User:Cball1124/sandbox

For the Mont Blanc glacier flood article, I specified the area that the flood affected, said exactly how much water was displaced, and gave a more detailed account of the origin of the flood. All was referenced under the [1] footnote.

The Mont Blanc glacier flood was a damaging flood near Mont Blanc, France, that occurred in 1892. In the disaster, a subterranean glacial lake burst from beneath the Tête Rousse glacier^[which?] on the mountain and released 200,000 cubic meters of water^[1], flooding the village of Saint-Gervais-Le Fayet^[1] and killing 175 people.^[2] The lake did not overflow because of too much accumulated water, but because there water-filled crevasse that shrank when the change to a positive mass balance of the entire glacier occurred beginning in 1878^[1].

References[edit source | edit]

^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c Vincent, C. (2010). "Origin of the Outburst flood from the Glacier de Tete Rousse in 1892" (PDF). Journal of Glaciology.
Jump up^ *France drains lake under Mont Blanc glacier, BBC News, 25 August 2010.

For the San Miguel volcano article, I added information about seismic activity for the 2013 eruption and, and described another earlier eruption of that volcano. The seismic activity was found under the original author's [3] footnote, and the new information is referenced under the [1] footnote.

San Miguel (also known as Volcán Chaparrastique) is a stratovolcano in central-eastern El Salvador, approximately 15 km southwest of the city of San Miguel. On January 16, 2002, a minor eruption of steam, gas, and ash occurred from the summit crater^[1], lasting 3 hours but causing no real damage to life or property. Carbon dioxide emissions had been monitored since November 2001, and their steady increase continued to build up until the eruption.^[1]

Eleven years later^[2], on December 29, 2013, San Miguel erupted at 10:30 local time spewing ash and smoke into the sky, and prompted the evacuation of thousands of people living in a 3 km radius around the volcano.^[3] It was preceded by increased seismic activity beginning at 06:30 local time. ^[3]

References[edit source | edit]

^ Jump up to:^a ^b
Jump up^
^ Jump up to:^a ^b San Miguel volcano (El Salvador): new eruption. Volcano Discovery. Retrieved 30 December 2013.

For the Wuqia earthquake article, I first fixed the original author's references to proper citing format. I added a listing of the damage to life and property from the earthquake, then added information about the deformation zone that resulted from it as well.

The 1985 Wuqia earthquake occurred on August 23, 1985 at 20:41 local time (12:41 UTC) near the border of Wuqia (乌恰) (also Ulugqat or Uluqat) County and Shufu (疏附) County, Xinjiang, China. It had a magnitude of M_s 7.4 and caused 71 deaths, 162 injuries, and left 15,000 homeless, as well as destroying 85% of buildings and highways.^[1] The source of this earthquake is the Kazkeaerte Fault (卡兹克阿尔特断裂). The earthquake could be felt throughout much of the Fergana Basin, USSR, as well as inPakistan.^[2][1]

The slipping of the earth during this earthquake caused a deformation zone along the Kezilesu River valley stretching 15 kilometers long and 800 meters wide. The zone is made up of smaller faults, fissures, and pressure ridges.^[3]

References[edit source | edit]

^ Jump up to:^a ^b "Significant Earthquakes of the World." Earthquake Hazards Program. United States Geological Survey
Jump up^ Wang, Xiaorong. "1985 Xinjiang Autonomous Region Wuqia Earthquake."National Earthquake Science. China Earthquakes Network Center, n.d. Web
Jump up^ Feng, Xian-yue (2008). "Deformation Zone of the Wuqia Earthquake in 1985". Seismology and Geology.

For the Lonquimay volcano article, I fixed the original author's references to proper citing format and explained VEI where he\she had not. I expanded on the eruption mentioned, including science on the lava flow and the damages to life and property.

Lonquimay Volcano is a stratovolcano of late-Pleistocene to dominantly Holocene age, with the shape of a truncated cone. The cone is largely andesitic, though basaltic and dacitic rocks are present.^[1] It is located in the La Araucanía Region of Chile, immediately SE of Tolhuaca volcano. Sierra Nevada and Llaima are their neighbors to the south. The snow-capped volcano lies within the protected area Malalcahuello-Nalcas.

The volcano's last eruption began on December 25, 1988, earning it the nickname "Navidad".^[2] The eruption lasted for 13 months before ending in 1990. The Volcanic Explositivy Index was 3, indicating tropospheric injections and catastrophic damage. The eruption was from a flank vent and involved mostly andesite lava, and had been preceded by increased seismicity for three weeks.^[3] The volume of the lava flow decreased as time went on and the vent dimensions decreased, though by the end of the eruption the andesite had still built up to a length of 10.2 km. ^[3]

There was only a single fatality for the duration of the eruption, but it caused the evacuation of over 2000 people and caused extensive damage to farming and livestock in the surrounding region.^[4][2]

References[edit source | edit]

Jump up^ "Lonquimay." Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution
^ Jump up to:^a ^b
^ Jump up to:^a ^b
Jump up^ Naranjo, Jose. "Lonquimay." Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History