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Description of the dials
[edit]
The Centenary clock has one large dial in the centre (1.5 m diameter). This dial shows the exact time (UTC+1, during daylight saving time UTC+2 is used instead). The twelve dials around the centre dial show the following (starting from the dial in the 2 'o clock position and going clockwise): the equation of time, the zodiac, the solar cycle and the dominical letter, the week, the globe, the months, the calendar dates, the seasons, the tides, the age of the moon, the phases of the moon and the metonic cycle and the epact.
The equation of time
[edit]This dial shows the difference in minutes between the apparent solar time and the mean solar time. Positive values indicate that the apparent solar time is ahead (fast) of the mean solar time, with maxima around november 3 and may 15. Negative values indicate that the apparent solar time is behind (slow) of the mean solar time, with a maximum lag around february 12 and july 27.
The difference is zero four times a year; around april 16, june 15, september 1 and december 25.
The zodiac
[edit]Every year the sun describes an imaginary circle around the earth, called the zodiac. The zodiac is divided in twelve segments, each denoted by a sign associated with a constellation. This dial shows the zodiac signs. The signs of spring; Ram, Bull and Twins. The signs of the summer; Crab, Lion and Virgin. The signs of the fall; Balance, Scorpion and Bowman. The signs of winter; Capricorn, Water-bearer and Fishes. One revolution of this dial takes a year.
The solar cycle and the dominical letter
[edit]The solar cycle is a 28 year cycle. After the 28 years, dates reappear in the same order. On the inner circle, the hand indicates the current year of the solar cycle. On the outer circle, the hand shows the corresponding dominical letter. The dominical letter gives the day upon which the first Sunday of the year falls. The letter A means that the first Sunday of the year will fall on January 1. The letter E for example, indicates that the first Sunday will be on January 5. Leap years have two dominical letters because the dominical letter changes end February. The first letter covers January and February, the second covers March to December. For leap years, the outer circle will show two dominical letters.
The week
[edit]This dial marks the seven days of the week, represented by ancient gods and their symbol.
| Day | God | Symbol |
|---|---|---|
| Sunday | Apollo | sun |
| Monday | Diana | moon |
| Tuesday | Mars | lance |
| Wednesday | Mercurius | golden staff |
| Thursday | Jupiter | flash of lightning |
| Friday | Venus | mirror |
| Saturday | Saturn | sickle and scythe |
The globe
[edit]The rotation of the Earth causes day and night. It is day on the part of the globe that is currently visible. The places on earth that pass under the fixed meridian (the golden belt running from the North Pole to the South Pole) have noon at the same time. The globe rotates once every 24 hours.
The months
[edit]This dial depicts the twelve months. The hand shows the current month. One revolution takes a year.
| Number | Month | Alternative name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | January | Ice-month |
| 2 | February | Duck-month |
| 3 | March | Fish-month |
| 4 | April | Harlequin-month |
| 5 | May | Flower-month |
| 6 | June | Shearing-month |
| 7 | July | Hay-month |
| 8 | August | Harvest-month |
| 9 | September | Fruit-month |
| 10 | October | Wine-month |
| 11 | November | Slaughter-month |
| 12 | December | Resting-month |
The calendar dates
[edit]This dial shows the exact date. The numbering goes to 31, the maximum number of days in a month. In months that have less days (28, 29 or 30), the hand automatically moves forward to the first day of the following month.
The seasons
[edit]The dial shows four drawings by Felix Timmermans, representing the four seasons. Spring is represented by a child with flowers (upper left). The duration of the season is indicated with arabic numbers for the days and roman numbers for the hours. Spring lasts for 92 days and 11 hours. The summer is represented by a mower and lasts 93 days and 8 hours. Autumn is symbolised by a cornucopia and lasts 89 days and 10 hours. Winter is represented by an old lady reading by the fireside. The duration of the winter is exact 90 days.
On the dividing lines between the drawings is a small globe indicating the part of the globe that is being lit by the sun at the start of the season. The differences in illumination during the year are caused by the Earth's axial tilt. The hand completes one revolution a year and shows the current season.
The tides
[edit]The dial indicates the tides at Lier, Belgium. The biggest ship and the flag without the streamer indicate high water. When the streamer is above the flag it is flood. It is ebb when the streamer is below the flag. At Lier, the water is rising for 3 hours and 53 minutes and falling in the other hours. This dial completes almost two revolutions a day.
The age of the moon
[edit]
The time between two full moons is about 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes. This is the time it takes the Moon to make one orbit around the Earth. The dial shows how many days passed since last new moon, indicating the day in the cycle of the moon and showing on the inner circumference the phases of New Moon (Dutch: Nieuwe Maan, N.M.), First Quarter (Dutch: Eerste Kwartier, E.K.), Full Moon (Dutch: Volle Maan, V.M.) and Last Quarter (Dutch: Laatste Kwartier, L.K.).
The phases of the moon
[edit]This globe, colored halve gold and halve blue with golden stars, shows the phases of the moon. The golden part represents the visible part of the moon.
The metonic cycle and the epact
[edit]The hand on this dial revolves once in 19 years. After this period, the different phases of the moon will fall again on the same dates in the year. The Greek astronomer Meton proved this in 432 BC. On the outer ring, the hand points to the golden number, or the number of the current year in the metonic cycle. The inner ring shows the epact, which is the age of the moon on the first of January of the current year.
References
[edit]Ceulemans, Luk (1980). Louis Zimmer. vzw Gilde "Heren van Lier"
Zimmertorencomité (1982). Stad Lier, zimmertoren en wonderklok
External links
[edit]- The Zimmer Tower
- Louis Zimmer and the Centenary Clock, at Famous Belgians