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Thành's father was a Confucian scholar and teacher, and later an imperial magistrate in the small remote district of Binh Khe (Qui Nhơn). He was demoted for abuse of power after an influential local figure died several days after having received 102 strokes of the cane as punishment for an infraction.[1]: 21 Thành's father was eligible to serve in the imperial bureaucracy but refused because it meant serving the French.[2] This exposed Thành to rebellion at a young age and seemed to be the norm for the province where Thành came of age. The province was known for its resistance to foreign rule. In deference to his father, Thành received a French education, attended lycée in Huế, the alma mater of his later disciples, Phạm Văn Đồng and Võ Nguyên Giáp and his later enemy, Ngô Đình Diệm.
- ^ Duiker, William J. Ho Chi Minh: A Life. New York: Hyperion, 2000.
- ^ Hunt, Michael H. (2016). The World Transformed 1945 To the Present. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-19-937102-0.