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Rheometry (from the Greek ῥέος - rheos, n, meaning "stream") generically refers to the experimental techniques used to determine the rheological properties of materials, that is the quantitative and qualitative relationships between deformations and stresses and their derivatives.
The choice of the adequate experimental technique depends on the rheological property which has to be determined. This can be the steady shear viscosity, the linear viscoelastic properties (complex viscosity respectively elastic modulus), the elongational properties, etc.
For all real materials, the measured property will be a function of the flow conditions during which it is being measured (shear rate, frequency, etc.) even if for some materials this dependence is vanishingly low under given conditions (see Newtonian fluids).
Rheometry is a specific concern for smart fluids such as magnetorheological fluids and electrorheological fluids, as it is the primary method to quantify the useful properties of these materials[citation needed].
Rheometry of non-Newtonian fluids
[edit]The viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid is defined by a power law:[1]
where η is the viscosity after shear is applied, η0 is the intiial viscosity, γ is the shear rate, and if
- , the fluid is shear thinning,
- , the fluid is shear thickening,
- , the fluid is Newtonian.
In rheometry, shear forces are applied to non-Newtonian fluids in order to investigate their properties.
Shear thinning fluids
[edit]Due to the shear thinning properties of blood, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to assess the risk of aneurysms. Using High-Resolution solution strategies, the results when using non-Newtonian rheology were found to be negligible[2].
Shear thickening fluids
[edit]A method for testing the behavior of shear thickening fluids is stochastic rotation dynamics-molecular dynamics (SRD-MD)[3]. The colloidal particles of a shear thickening fluid are simulated, and shear is applied. These particles create hydroclusters which exert a drag force resisting flow [3].
See also
[edit]- Rheometer
- Fluid mechanics
- Continuum mechanics
- Rheology
- Smart fluid
- Ferrofluid
- Magnetorheological fluid
- Electrorheological fluid
- Dynamic shear rheometer
References
[edit]- ^ Antonsik, A.; Gluszek, M.; Zurowski, R.; Szafran, M. (June 2017). "Influence of carrier fluid on the electrokinetic and rheological properties of shear thickening fluids". Ceramics International. 43. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.06.092.
- ^ Khan, M.; Steinman, D.; Valen-Sendstad, K. (September 2016). "Non‐Newtonian versus numerical rheology: Practical impact of shear‐thinning on the prediction of stable and unstable flows in intracranial aneurysms". International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. 33. doi:10.1002/cnm.2836.
- ^ a b Chen, Kaihui; Wang, Yu; Xuan, Shouhu; Gong, Xinglong (March 2017). "A hybrid molecular dynamics study on the non-Newtonian rheological behaviors of shear thickening fluid". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 497. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.038.