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Original- " Extracellular polymeric substance"
[edit]Function
[edit]The exopolysaccharides of some strains of lactic acid bacteria, e.g., Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, contribute a gelatinous texture to fermented milk products (e.g., Viili), and these polysaccharides are also digestible.[1]
Capsular exopolysaccharides can protect pathogenic bacteria and contribute to their pathogenicity.[citation needed] Attachment of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to plant roots and soil particles, which is important for colonisation of rhizosphere and roots and for infection of the plant, can be mediated by exopolysaccharides as well.[citation needed] An example for industrial use of exopolysaccharides is the application of dextran in panettone and other breads in the bakery industry.[2] Exopolysaccharides also have an important role in endodontic infections.
Edit- " Extracellular polymeric substance"
[edit]The proceeding section.
Function
[edit]The exopolysaccharides of some strains of lactic acid bacteria, e.g., Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, contribute a gelatinous texture to fermented milk products (e.g., Viili), and these polysaccharides are also digestible.[1]
Capsular exopolysaccharides can protect pathogenic bacteria and contribute to their pathogenicity.[citation needed] Attachment of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to plant roots and soil particles, which is important for colonisation of rhizosphere and roots and for infection of the plant, can be mediated by exopolysaccharides as well.[citation needed] An example for industrial use of exopolysaccharides is the application of dextran in panettone and other breads in the bakery industry.[2] Exopolysaccharides also have an important role in endodontic infections.
My edit starts here.
Novel Industrial Use
[edit]Due to the growing need to find a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional waste removal methods, industries are paying more attention to the function of bacteria and their EPSs in bioremediation. [3]
Researchers found that adding EPSs from cyanobacteria to wastewaters removes heavy metals such as copper, cadmium and lead.[3] EPSs alone can physically interact with these heavy metals and take them in through biosorption.[3] The efficiency of removal can be optimized by treating the EPSs with different acids or bases first before adding them to the wastewaters.[3]
Contaminated soils contain high levels of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); EPSs from two bacteria, Zoogloea sp. and Aspergillus niger, are efficient at removing these toxic compounds. [4] EPSs contain enzymes such as oxidoreductase and hydrolase, which are capable of degrading PAHs. [4]The amount of PAHs degradation depends on the concentration of EPSs added to the soil. This method proves to be low cost and highly efficient. [4]
In recent years, EPSs from marine bacteria have been found to speed up the cleanup of oil spills. [5] During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, these EPS-producing bacteria were able to grow and multiply rapidly.[5] It was later found that their EPSs dissolved the oil and formed oil aggregates on the ocean surface, which sped up the cleaning process.[5] These oil aggregates also provided a valuable source of nutrients for other marine microbial communities. This led scientists to modify and optimize the use of EPSs to clean up oil spills. [5]
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Cath.ubc.ca (talk) 05:08, 9 October 2017 (UTC) Cath.ubc.ca (talk) 23:47, 19 November 2017 (UTC)
- ^ Ljungh A, Wadstrom T (editors) (2009). Lactobacillus Molecular Biology: From Genomics to Probiotics. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-41-7.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ Ullrich M (editor) (2009). Bacterial Polysaccharides: Current Innovations and Future Trends. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-45-5.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ a b c d Mota, Rita; Rossi, Federico; Andrenelli, Luisa; Pereira, Sara Bernardes; De Philippis, Roberto (September 2016). "Released polysaccharides (RPS) from Cyanothece sp. CCY 0110 as biosorbent for heavy metals bioremediation: interactions between metals and RPS binding sites". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 100 (17): 7765–7775.
- ^ a b c Jia, Chunyun; Li, Peijun; Li, Xiaojun; Tai, Peidong; Liu, Wan; Gong, Zongqiang (2011-08-01). "Degradation of pyrene in soils by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from liquid cultures". Process Biochemistry. 46 (8): 1627–1631. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2011.05.005.
- ^ a b c d Gutierrez, Tony; Berry, David; Yang, Tingting; Mishamandani, Sara; McKay, Luke; Teske, Andreas; Aitken, Michael D. (2013-06-27). "Role of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides (EPS) in the Fate of the Oil Released during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill". PLOS ONE. 8 (6): e67717. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067717. ISSN 1932-6203.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)