User:Catherinezeng

Hi everyone,

I`m Zheng Zeng, a senior majoring in Management and minoring in Psychology.

Horpa (Chinese: 道孚语 Daofu,爾龔語Ergong), also named Stau, Daofuhua, Bawang, Bopa, Danba, Dawu, Geshitsa, Geshiza, Geshizahua, Hor, Huo’er, Hórsók, Nyagrong-Minyag, Pawang, Rgu, Western Gyarong, Western Jiarong, Xinlong-Muya, rTau, is one of several closely related Rgyalrongic languages of China.Horpa is better understood as a cluster of closely related yet unintelligible dialect groups/languages. Closely related to Horpa Shangzhai or Stodsde skad. The term Stodsde skad is a Tibetan name meaning "language of the people of the far Northwest"

Classification

Horpa is a Rgyalrongic language, a branch of  the Qiangic languages of the Sino-Tibetan family. RGyalrong (proper), Lavrung, and Horpa-Shangzhai are in the Rgyalrongic subgroup. There is a working hypothesis put these languages into a family tree model by Sun (2000). Horpa and Shangzhai are subtypes of Horpa-Shangzhai, a brach of rGyalrongic language

Geographic Distribution

Horpa is spoken in Dasang District, Danba County of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan. There are about 50,000 Horpa speakers in the northwestern Sichuan. It is also spoken in nearby Dawu County, where it is called 'Stau', pronounced [stawuske].

Ergong is a non-tonal language (Sun 2013).

Dialects/Varieties[edit | edit source]

The language has dialects (varieties of languages), such as the Shangzhai Horpa and Gexi Horpa (Sun 2013).

Grammar

Shangzhai Horpa (Puxi Shangzhai) is a dialect of the Horpa language with a single consistently non-syllabic causative prefix "s", which exerts pressure on the already elaborate onset system and triggers multiple phonological adjustments (Sun 2007). Gexi Horpa language not only has a split verbal agreement system as the Rgtalrongic language, but also presents a hybrid system involving a more intricate interplay of functional and syntactic factors (Sun 2013). The verbs in Rgtalrongic family have the traits of "person making" and "agreement", and Horpa language also illustrates a subtype of hierarchal agreement.

Stau is a another name for the Horpa lanague (Jacques et al. 2013). As a dialect of Rgtalrongic language, the Stau (Horpa) language follows some traits of the Tibetan language (Bradley 2012). As a variety of Qiangic language groups, Horpa has unique verb inflection and morphology, such as the strategy of inverting the aspiration feature in the formation of the past and progressive stem(s) (Sun 2000).

Examples

The verb agreement in Horpa is considered the subject, the speech participants. For example, zbəcʰa-i [zbəcʰe], means ‘you beat’, and zbəcʰa-u [zbəcʰo], means, 'I beat’.

References

1.  Horpa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) sTodsde (Shangzhai) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2.  "Chinese: 甘孜州丹巴县大桑区尔龚" 
3. Gates, J. P. (2016), Verbal Triplication Morphology in Stau (Mazi Dialect). Transactions of the Philological Society. doi: 10.1111/1467-968X.12083
4. Sun Hongkai. 2013. Tibeto-Burman languages of eight watersheds [八江流域的藏缅语]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Academy Press.

External link

Horpa at the Endangered Languages Project.

 http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/horp1239