User:Choino/Pericyte

This is our proposal for the article on Pericytes. For now, Michael will be working on Definition, Structure and Components. Chris will be working on Functions. Jenny will work on Clinical Significances. Stephanie will work on Recent Studies.

Definition

Pericytes are connective tissue cells (also known as "Rouget," "mural," and "vascular smoothe muscle cells") that play an important role in microvessel support and endothelium proliferation

Structure and Components

Pericytes have a basement membrane shared with endothelial cells. This membrane contains invagenated "peg and socket" junctions rich in tight and gap junctions. Pericytes also express different markers depending on the location and function of the cell that can help to identify the pericyte.

Functions

Blood Brain Barrier

The Blood Brain Barrier is a group of vascular endothelia cells in the central nervous system that restricts ion and molecules from moving between the brain and the blood. It has been found that pericytes, along with endothelial cells, play an important role in the prenatal formation of this barrier.

Angiogenesis

When blood cell formation occurs, endothelia tubes form the initial vessels and are later remodeled by pericytes. These cells cause the original vessel to mature and stabilize and can also differentiate into several mesenchymal cell types such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts.

Antiapoptosis of Endothelial Cells

Pericytes are shown to release the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-w to promote the survival of vascular endothelia cells in the presence of cytotoxins.

Clinical Significance

Hypertension

Pericytes and their smooth muscle components may play a role in hypertension.

Hemangiopericytoma

A rare and possibly malignant vascular tumor, this soft-tissue sarcoma is caused by the abnormal growth of pericytes.

Diabetic retinopathy

This disease involves damage to the eye's retina, and we will explore pericytes' role in its development.

Alzheimer's Disease

Pericytes may play a role in this disease, as they can be found in excess in the blood vessels of the brain for afflicted patients.

Multiple Sclerosis

An autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.

Recent Studies

Pericytes and kidney fibrosis

Pericytes play a pivotal role in fibrosis of kidney cell

Endothelial and Pericyte Interactions

Abnormal interactions between the endothelial cells and the pericytes are connected to human pathology

Scarring

Subtypes of pericytes provide a major contribution to the core of glial scars after injury to the central nervous system

References

1.Pericytes are required for blood-brain barrier integrity during embryogenesis

2.Endothelial-pericyte interactions in angiogenesis

3.Pericytes promote endothelial cell survival through induction of autocrine VEGF-A signaling and Bcl-w expression

4. Hall, Anthony P. "Review of the Pericyte during Angiogenesis and its Role in Cancer and Diabetic Retinopathy." Toxicologic Pathology. October 2006. Vol. 34. 763-775.

5. Armulik A & Abramsson A & Betsholtz C (2005). Edothelial/Pericyte interactions. "Circulation Research", 97, 512-523.

6. Goritz C (2011). A pericyte origin of spinal chord scar tissue. "Science", 333, 238-242.

7. Kida Y & Duffield JS (2011). Pivotal role of pericytes in kidney fibrosis. "Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology", 38(7), 417-423.