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Viral Oncolysis Studies with a Metastatic Human Tumor in Chicks
[edit]Chester M. Southam, in his article “Viral Oncolysis Studies with a Metastatic Human Tumor in Chicks,” entails the methodologies and the results obtained from the various experiments related to human tumors in chicks. [1] Specifically, he refers to an experiment that cancer researchers Dagg and Karnofsky conducted, in which they found that the human epidermoid carcinoma (H. Ep. #3) growing on chickens’ eggs’ chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) would metastasize in the embryo.[1] In other words, the chicks would be born with metastatic human cancer.[1] The cancer researchers believe that this information has the potential to significantly advance the study of viral oncolysis.[1]
Segments of H. Ep. #3 are placed on the eggs and after hatching, the egg shells were examined to see if CAM tutors grew. [1] If the tumors were not found, then the chicks were discarded.[1] On the other hand, if the tumors existed, then they were carefully measured.[1] Because of the differences in the sizes of tumors, the researchers initially believed that there was a correlation between tumor size and the development of metastasis.[1] However, the correlation was proved insignificant.[1] In fact, one result demonstrated that there was not even a correlation between tumor size and the chicks’ lifespan.[1] That said, sixty percent of the chicks that had CAM tumors died before day 35 of the experiment.[1]
Several viruses were tested to determine their effects on the chickens’ survival rate.[1] It turns out that H. Ep. #3 slightly increased the survival rate of the chickens, suggesting that it may be an effective virus to use.[1] However, the article reiterates that due to the many factors during an experiment, few conclusions can be accurately drawn.[1]
Several viruses that bear the potential to infect chickens were also carefully examined.[1] Viruses such as Mengo, Bunyamwera, and Semliki Forest showed no antitumor effect.[1] Nonetheless, Egypt 101, through tissue culture of the H. Ep. #3 cell, caused an apparent increase in survival rate.[1] This informs the researchers that the virus exists in higher concentrations in tumors than it does in regular tissue.[1]