https://www.cubamilitar.org/wiki/Comandante_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Cubana

Commander of the Cuban Revolution was the highest rank awarded among the revolutionary forces of the Rebel Army during the War of National Liberation . To differentiate themselves from the ambitions of Army officers to rise and occupy high ranks, the rebels refrained from having senior officer ranks, such as Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel, and General.

After the revolutionary triumph, the formation and expansion of the Revolutionary Armed Forces to hundreds of thousands of men, this custom of commanders created great organizational problems and confusion, since each unit was commanded by a Commander (Brigade Commander, Division Commander , etc).

In 1976 this custom was abolished, passing to the normal ranks of colonels and generals, partly under Soviet pressure, which had also passed and eliminated this custom from its Bolshevik era.

Since then the term "Commander of the Revolution" remained for those, who had been promoted to Commander before the revolution (until 1958), and some of those who received it in the first months of 1959.

For Fidel Castro, the rank of Commander-in-Chief , an official rank of the Revolutionary Armed Forces and a historic title remained .

The list of the Commanders of the Cuban Revolution is as follows (in alphabetical order):

Juan Almeida Bosque (1927-2009)
Camilo Cienfuegos (1932-1959)
Huber Matos (1918-2014)
Manuel Piñeiro Losada (1933-1998)
Juan Abrantes Fernandez
Armando Acosta Cordero
Juan Vitalio Acuña Núñez
Juan Almeida Bosque - Chief of the 3rd Eastern Front "Mario Muñoz" ( February 17 , 1927 - September 11 , 2009 )
Angel Ameijeiras Delgado
Efigenio Ameijeiras Delgado - Second Eastern Front "Frank País"
José Argibais - Second Chief of the V Eastern Front
Lazaro Asencio
Miguel Beatón - shot on July 15 , 1960
Víctor Bordón Machado - Second National Front of the Escambray
Francisco (Paco) Cabrera Pupo - Chief of Fidel Castro's bodyguard , accidentally killed in Caracas January 23 , 1959
Gaspar brooks
Julio Camacho Aguilera
Gilberto Carrero placeholder image
Ernesto Casillas
Humberto Castello
Ramon Carneaux Machado
Julio Casas Regueiro
Senén Casas Regueiro
Bellarmine Castilla Mas
Fidel Castro Ruz - Commander in Chief, Head of Column No. 1 "José Martí"
Raúl Castro Ruz - Chief of the 2nd Eastern Front "Frank País"
Raúl Chibás Rivas - Brother of the orthodox politician Eduardo Chibás, he fled Cuba in August 1960.
Faure Chomón Mediavilla - Second National Front of the Escambray, of the Revolutionary Directorate "March 13"
Gilberto Cervantes
Raúl Chibás
Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán - Head of Column N ° 2 "Antonio Maceo"
Abelardo Colomé Ibarra
Jaime Costa
Luis Crespo Castro
Braulio Coroneaux - Posthumous promotion
Rolando Cubela Secades - Second National Front of the Escambray
Andrés Cuevas - Posthumous promotion
Raul Curbelo
René de los Santos Ponce - Head of Column 10 "René Ramos Latour" († April 4 , 2007 )
Raúl Díaz Naranjo - Shot on August 15 , 1964
Raúl Díaz Torres - exiled
José Duarte Comas († Havana, February 4 , 2014 , at age 76).
Felix Duque de Estrada
Anibal Escalante
Derminio Escalona Alonso († February 5 , 2009 )
Juan Escalona
Manuel 'Piti' Fajardo Rivero - doctor, killed in ambush November 29 , 1961
Eduardo Waldo 'Rodriguez Fernandez - founder and operator Radio Rebel († 25 August of the 2003 )
Oscar Fernández Mel - physician
Carlos Figueredo Rosales - Directory March 13, committed suicide on March 26 of the 2009
Angel Frias
William Galvez Rodriguez
Guillermo Garcia Frías
Calixto Garcia Martinez
Delio Gómez Ochoa - Head of the IV Eastern Front "Simón Bolívar"
Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna - Head of Column 8 "Ciro Redondo"
Eloy Gutiérrez Menoyo - Second National Front of the Escambray
Carlos Iglesias Fonseca
Joel Iglesias
Reinerio Jiménez
Juan Ramón López Fleitas (posthumous)
Ricardo Lorie
Antonio Enrique Lussón Battle
Augusto Martínez Sánchez
Julio Martínez Paz
Huber Matos Benítez Head of Column N ° 9 "Antonio Guiteras" and political prisoner for 20 years (1918-2014)
Raúl Menéndez Tomassevich († August 17 , 2001 )
Pedro Miret
Demetrio "Villa" Montseny Vaca
Victor Mora Pérez
William Alexander Morgan - Second National Front of the Escambray, shot March 11 , 1961
Ramon Paz Cuevas
Felix Lugerio Pena Diaz
Manuel Nogueira Ramos
Filiberto Olivera Moya
Ramón Paz Borroto - killed in action July 28 , 1958 .
Félix Lugerio Pena Díaz - President of the Revolutionary Court in the Trial of Fulgencio Batista's Airmen in Santiago de Cuba, 1959
Crescencio Pérez - Column 7
Faustino Pérez Hernández († December 24 , 1992 )
Walfrido perez
Manuel Piñeiro Losada - Second Eastern Front "Frank País" ( March 14 , 1933 - March 11 , 1998 )
Plinio Prieto Ruiz - shot October 12 , 1960
Jose Quevedo
René Ramos Latour - killed in action July 30 , 1958
Ciro Redondo García - posthumous promotion
Horacio Rodriguez Hernandez
Luis Orlando Rodríguez Rodríguez - journalist, († January 26 , 1989 )
Samuel Rodiles Planas
René Rodríguez Cruz
Aldo Santamaria
Universo Sánchez Alvarez († Havana, 14 August of the 2012 at 93)
Guillermo 'Lalo' Sardiñas - priest († December 21 , 1964 )
Jorge Serguera († February 3 , 2009 )
Humberto Sorí Marín - auditor, shot on April 20 , 1961
Félix Torres González († August 5 , 2008 )
Ramiro Valdés Menéndez
René Vallejo Ortiz - doctor († August 14 , 1969 )
Aldo Vera Serafín - After 1959 he conspired against Castro together with Commander Humberto Sorí Marín, after his execution he took refuge in the United States. He was assassinated on 25 of October of 1976 in Puerto Rico, according to one version, possibly by the intelligence services of Cuba
Roberto Verdaguer , Fidel Castro's private pilot after Diaz Lanz fled, flees to the United States in 1961 in a plane with his twin brother Guillermo.

Promoted to Commander after the triumph of the revolution

Pedro Luis Díaz Lanz - Promoted after the revolution, Chief of the Revolutionary Air Force in 1959, personal pilot of Fidel Castro . He fled to the United States in 1959.
Cristino Naranjo , assassinated on November 12 , 1959 , posthumously promoted to Commander.
Eduardo Bernabé Ordaz - physician, promoted on January 1 , 1959 . Director of Mazorra. († May 21 , 2006 )
Domingo René García Collazo . He was disabled when he lost both legs when he tried to plant a bomb on June 12, 1957. On January 17, 1959, on a visit to Artemisa, Fidel Castro promoted him to Commander and appointed him second chief of the Pinar del Río regiment, whose chief It was Commander Juan Escalona.
Antonio Sanchez Diaz 'Pinares' - promoted the 4 of January of 1959 (Pinar de Rio 7 of December of 1927 - Bolivia 2 of June of 1967 ). Killed in action in Bolivia in the guerrilla of Ernesto Che Guevara .

Historic NK Ranks

조선인민군의_군사_칭호 [ko]

군관 직위 (1948-1952)

1948년부터 1952년 말기까지 군사 칭호 대신하여 사용되었다^[1]. 이는 당시의 공산주의 국가의 이념 상, 계급이 아닌 직책으로 서열이 구분되기 때문에 군사칭호가 이렇게 된 것이다.

	계급	견장
고급 지휘관
	민족보위상 (民族保衛相)	100px
	총참모장 (總參謀長) 부상 (副相)	100px
	사단장 (師團長) 여단장 (旅團長) 학교장 (學校長)	100px
상급 지휘관
	사단참모장 (師團參謀長)	100px
	연대장 (聯隊長)	100px
	부연대장 (副聯隊長) 독립대대장 (獨立大隊長)	100px
	대대장 (大隊長)	100px
중급 지휘관
	부대대장 (副大隊長) 독립중대장 (獨立中隊長)	100px
	중대장 (中隊長)	100px
	부중대장 (副中隊長) 독립소대장 (獨立小隊長)	100px
	소대장 (小隊長)	100px

1953년

원수급은 다른 계급과는 달리 오직 육군에만 존재하는 계급장이며 그 때문에 해군이나 공군 대장이 차수로 진급하면 육군으로 변경된다.

	계급	견장
원수급 (元帥級)
	조선 민주주의 인민 공화국 원수 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國元帥)	150px\|center
	조선 민주주의 인민 공화국 차수 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國次帥)	150px\|center
		륙군 견장	해군 견장	공군 견장
장령급 (將領級)	대장 (大將)	100px	100px	100px
	중장 (中將)	100px	100px	100px
	소장 (少將)	100px	100px	100px
좌관급 (佐官級)	대좌 (大佐)	100px	100px	100px
	상좌 (上佐)	100px	100px	100px
	중좌 (中佐)	100px	100px	100px
	소좌 (少佐)	100px	100px	100px
위관급 (尉官級)	대위 (大尉)	100px	100px	100px
	상위 (上尉)	100px	100px	100px
	중위 (中尉)	100px	100px	100px
	소위 (少尉)	100px	100px	100px
하사관급 (下士官級)	특무상사 (特務上士)	100px	100px	100px
	상사 (上士)	100px	100px	100px
	중사 (中士)	100px	100px	100px
	하사 (下士)	100px	100px	100px
전사급 (戰士級)	상등병 (上等兵)	100px	100px	100px
전사급 (戰士級)	전사 (戰士)	100px	100px	100px

1998년 부터

보위부 및 호위사령부는 사병이 없이 전원 장교로만 구성되어 있다.

	계급	견장
원수급 (元帥級)	조선민주주의인민공화국 대원수 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國大元帥)
	조선민주주의인민공화국 원수 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國元帥)
	조선인민군 원수 (朝鮮人民軍元帥)
	조선인민군 차수 (朝鮮人民軍次帥)
		륙군 견장	해군 견장	항공및반항공군 견장	사회안전성 및 사회안전군 견장	Ministry of State Security (North Korea)
장령급 (將領級)	대장 (大將)
	상장 (上將)
	중장 (中將)
	소장 (少將)
좌관급 (佐官級)	대좌 (大佐)
	상좌 (上佐)
	중좌 (中佐)
	소좌 (少佐)
위관급 (尉官級)	대위 (大尉)
	상위 (上尉)
	중위 (中尉)
	소위 (少尉)
하사관급 (下士官級)	특무상사 (特務上士)					없음
	상사 (上士)
	중사 (中士)
	하사 (下士)
전사급 (戰士級)	상급병사 (上級兵士)
	중급병사 (中級兵士)
	초급병사 (初級兵士)
	하급병사 (下級兵士)

References

^ http://gcplus.co.kr/news_view.jsp?ncd=323. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |보존url= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |보존날짜= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |제목= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |확인날짜= ignored (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)

A guide on genocide articles

This idea is in the brainstorming stage.
Feel free to add new ideas; improve, clarify and classify the ideas already here; and discuss the merits of these ideas on the talk page.

This a guide to help editors in creating and contributing to articles around cases of and potential cases of genocide.

Labelling genocides

There are three identifiable ways to mark something as a genocide in the case of Wikipedia:

A decision by international courts in regard to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), as in the case of the Srebrenica massacre.
Significant scholarship from the relevant fields^[a] determine it to be genocide, as in the cases of The Holocaust, Armenian genocide, Selk'nam genocide, and the Guatemalan genocide.
Cases of common name from academic sources, this is more likely to occur in discussing concepts than specific events, such as with Trans genocide.
Cases of common name from popular sources, while it is unlikely to be the case where the common name in reliable sources for an event will label it a genocide without at least point 2 also being present this is a potential occurrence.

For the fourth way, a discussion will be needed to determine to best title for the article on a case-by-case basis. For input it is recommended that you ping the following WikiPorjects (WPs) WP Death, WP Human Rights, the relevant WPs for the geographic regions the event takes place, and then other WPs relevant to group identity.

In cases where there is academic debate from the relevant fields as to the labelling of an event as genocide, article titles that have been used in the past to cover the debates have included the terms "allegations", "accusations", and "question". From previous discussions^[b] it has been found that "question" is the preferred neutral term for Wikivoice.

There is no platonic ideal of genocide

Within scholarship, since the adoption of the CPPCG, it has been scrutinised and considered lacking. This means (especially in genocide studies) many scholars will use definitions different to the CPPCG, and often these definitions are broader (structural genocide,^[1] utilitarian genocide, ethnic cleansing as genocide,^[2]^[3] settler-colonialism as genocide^[4]). While we may disagree with any or all such definitions and conceptualisations, we must acknowledge the expertise of the individuals employing these in their published research, and have articles on Wikipedia reflect such opinions.

Many people are familiar with the Holocaust and have this as their only reference point for what a genocide is. Due to this, many people may not consider other events as genocides due to differences between those events and the Holocaust. It is important that we do not engage in such measurements, and instead work to the academic standards in the relevant fields.

Events with some literature

In cases where there is some literature from relevant scholars who view an event as genocide, but this either a minority position in the discussion, or there is very little literature overall analysing and event as genocide, it is best to include those opinions as a section in the main article on the event, and not to have a separate article, such as the Great Famine in Ireland (for the former) and the Cathar genocide (for the latter).

Where to look

In line with the points so-far made in this guide, it helps to increase the quality and robustness of our articles to use academically rigorous sources.

Suggested journals

When looking for sources that discuss events as cases of genocide, the following journals are likely to be of use:

Journal	Subject area	Website	h-index	SJR
Journal of Genocide Research	Genocide studies	[1]	34	0.234
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal	Genocide studies	[2]
Holocaust and Genocide Studies	Genocide studies	[3]	22	0.104
Genocide Studies International	Genocide studies	[4]	4	0.102
History Compass	History	[5]	27	0.209
Social Forces	Sociology	[6]	151	1.847
Theory and Society	Sociology	[7]	91	1.404
Population Studies	Sociology	[8]	73	1.009
Journal of Global History	History	[9]	37	0.652
Nationalities Papers	History	[10]	35	0.608
Contemporary Social Science	Sociology	[11]	31	0.600
American Journal of Political Science	Political science	[12]	204	4.629
World Politics	Political science	[13]	127	3.025
Annual Review of Sociology	Sociology	[14]	205	3.11
Annual Review of Anthropology	Anthropology	[15]	143	1.053
American Journal of Sociology	Sociology	[16]	206	2.29
Journal of Modern History	History	[17]	36	0.181
Postcolonial Studies	History	[18]	25	0.267
International Journal of Human Rights	Law	[19]	35	0.318

Other journals, particularly those in the relevant "area studies", can also be good sources for information and scholarly analysis.

Useful books

Bibliography of genocide studies provides a selection of important books in genocide studies, as well as key scholars who are prolific in their work. These books, and other books by the authors can provide important information for developing articles on cases of/potential cases of genocide.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

^ Jones, Adam (2011). "Genocide and Structural Violence: Charting the Terrain". In Jones, Adam (ed.). New Directions in Genocide Research. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203698327. ISBN 9780203698327.
^ Shaw, Martin (2010). "Palestine in an International Historical Perspective on Genocide". Holy Land Studies. 9 (1). Edinburgh University Press: 1–24. doi:10.3366/hls.2010.0001.
^ Blum, Rony; Stanton, Gregory H.; Sagi, Shira; Richter, Elihu D. (April 2008). "'Ethnic cleansing' bleaches the atrocities of genocide". European Journal of Public Health. 18 (2): 204–209. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckm011.
^ Adhikari, Mohamed (2021). Civilian-driven violence and the genocide of indigenous peoples in settler societies. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781032048130.

[1] ttp://gcplus.co.kr/news_view.jsp?ncd=323. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |보존url= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |보존날짜= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |제목= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |확인날짜= ignored (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[4] Jones, Adam (2011). "Genocide and Structural Violence: Charting the Terrain". In Jones, Adam (ed.). New Directions in Genocide Research. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203698327. ISBN 9780203698327.

[5] Shaw, Martin (2010). "Palestine in an International Historical Perspective on Genocide". Holy Land Studies. 9 (1). Edinburgh University Press: 1–24. doi:10.3366/hls.2010.0001.

[6] Blum, Rony; Stanton, Gregory H.; Sagi, Shira; Richter, Elihu D. (April 2008). "'Ethnic cleansing' bleaches the atrocities of genocide". European Journal of Public Health. 18 (2): 204–209. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckm011.

[7] Adhikari, Mohamed (2021). Civilian-driven violence and the genocide of indigenous peoples in settler societies. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781032048130.

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User:Cdjp1/sandbox/Comandante de la Revolución