 8th February 1938. This site or Nundah was likely his last substation building as substations 39 & 40 were by Frank Costello. Local heritage listed substatio nalong with Newmarket it is one of two remaining substation buildings by Erwood that are still operational. On 28th May 1937, Brisbane City Council proposes to build the Nundah and Newmarket Substations. In 1972 the site was upgraded to a 33kV/11kV substation.

On 29th July 1950 it was reported cable was being purchased to connect up the proposed Tennyson Power Station with substations at Holland Park, Rocklea, Moorooka, Sherwood, Taringa, Toowong, Ashgrove, Chermside and Geebung.

In 1951-1952 3 new substations were built at Sherwood, Northgate (?) and St Lucia.

By the middle of 1954, plans were afoot to create new 33kV/11kV Zone Substations at Camp Hill, Mt Gravatt, Geebung, Meeandah, Wynnum and Lota.

Costello's substation include the three World War Two era Rocklea 33kV Substation (Drawings dated 20th June 1941), Moorooka's 2nd Building for 33kV Supply, the original Queensport 11kV Substation (27th July 1944) and Eagle Farm Sewerage Treatment Plant 11kV Substation (4th June 1945). Shortly after World War Two, Costello completed the joint electricity and tramway buildings at Hamilton (Drawings dated 14th May 1946) and Ashgrove (10th June 1948-25th May 1949) Later on, Costello upgraded Kedron (4th Oct 1949), Queensport (19th Jan 1950), then did new subs at Sherwood (16th Sept 1948), St Lucia (8th Dec 1949), Wynnum (19th August 1949), Annerley (30 Nov 1949-23rd January 1950), Hendra (15th November 1950), Camp Hill (8th Dec 1950), Lota (15th Dec 1950) and Sandgate (25th Jan 1951)

Brisbane City Council Substations - Foster Era Building Details

Name	Original No	Post 1963 No	Contract No	Builder	Tender Acceptance	Tenders By	Details
Lang Park	6	206	10/1928	Builder?	1928	10 Feb 1928	There were six bids reported on 11 Feb 1928 - M.Doggett & Son (766), J.Macarthur (797) R.Taylor (817), W.R. Gaskell & Son (840), R.Taylor (863), H & G.A. Baumber (869)
Kangaroo Point	11	211	22/1928	Builder?	1928	1st June 1928
Victoria Park	4	204	24/1928	Albert Mason	1928	29 June 1928	Local Heritage listed Substation (Decommissioned)
Woolloongabba	9	209	??/1928	H.&G.A Baumber	19 June 1928	???????	H.&G.A Baumber was the builder due to being the lowest tenderer (586).
Balmoral	12	212	20/1929	H.J.Erb	1 Oct 1929	20 Sept 1929	H.J.Erb was the builder, due to lowest tender (762).
Moorooka	13	213	19/1929	Albert Mason	1 Oct 1929	20 Sept 1929	A.Mason was the builder, due to lowest tender (741).
Hamilton	5	205	25/1929	Builder?	???? 1930	10th Jan 1930	Was built by 29th April 1930. Albert Mason quoted 1032, while Hill & Brown quoted 1125.
Coorparoo	10	210	17/1930	Albert Mason	???? 1930	8th Aug 1930	There was 16 quotes, with seven under the departmental estimate of 500 pounds. Albert Mason of Thomas Street, Torwood had the lowest tender at 419 pounds and 19 shillings.

Controversy

Brisbane City Council Substations - Foster Era Controversy

Name	Original No	Post 1963 No	Site Details	Controversy Details
Victoria Park	4	204	The site was part of Victoria Park	This site is of course located in Victoria Park, and it was not to the taste of all.
Lang Park	6	206	The site was part of Lang Park	Details
Woolloongabba	9	209	The site was on Freehold property	Details
Kangaroo Point	11	211	The site is part of the Cairns St Road Reserve	This site is strangely located in a road reserve, which was considered not ideal at the time, and alternatives were to be investigated on 18 May 1928, although a week later the substation building went out to tender. It seems that the local residents were not supportive of the site for use as a substation., and perhaps they only found out about it reading about the tender info in the newspaper. It was noted by the Vice Mayor that the roof would be of red brick tiles, much better than an iron roof, and would only project 5 foot into the road reserve (although in the previous article it was meant to project 9 feet from the kerb into the road reserve). It seems that the protest were unsuccessful, and it does seem that given the need to take submarine cables from the powerhouse, that not many other sites would have been suitable.
Balmoral	12	212	The site was on Freehold property	On 5th February 1929, it was reported that the Balmoral Substation site was chosen.
Moorooka	13	213	The site was part of a park	This site is located in Stimpson Park, Moorooka. On 3rd Sept 1929, it was reported that the Government had approved use of Stimpson Park for part of the site to be used as a substation. Shortly after tenders were opened for the construction of the substation, it was reported that there was great local interest against the construction of a substation with the locals complaining that Council had not acknowledged their issues. The substation must have been constructed quickly... by 24th Jan 1930 they were ready to switch power in the area to the new substation.
Hamilton	5	205	The site was part of a park	This site was part of an unnamed recreation reserve. On 31st August 1929, it was reported that the Hamilton Substation site was chosen. ON 3rd September 1929, it was further outlined that a site selection process had been carried out, with the riverfront land the winning option. It must have been constructed quickly, as on 29 April 1930, the editor of Brisbane Courier was glowing in their praise of the finished product.
Coorparoo	10	210	The site was part of a park	This site was part of Langlands Park, and it was reported on 12th May 1930, that Council approved the use of the site for street lighting.On 22 May 1930, it was reported that Council approved going to tender.

DOCTOR WHO RECOVERED EPISODES

Recovery

Recovery of 1960s Episodes After Initial 1978 Audit

The following episodes have subsequently been returned to the Corporation through various methods.

The stories  highlighted  are BBC Enterprises broadcast prints recovered from overseas broadcasters. Except where indicated, all episodes were returned as 16 mm telerecording negatives or prints:

Doctor	Season	Story no.	Serial	Recovery			Source		Found With Other Doctor Who?	Year
				No Of Episodes Found	Episode #	Source Print	Source	Country
First	1	008	The Reign of Terror	4	Eps.1-3, 6	Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation	PIK	Cyprus	Aztecs (Eps.1-3), Web Planet (Eps.1-6)	1985
				1	Ep.6	Unknown (Suspected Sierra Leone)	Private collector, Bruce Campbell (return facilitated by Ian Levine).	United Kingdom		1982
				1	Ep.3		Private collector, Bruce Campbell	United Kingdom		1985
	2	014	The Crusade	1	Ep.1	New Zealand	Originally obtained by an anonymous private collector in the spring of 1974, who was tipped off that NZBC were dumping a lot of old films at the dump, as they were moving to their new premises at Avalon and needed to clear out their Harriet St store. The Lion was later sold/traded through a number of owners until it was sold to Bruce Grenville who was persuaded by Doctor Who fans Paul Scoones & Neil Lambess to loan it to the BBC.	New Zealand	None	1999
		017	The Time Meddler	4	Eps.1–4		NTV	Nigeria		1985
				3	Eps.1-3		Ian Sheward, a BBC employee, obtained the three episodes from another BCC employee, and eventually handed them over to Ian Levine.	United Kingdom	None	1991
	3	018	Galaxy 4	1	Ep.3	ABC	Private collector	United Kingdom	The Underwater Menace (Ep.2)	2011
		021	The Daleks' Master Plan	1	Ep.2	Unknown(Film print was removed from original can).	Former BBC employee, Francis Watson, who obtained them in summer 1973 from a random junk room at BBC television studios.Watson speculated that given staff from Ealing TFS were responsible for maintaining the viewing theatres for BBC Enterprises, and likely one the prints for personal viewing (most people did not have access to a projector).	United Kingdom	Ep. 5 of The Daleks (No other Doctor Who).	2004
				2	Eps. 5 & 10	Unknown (suspected to be ABC).	Delivered to the BBC by someone who claimed they had found them in a LDS Church basement (aspects of the story are unclear, but it is not known who left them in the basement).	United Kingdom	A few other BCC film reels.	1983
		024	The Celestial Toymaker	1	Ep.4	ABC	ABC - Episode had meant to be junked but survived due to being wrongly archived.	Australia	None	1984
		027	The War Machines	4	Eps.1–4		NTV (ep. 1, 3, 4)	Nigeria		1984
				1	Ep.2		Private collector (ep. 2 unedited)	Australia		1978
Second	4	032	The Underwater Menace	1	Ep.2	ABC	Private collector Terry Burnett (a retired former ITV engineer), who purchased the episodes in the mid-1980s, from another collector. In 1975, the ABC returned all eight broadcast prints of Galaxy 4 and The Underwater Menace to the BBC to be disposed of. Return facilitated by Doctor Who Restoration Team member Ralph Montagu.	United Kingdom	Galaxy Four (Ep.3)	2011
		035	The Faceless Ones	1	Ep.1	ABC	Taken from the ABC by a private individual, and later returned by his son via Ian Levine.	Australia	The War Machines Ep. 2 and The Chase EP. 1.	????
				1	Ep.3		Private collector, Gordon Henry	United Kingdom	Evil of the Daleks Ep.2	1987
		036	The Evil of the Daleks	1	Ep.2		Private collector, Gordon Henry (return facilitated by Paul Vanezis)	United Kingdom	Faceless Ones Ep.3	1987
	5	037	The Tomb of the Cybermen	4	Eps.1–4	Hong Kong (Rediffusion Television)	Returned to BBC by ATV	Hong Kong	None	1991
		038	The Abominable Snowmen	1	Ep.2		BBC Engineer Roger Stevens (return facilitated by Ian Levine). Stevens claimed to have purchased the films from a private collector.	United Kingdom	Six Other Episodes	1982
		039	The Ice Warriors	4	Eps.1 & 4–6	“BBC Enterprises Telerecording Cutting Copy”	BBC - These episodes were discovered in a cupboard at Villiers House (BBC Enterprises old premises) when the Corporation was in the process of moving out of the building.	United Kingdom	Unknown	1988
		040	The Enemy of the World	6	Eps.1-6	Nigerian (Radio Kaduna TV)	Radio Kaduna TV (Television International Enterprises Archive and Philip Morris facilitated return to BBC)	Nigeria	The Web of Fear Eps. 1,2,4-6	2013
		041	The Web of Fear	5	Eps. 1-2,4-6	Nigerian (RKTV)	Radio Kaduna TV (Television International Enterprises Archive and Philip Morris facilitated return to BBC)	Nigeria	Enemy of the World Eps. 1-6	2013
		043	The Wheel in Space	1	Ep.3		Private collector (David Stead)	United Kingdom		1984
	6	041	The Dominators	?	Eps. 1-5	ABC		United Kingdom	??	??
				?	Eps. 1-5	ABC	British Film Institute had complete sets of prints for The Dominators, The Krotons and The War Games which it supplied to Sue Maldon in 1978. In 2005 the Restoration Team again puzzled over the poor quality of the films and asked the BFI if they still had the master negatives, and they did. So BFI had originally been given both a set of master negatives and prints.	United Kingdom	None	1978 & 2005.
		047	The Krotons	4	Eps. 1-4
		050	The War Games	10	(1-10)

Sources of recovered episodes

National Film and Television Archive

Shortly after the junking process was halted and the BBC established its Film and Videotape Library for the purpose of storage and preservation, archive selector Sue Malden began to audit what material remained in the BBC's stores. When investigations revealed large gaps in the collection, Malden turned her inquiries to the National Film and Television Archive – which promptly returned three full Second Doctor serials – The Dominators, The Krotons, and The War Games, adding seven more episodes and completing two of those serials. These all were standard 16 mm film telerecordings with the exception of The Dominators Episode 3, which was a 35 mm print.

Episodes 4 and 5 of The Dominators originated from a foreign broadcaster, and had been slightly edited; the missing footage was restored later, through a mix of censor clips and more complete prints held by private collectors.

Overseas broadcasters that purchased missing episodes

Nigerian television has been a particularly fruitful source for episode recovery; a total of 15 out of the 50 episodes recovered since 1978 have been reclaimed from Nigeria, leading to the completion of three full serials (The Time Meddler, The War Machines, and The Enemy of the World).

The Reign of Terror

In October 1984, copies of "A Land of Fear", "Guests of Madame Guillotine", and "A Change of Identity", along with another copy of "Prisoners of Conciergerie" (which was already found in 1982), were found in Cyprus. They were duly returned early in 1985 and the recovery was formally announced in July of that year. Cyprus did not screen The Reign of Terror (broadcasts ended with the showing of episode 6 of The Sensorites on 25 November 1966). As a result of these episode recoveries only two episodes (parts 4 and 5, "The Tyrant of France" and "A Bargain of Necessity") remain missing; although copies of these episodes had also been held in Cyprus, they were probably destroyed in the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus. For the 2013 DVD release, episodes 4 and 5 were animated by Planet 55 Studios and Big Finish Productions.

The Tomb of the Cybermen

The Tomb of the Cybermen was prepared for release in early 1992 on cassette as part of the "Missing Stories" collection, with narration by Jon Pertwee. Then in late 1991, telerecordings of all four episodes were returned to the BBC from the Hong Kong-based Rediffusion company.

Between 1991 and 2013, the serial was believed to be the only complete story from Season 5 (and the only complete serial to feature Deborah Watling) before the complete run of The Enemy of the World was returned from Nigeria in 2013.

The Enemy of the World and The Web of Fear

Following months of rumours, in October 2013 a BBC press conference announced the return of 11 episodes (including two previously existing) from a television relay station in the city of Jos, Nigeria. In the course of his work abroad, Philip Morris of Television International Enterprises Archives had discovered episodes 1–6 of The Enemy of the World and episodes 1–6 of The Web of Fear and returned 11 of these to the BBC. Episode 3 of The Web Of Fear had been part of the find, but by the end of protracted negotiations for the return of the film cans, the episode had disappeared from the cache, with the presumption that it was sold to a private collector. The return of the nine missing episodes was the single largest recovery of Doctor Who episodes in 25 years, resulting in only the second full serial from Troughton's first two seasons to be restored to the BBC.

Both serials were promptly released on iTunes, with DVD releases following over the next few months. On both the iTunes and the DVD release, episode 3 of The Web of Fear was represented by a tele-snap reconstruction, edited by John Kelly.

Private collectors

Several episodes have been returned by private film collectors, who at some point acquired 16 mm film prints intended for sale to foreign broadcasters.

The Abominable Snowmen and Invasion of the Dinosaurs

Roger Stevens was working for the BBC as a film editor in the 1980s, and one morning, as he was travelling to work by train, he bumped into a BBC colleague and they began to talk about Doctor Who episodes. The BBC projectionist mentioned that he had nine episodes of Doctor Who that Stevens could buy for £25. In the summer of 1981, Stevens bought The Space Museum episode 1, The Abominable Snowmen episode 2, The Moonbase episode 4, Invasion of the Dinosaurs episode 1, and three episodes of Carnival of Monsters. Stevens then contacted Ian Levine to find out what was missing from the BBC archive; Levine confirmed that The Abominable Snowmen episode 2 and Invasion of the Dinosaurs episode 1 were currently missing.

Stevens gave these prints to Levine, who returned The Abominable Snowmen to the BBC in February 1982, although he held back Invasion of the Dinosaurs from the BBC for a while. This was later returned to the BBC by Levine in June 1983, who then made a copy and returned the original to Levine.

The Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror was recovered by Bruce Campbell when he attended a film fair in the 1980s and began chatting to a stall holder who informed him that one of his regular customers had in their possession The Reign of Terror episode 6. Campbell got in contact with the customer, bought the missing episode for £50, and then, in May 1982, donated it to the BBC through Ian Levine.

The Wheel in Space

In 1984 Doctor Who Magazine (issue #87) ran a story about a rumour of a missing Doctor Who episode that was in Portsmouth; this led to episode 3 of The Wheel in Space being loaned to the BBC in April 1984 by David Stead to allow for a copy to be made. It was released on VHS in 1992, with poor results. Later, the print was borrowed again, and a new copy made, using D3 videotape. Stead recollects that he had purchased the episode for £15.

The Faceless Ones and The Evil of the Daleks

In 1982, novice film collector Gordon Hendry purchased 16 mm copies of The Faceless Ones, episode 3, and The Evil of the Daleks, episode 2, from a film fair in Buckingham. At that time Hendry was unaware of the episodes' value (only one episode of The Faceless Ones and none of The Evil of the Daleks were known to exist).

In 1985, a cinema owner in Brighton persuaded Hendry to lend him the films, so as to screen the episodes for profit while the Panopticon VI convention was being held in the town. Saied Marham, an associate of Hendry's, visited Panopticon to generate interest in the showing, only to be dismissed as a hoaxster, and the screening did not go ahead. So Marham kept the films to himself.

After the event, Paul Vanezis spent 15 months attempting to retrieve the episodes from Marham. Eventually, in 1987, after Vanezis got the episodes back from Marham, a charity fundraising convention called Tellycon aired The Faceless Ones, episode 3, in tribute to the recently deceased Patrick Troughton.

In the following weeks, Vanezis and Ian Levine negotiated the return of both episodes to the BBC archive.

The Crusade

Although the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation received copies of The Crusade, it never broadcast the story due to a prohibitive rating from the censor board. After rejecting the serial, NZBC never returned its film prints to the BBC or actively destroyed them.

In 1998 collector Bruce Grenville purchased a 16 mm copy of The Crusade episode 1 from a stall at a New Zealand film fair, containing various material previously rescued from a rubbish tip. Through a series of chance meetings, the episode eventually was returned to the BBC in January 1999.

Galaxy 4 and The Underwater Menace

In 1975, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation returned all eight broadcast prints of Galaxy 4 and The Underwater Menace to the BBC to be disposed of. In the mid-1980s, former ITV engineer Terry Burnett purchased episode 3 of Galaxy 4 and episode 2 of The Underwater Menace from another collector, unaware of their value (the only extant episode of the former serial, and one of just two from the latter). In December 2011, after a chance encounter with Doctor Who Restoration Team member Ralph Montagu, Burnett returned the episodes to the BBC.

The Daleks' Master Plan

The Daleks' Master Plan was never sold abroad; only Australia requested viewing copies (excepting Episode 7, "The Feast of Steven"), and eventually declined to purchase the serial.

Three out of the serial's 12 episodes have been recovered. 16 mm copies of episodes 5 and 10 were returned to the BBC in 1983. Episode 2 was returned in 2004 by former BBC engineer Francis Watson. He had come across the film in the 1970s, while clearing a projector testing room at the BBC's Ealing Studios. Instead of disposing of the film as instructed, he brought it home – eventually to return it to the BBC when he realised the value of the material.

Incomplete recovered episodes

Of the 50 recovered episodes, several are missing short segments – due either to overseas censorship or to damage to the surviving film print. The following table shows all affected episodes, and the total duration of missing material.

Doctor	Story no.	Serial	Eps	Incomplete episode	Missing (mm:ss)	Reason missing
First	005	The Keys of Marinus	6	Episode 2	00:07	Film damage
				Episode 4	00:10	Film damage
	017	The Time Meddler	4	Episode 4	00:12	Overseas censorship
	018	Galaxy 4	4	Episode 3	00:27	Film damage
	024	The Celestial Toymaker	4	Episode 4	00:05	Cut from Film
	027	The War Machines	4	Episode 3	01:00	Overseas censorship
				Episode 4	00:08	Overseas censorship
First Doctor totals		5 serials			2 minutes 9 seconds
Second	032	The Underwater Menace	4	Episode 2	00:02	Film damage
	035	The Faceless Ones	6	Episode 3	00:20	Film damage
Second Doctor totals		2 serials			0 minutes 22 seconds
Totals		7 serials			2 minutes 31 seconds