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JonBenét Ramsey grave, Saint James Episcopal Cemetery in Marietta, Georgia.

There are two primary groups of theories for explaining the death of JonBenét Ramsey, a six-year-old American beauty queen who was killed in her family's home in Boulder, Colorado, on December 25, 1996, – those that say her death was caused by a family member (her mother, father, or older brother) and those that say she was killed by an intruder.

One of the types of theories is the intruder theory, in which a non-family member came into the Ramsey home the night of December 25 / December 26, 1996 and sexually assaulted and murdered JonBenét. An intruder could have been a pedophile and/or sexual sadist, according to investigator Lou Smit. Alternatively, the murder could have occurred as an act of revenge or retaliation against one of the Ramsey family members, such as JonBenét's father John Ramsey.[1][2]

Evidence deemed to support the intruder theory includes DNA analysis that excludes the Ramseys,[3][4] use of a garrote in her death,[1] presence of an unknown Hi-Tec boot print that was found near her body in the basement,[5] and presence of abrasions by a stun gun, believed to immobilize the young girl.[6][7][8] A factor supporting this theory is that there was no behavioral history[9][10][11] to suggest that one of the Ramsey family members would kill JonBenét in the manner that she was killed, particularly involving a sexual assault and use of a garrote to strangle her. Her body was not found in a manner in which she would likely be found if she had been killed by a family member, according to former FBI profiler John E. Douglas.[6]

First, Douglas says, a guilty family member would likely stage the events so that another person found the body. Secondly, her body was not covered in a manner that a parent would likely cover their dead child. Douglas contends that although there were no signs of forced entry, an intruder could have entered the home through a basement window or other means.[6]

Another type of theory is the family member theory. People that espouse this theory include investigators James Kolar and Steve Thomas.[8][12][13][14] Evidence ruled out John as the author of the ransom note[15][10] and her brother Burke Ramsey was ruled out entirely as a suspect by both the police and DA.[16][17] DNA was believed by Mary Lacy, the Boulder District Attorney, to have ruled out JonBenét's mother Patsy.[4] Patsy may have killed JonBenét in what began as an initial accidental event, according to former Boulder police investigator Steve Thomas.[14]

The key basis of this theory is that a lot of the evidence was staged, starting with the ransom note, according to Boulder police and reporting by Denver Post's Mark Obmascik. Patsy has not been ruled out as the author of the unusually long ransom note.[15][10] The ransom note and the practice note were written in the home, which is highly unusual. The ransom demand for $118,000 happens to be the amount of John Ramsey's bonus. Theories that a family member was involved assert that there was an accidental event that killed or nearly killed JonBenét, which led to a series of cover-up activities. This is inconsistent with the Ramseys' past behavior, particularly the sexual assault and creation and use of a garrote to strangle the young girl.

The case was difficult to prosecute because District Attorney Alex "Hunter and others did not feel confident that all the evidence pointed in one direction," said Former Boulder Police investigator Steven Thomas.[18] For instance, according to the New York Times, "The conflicting views, which mirror conflicting evidence, were largely the reason Mr Hunter dismissed a grand jury last October that heard evidence in the case for 13 months without indicting anyone.[18] Legal experts claimed that the grand jury case "was penmanship vs. panties." The DNA on JonBenét's panties belonged to an unknown person and the ransom note, "the most damaging information against any one suspect", was believed by some to have been written by Patsy Ramsey.[10][a]

Events preceding JonBenét's death

[edit]

There were several events that occurred in the week preceding JonBenét's death. John Ramsey hosted an Access Graphics company party to celebrate having reached $1 billion in sales, an accomplishment which was published in the local paper on December 21, 1996.[8][19] The following day, JonBenét—who had regularly participated in beauty pageants—sang and danced at a holiday event at a Denver mall.[8]

On December 23, the family hosted a holiday party[8] in which a neighbor, who was later to become a suspect in the case, played Santa[20] The Ramseys said they feared that there could have been a connection between any of these events and the death of their daughter.[8]

Evidence by theory

[edit]
Evidence[15] Intruder theory Family theory
Overview A non-family member entered the Ramsey's home and murdered JonBenet[b][c][d][e] A family member accidentally caused the death of JonBenét and the family covered up the death by making it look like a kidnapping.[h][i][j][k][l][g]
Autopsy - Vaginal smears and swabs, her clothing, and fingernail clippings were turned over by the Coroner to the Boulder Police[29] for DNA analysis. In December 2003, forensic investigators extracted enough material from a mixed blood sample found on JonBenét's underwear to establish a DNA profile.[30] That DNA belonged to an unknown male person.[3] The DNA of an unknown male[3] "strongly" suggests that an intruder was involved in JonBenét's death.[6][e] The DNA was submitted to the FBI's Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), a database containing more than 1.6 million DNA profiles, but the sample did not match any profile in the database.[3] On July 9, 2008, the Boulder District Attorney's office announced that, as a result of newly developed DNA sampling and testing techniques (Touch DNA analysis), the Ramsey family members were no longer considered suspects in the case.[4][31][28][m]
Autopsy - There was no evidence of conventional rape, although sexual assault could not be ruled out. Although no semen was found, there was evidence that there had been a vaginal injury.[15] An abrasion about 1 cm was found on the vaginal wall and hymen,[29] which was not intact. There were engorged blood vessels, which indicated that there had been trauma to her vagina.[6] At the time of the autopsy it appeared her vaginal area had been wiped with a cloth,[15] due to the presence of dark fibers in her vaginal area.[6] Whether the recent injury occurred before or after her death is unknown.[34] The autopsy seemed to identify a pattern of vaginal trauma prior to the night of her death, however, her pediatrician Dr. Francesco Beuf stated that he never saw evidence of sexual abuse[35] in JonBenét or Burke.[9] This would be consistent with an act of corporal punishment (as part of the retaliation theory)[6] or sexual assault by an intruder.[6][e] The police theorized that this was part of the coverup of Patsy's accidental killing of JonBenét. The police found no evidence or past behavior that John Ramsey had sexually violated his daughter[14] and there was no child pornography evidence found on his computers.[15] In addition, the grand jury met before the 2008 DNA findings.[24]
Autopsy - a white cord tied around her right wrist and neck. Seventeen inches of cord hung from the knot, and the end was tied "in multiple loops around a length of a round tan-brown wooden stick" The family theory is not supported because it does not fit with the Ramsey's behavior that they would have killed JonBenét this way, per FBI profiler John E. Douglas.[6] The police theorized that this was part of the coverup of Patsy's accidental killing of JonBenét[14] and to make it look like a kidnapping.[8]
Autopsy - "deep ligature furrow encircles the entire neck", which was surrounded by hemorrhages. There were also petechial hemorrhages on her eyelids, and the anterior surface of her heart, and both lungs.[6] There was DNA found on the cord for the garrote.[28] The stick that was used in the garrote was one of Patsy's paint brushes stored in the basement, which would have been handy to an intruder. Splinters of wood were found on the floor next to where the paint brushes were kept, which indicates that the garrote was likely made in the basement.[6] There was a broken piece of the paint brush, though, that was never found in the house.[1] The garrote, according to Lou Smit, is one of the best pieces of evidence that JonBenét was attacked by an intruder. The garrote, he says, is a sexual sadist's device.[1] It could have been used as a planned and angry act of violence and sexual assault, as opined by child abuse expert Dr. Robert Kirschner, or as a tool used during a "sex game" that resulted in her accidental death and elaborate cover up, as asserted by pathologist Cyril Wecht.[2] Marks on her neck appear to indicate that JonBenét was attempting to pry the cord away from her neck as she was being strangled.[8] The police theorized that this was part of the coverup of Patsy's accidental killing of JonBenét[14] Steven Thomas contends that Patsy brought JonBenét's body to the basement following an incident in which she struck her daughter. Realizing that she was still alive, she fashioned the garrote and strangled her.[8]
Duct tape had been placed over JonBenét's mouth and removed by her father when he found her body.[15] There were fibers found on the duct tape.[10] The police theorized that this was part of the coverup of Patsy's accidental killing of JonBenét[14] and to make it look like a kidnapping.[8] Fibers on the duct tape are similar to those of the sweater worn by Patsy on Christmas Day.[10]
Autopsy - 8.5 inch long skull fracture[n] It is unlikely that this was caused by a family member. If a family member had become enraged, it is not likely that they would find and pick up a heavy object to strike her. This is particularly true for her parents.[6] Steven Thomas theorizes that JonBenét's head hit a hard surface in her bathroom during a nighttime scuffle with her mother.[14]
Autopsy - partially digested pineapple in her stomach.[6] Although the Ramseys said that JonBenét had nothing to eat at home on the night of her death, a dish of pineapple with Patsy and Burke's fingerprints was found in the kitchen.[6][7] John and Patsy Ramsey had no explanation for how or when JonBenét ate the pineapple. Douglas asserts that a guilty person would come up with an explanation.[6] In addition, there's no reason to lie about it. JonBenét waking up in the middle of the night to eat some pineapple does not then automatically lead to the supposition that the Ramseys killed JonBenet.[6]
Autopsy - Marks on JonBenét's body The autopsy identified abrasions on her body that Smit thought were the result of JonBenét being subdued with a taser.[11][34][b] Smit found that the abrasions on JonBenet were consistent of the marks on people who has been assaulted with a stun gun during their murder. Use of a stun gun supported the intruder theory, because it wouldn't need to be used by a family member.[8] Forensic pathologist Dr. Stuart Hamilton agrees that the spacing of the track appears to be the correct width. The abrasions, though, particularly on JonBenet's face, are consistent with stun gun abrasions.[8] Others dismissed the taser scenario[34] and concluded that the marks are more consistent with jabbing by a piece of railroad track from the Ramsey's [basement] "train room"[7][28]
White blanket found on JonBenet A pubic hair from an unknown person was found on the blanket.[10] In addition, Douglas, who was brought in to assist the Ramsey's lawyers on case in January 1997 to assess whether the Ramseys were involved, stated that if a family member was involved in a murder, they would generally construe events so that another person found the body. In this case, John found the body and his friend followed him into the basement room. When a family member is involved in a murder, Douglas asserts, they are likely to cover their child's body in a protective manner, covering all but their head. In this case, it was haphazardly draped. Just the torso was covered, which did not denote the kind of act a parent would generally perform. In addition, John removed the duct tape from her mouth and loosened the cord around her, which goes against the theory of "staging" the body.[6] The police theorized that this was part of the coverup of Patsy's accidental killing of JonBenét[14]
House - Entry possibilities One theory is that the intruder entered and exited the house through a basement window,[b] which was broken by John Ramsey previously when he was accidentally locked out of the house.[10] The photograph of the suitcase appeared to show a footprint. It was used as either means to step up and exit the house or an intended way to get JonBenét out of the house.[11] If one of the Ramseys had caused JonBenét's death and were covering it up with a ransom note, why not try to stage a forced entry?[6] Although there was no forced entry found, it was known that there were several ways in which someone could have entered the house, there were several unlocked windows.[36][37] However, since cobwebs weren't disturbed in the basement entry, police investigators and a DA investigator concluded that no intruder entered the house the night of JonBenét's death.[28][38]
House - An imprint, found near JonBenét's body, that detectives believe was made by a Hi-Tec hiking shoe, but whether the print was made on the night of JonBenét's death was not known.[5][36] Colorado Springs private detective Ollie Gray, hired by the Ramseys, provided a pair of size 8½ Hi-Tec boots that he thought might be those of the intruder who killed JonBenét. He provided the name of the person he received the boots from during his investigation. There were other pairs of boots that the police had obtained during their investigation that may have been a match to the print in the Ramsey's cellar. Reportedly, no one in the family owned that type of shoe.[5]
House - A palm print found on the wine cellar door.[36] The print belongs to an unidentified person.[10]
House - The ransom note is unusually long and the police were told by the FBI that it's also very unusual for a ransom note to be written at the crime scene.[39] It considered by the police to be staged, includes an unusual use of exclamation marks and acronyms, and does not have any fingerprints.[40][41] Handwriting samples were taken of 73 suspects for handwriting analysis.[42] Douglas states that if the notes was written by an intruder, the intruder(s) would have been in the house for a "fair amount of time in the house undiscovered".[6] Using paper from the Ramsey home could mean that the intruder was not introducing evidence in the house that could time to him (Douglas asserted the intruder was likely a white male with some business background). It could also mean that the intruder knew that the Ramseys would be out of the house long enough to write the note in their house.[6] Douglas contends that the note was likely written before the murder.[6][o] Colorado Bureau of Investigation handwriting experts eliminated John Ramsey and other suspects as the note's author, but they were inconclusive regarding Patsy.[15][10] The police theorized that the ransom note was part of the coverup of Patsy's accidental killing of JonBenét[14] and her handwriting and style were evident in the note. Prior to JonBenét's death, Patsy used the lowercase manuscript "a" in writing samples, which was also used almost exclusively in the ransom note. After her daughter's death, Patsy the lowercase manuscript "a" was rarely used and was replaced by a cursive "a". In addition, Patsy liked to use acronyms, for instance, "P.P.R.B.S.J." stood in a signature line for "Patsy Paugh Ramsey, Bachelor of Science in Journalism."[42]
Ramsey's clothing. Fibers from Patsy's clothing were found on JonBenet's clothing.[1] There were also fibers found on JonBenét's vagina, as there were dark fibers on Patsy's clothing.[45] Patsy believed that fibers transferred from her clothing to her daughter's clothing when she held JonBenét after her body was found [by John].[1] The clothing that Patsy and John wore on the night of the death were not provided to the police until more than a year after JonBenét's death.[15]
Past behavior - There is no evidence of the Ramsey's emotional instability Family, including John's children from his first marriage, and friends have noted that the John and Patsy were good parents and there was no sign of abuse.[10] Dr. Francesco Beuf, the children's pediatrician, also stated that he had seen no signs of abuse in Burke or JonBenet.[9] According to Police Chief Mark Beckner in 2001, "There is no past behavior on the Ramseys' part, after four years and everybody in the world looking at them, that shows that the Ramseys had any motive to kill their daughter or that they would go off the deep end."[11] Former Denver prosecutor Craig Silverman did note, however, that at the time Patsy was under personal and family pressures, including recovering from cancer.[10]

Evidence analysis

[edit]

The Colorado Bureau of Investigation and a private laboratory, Cellmark, were two organizations involved in the analysis of evidence in JonBenét's death. Mark Stolorow of Cellmark and Pete Mang of the Colorado Bureau of Investigation have described evidence analysis generally for the types of evidence found in this case.[46]

One of the primary types of evidence analysis performed in the case is DNA analysis of blood, hair, fingernail scrapings and other body fluids, such as dried vaginal secretions, found at the crime scene. The Colorado Bureau of Investigation researchers compare the DNA evidence against that of suspects in the case, targeting 13 DNA markers. Cellmark then performs analysis of the DNA on additional markers. Although they could not discuss the findings, Stolorow and Mang state that they have tested a "number of people" involved in the case. The DNA evidence is significant because DNA is unique among people and DNA matches "can definitively place an individual suspect at the scene of the crime."[46]

There were dark fibers found on the white rope used for the garrote and from JonBenet's genital area. Mang said "When two people come in contact with each other, there's going to be an exchange of fibers." The offender could have picked up fibers and may have left behind fibers, such as the "dark fibers" found in this case. Chemical analysis and microscopes are used to compare the chemical makeup of the fibers, such as the dyes used on the fibers. Structural analysis includes evaluation of cross-sectional shapes of different types of fibers. The evidence is more compelling if there are a number of fibers collected at the crime scene that match to a suspect.[46] Other evidence, such as the paintbrush, duct tape and garrote, were analyzed for cellular material, fibers, and fingerprints that may tie to a suspect.[46]

The ransom note was analyzed from several perspectives. The paper that the note was written on and the ink used to write the note were analyzed for chemical composition. For instance, the chemical composition of ink from pens collected from the Ramsey house were compared to the chemical composition of the ink used to write the note. The handwriting was analyzed for size and shape of the letters, pressure of the pen on the paper, and comparison of "quantitative characters" on the note to samples provided by suspects for consistency between the documents.[46]

Shoe prints, such as those made by Hi-Tec or SAS shoes found in and outside the Ramsey home, were compared to shoes of suspects by size, tread design and wear pattern.[46]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Defense attorney Scott Robinson said, “You’ve got a perfect recipe here for an acquittal souffle. I don’t think Clarence Darrow himself could have kept a jury out more than a half-hour with the Ramsey case as we know it.”[10] Some of the opinions regarding the difficulty prosecuting the case include the following. Per Christopher Mueller, an evidence law professor at the University of Colorado Law School, “You wind up feeling that it looks like someone in the Ramsey house had something to do with it, but you can’t figure out who. If the evidence is what the newspapers say it is, I don’t think it’s a winnable case.”[10]
  2. ^ a b c Lou Smit's theory was that a pedophile broke into the Ramsey's home through the basement broken window while the Ramsey's were at a Christmas dinner with friends. The intruder wrote the ransom note while in the house alone and after the family returned and fell asleep, JonBenét was subdued using a stun gun and took her down to the basement where she was killed.[6][7] His theory, which he said was bore out by the medical evidence, showed that JonBenét was strangled with the garrote and then suffered a strong blow to her head, which killed her.[18] Smit and the District Attorney's Office presented the case, with 437 evidential items pointing away from the Ramseys, to the Boulder police in May 1998 but were unable to successfully challenge their steadfast belief that the Ramseys were guilty.[8]
  3. ^ Former FBI profiler, John E. Douglas espoused the theory that the death was an act of retaliation or revenge against John Ramsey.[6]
  4. ^ Mary Lacy, Boulder County District Attorney took over the investigation from Boulder police on December 26, 2002. In April 2003, she agreed with a federal judge who sat on a 2002 libel lawsuit case that evidence in the suit is “more consistent with a theory that an intruder murdered JonBenet than it was with a theory that Mrs. Ramsey did.”[13]
  5. ^ a b c The Killing of JonBenét: The Truth Uncovered, broadcast by A&E on September 5, 2016, concluded that an unidentified male was responsible for JonBenét's death, due to DNA analysis. Dr. Lawrence Kobilinsky commented that "This person [the intruder] committed that sexual assault and murdered JonBenet."[21]
  6. ^ The Case of: JonBenét Ramsey investigative team reviewed the case, including the 911 call, ransom note, and other aspects of the case in re-created rooms of the Ramsey house. The documentary included past investigative footage with that of this investigative team, which included former FBI agent Jim Clemente, Dr. Henry Lee, former chief investigator for the Boulder District Attorney James Kolar, forensic patholigist Dr. Werner Spitz, James Fitzgerald, former Scotland Yard criminal behavior analyst Laura Richards, and Stan Burke.[12][23]
  7. ^ a b In 1998 Boulder Police Chief Mark Beckner said during an interview with a news reporter that Burke Ramsey was not involved in the killing of his sister. In May 1999 the Boulder County District Attorney's office reiterated that Burke Ramsey was not a suspect in the murder of JonBenét.[16]
  8. ^ One theory is that Patsy, who did not have a history of anger or spanking, accidentally stuck JonBenét after a bed-wetting episode, which lead to her death.[22] The 2016 In Case of documentary presented a unique theory that Burke accidentally hit her over the head when she tried to take part of his midnight pineapple snack,[22][f] however the Boulder police and DA had ruled Burke out years ago.[g] The strangulation could have been a "red-herring" aspect to the cover-up that followed.[22]
  9. ^ Police officers and detectives had become suspicious of the Ramseys from the time they answered the 911. They were concerned about their behavioral manner and that the family members weren't comforting one another. Patsy wore the clothes she wore the previous day. And, Burke had not come out of his bedroom to determine what had happened to his sister. The police reported that the case "was not adding up" in the next mornings paper, which was the first of many leaks made by the police that began to cast doubts about the Ramsey's innocence, as reported in the 2016 documentary, The Killing of JonBenét: The Truth Uncovered.[8] Concerned about the pace at which they were being suspected in the death of their daughter, the Ramseys hired attorneys, which made the police more sure of the Ramsey's guilt.[8]
  10. ^ Steve Thomas, a Boulder Police investigator on the case for almost 20 months, believes that Patsy Ramsey was involved in the death of JonBenét and that John Ramsey was involved in the coverup, according to his book JonBenét: Inside the Ramsey Murder Investigation.[14]
  11. ^ The 1999 grand jury called for indictment of the Ramseys for allegedly permitting "a child to be unreasonably placed in a situation which posed a threat of injury to the child's life or health which resulted in the death of JonBenet" and were involved in the cover up.[24] On October 13, 1999, Alex Hunter, who was the district attorney at the time, refused to sign the indictment, saying that the evidence was insufficient.[13][25] In 2002, the statute of limitations on the charges expired.[26] John Ramsey and family attorney L. Lin Wood asked to see the entire record of the grand jury, believing that they would not be implicated and had a right to see the records for themselves. The judge ruled against releasing more information because making the records public could impact potential future grand juries.[27]
  12. ^ James Kolar, a former investigator on the JonBenet Ramsey case and author of Foreign Faction: Who Really Kidnapped JonBenet?, believed that it was unlikely that her death was caused by an intruder.[28]
  13. ^ There is also a theory that DNA could have been transferred and does not fully exonerate the Ramseys. One of the commentators on this theory was Dr. Michael Baden, coroner and pathologist.[7][32] Former investigator for the Boulder County District Attorney's office Gordon Coombs claimed that: “We all shed DNA all the time within our skin cells. It can be deposited anywhere at any time for various reasons, reasons that are benign. [...] To clear somebody just on the premise of touch DNA, especially when you have a situation where the crime scene wasn’t secure at the beginning . . . really is a stretch.”[33]
  14. ^ Dr. Meyer, the coroner, was not able to determine whether JonBenét died of a skull fracture or strangulation[15]
  15. ^ A pad of paper which police believe is the pad the ransom note and a practice note were found in the Ramsey kitchen.[15][43][44] The practice note was addressed to Mr. and Mrs. Ramsey.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Annette Witheridge (February 6, 2009). "A cold case investigation into JonBenet Ramsey's death could finally bring answers..." Daily Mail Australia. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  2. ^ a b Julie Poppen (August 14, 1997). "JonBenet autopsy fails to pinpoint time of death: Rest of report indicates child's clothes may have been changed". Daily Camera. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d Charlie Brennan (September 1, 2016). "Boulder police chief updates JonBenét Ramsey case, 20 years on". Daily Camera. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c Lacy, Mary T. (July 9, 2008). "Ramsey Press Release". District Attorney's Office, Twentieth Judicial District, Boulder, Colorado. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  5. ^ a b c Christopher Anderston (August 31, 2000). "Ramseys give police Hi-Tec boots". Daily Camera.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w John E. Douglas and Mark Olshaker (2001). "The JonBenét Ramsey Murder". The Cases That Haunt Us: From Jack the Ripper to Jon Benet Ramsey, The FBI's Legendary Mindhunter Sheds New Light on the Mysteries That Won't Go Away. Scribner. ISBN 0671017063.
  7. ^ a b c d e Amelia McDonell-Parry (September 20, 2016). "3 Big Ways 'The Case of: JonBenét Ramsey' Got It Wrong". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 26, 2016.|
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o David Mills and Janet Taylor, executive producers for Mill Productions (September 5, 2016). The Killing of JonBenét: The Truth Uncovered (television). Mills Productions for A&E network.
  9. ^ a b c Clay Evans (March 16, 1997). "Ramsey doctors: No history of abuse". Daily Camera. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Mark Obmascik (September 22, 2016). "Experts: Conviction a long shot in JonBenet Ramsey case (originally published October 17, 1999)". Denver Post. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  11. ^ a b c d Christopher Anderson (May 1, 2001). "Smit presents intruder theory". Daily Camera. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  12. ^ a b Maureen Ryan (September 19, 2016). "TV Review: 'The Case Of: JonBenét Ramsey' Rehashes a Famous Murder". Variety. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  13. ^ a b c Daily Camera staff (January 27, 2013). "JonBenet Ramsey Case Timeline: 1996-2012". Huffington Post. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Karen Augé (September 22, 2016). "Book lays blame on Patsy Ramsey (original date April 10, 2000)". The Denver Post. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Karen Augé (October 14, 1999). "No indictment: Evidence voluminous but tricky". Denver Post. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  16. ^ a b Christopher Anderson (May 1999). "Burke Ramsey not suspect in killing, DA's office says". Daily Camera. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  17. ^ Camera staff and wire services (May 26, 1999). "Grand Jury heard from JonBenét's brother". Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  18. ^ a b c Michal Janofsky (April 10, 2000). "JonBenet's Mother Was Killer, Detective Says". New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  19. ^ Thomas Locke (December 21, 1996). "Access celebrates $1 billion mark". Daily Camera. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  20. ^ "Santa and the housekeeper: The forgotten JonBenet suspects". news.com.au. September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  21. ^ Jennifer Kovaleski (September 6, 2016). "New details revealed about JonBenet Ramsey's murder in A&E documentary". Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  22. ^ a b c Denver Post staff (September 14, 2016). "Burke Ramsey responds to conspiracy theories, accusations about JonBenét's murder". Daily Camera. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  23. ^ Lauren Piester (September 18, 2016). "3 Bombshells from The Case Of: JonBenét Ramsey". Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  24. ^ a b Michael Martinez and Faith Karimi (October 25, 2013). "Court papers: Grand jury in 1999 sought to indict JonBenet Ramsey's parents". CNN. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  25. ^ Martinez, Michael; Karimi, Faith (October 25, 2013). "Papers: Grand jury in 1999 sought to indict JonBenét Ramsey's parents". CNN. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  26. ^ "JonBenét Ramsey grand jury indictment accused parents of child abuse resulting in death". Denver Post. October 25, 2013. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  27. ^ "Court papers: JonBenet Ramsey grand jury sought indictment over child abuse". Guardian (US edition). October 25, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  28. ^ a b c d e "JonBenet Ramsey Case: James Kolar, Former Leading Investigator Rejects Intruder Theory In New Book". Huffington Post. July 20, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  29. ^ a b "Coroner's Report for JonBenét" (PDF). Office of the Boulder County Coroner. December 27, 1996. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  30. ^ "JonBenet: DNA Rules Out Parents". CBS News. December 16, 2004.
  31. ^ "Family cleared in JonBenét Ramsey's death". NBCNews.com. July 9, 2008. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  32. ^ Cindy Adams (September 13, 2016). "Unsolved JonBenét Ramsey murder lives". Page Six. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  33. ^ Andrea Morabito (September 12, 2016). "JonBenét Ramsey series questions key DNA evidence". New York Post. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  34. ^ a b c Charlie Brennan (January 27, 2013). "JonBenét Ramsey's death a tragic, bizarre case from the start". Daily Camera. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  35. ^ Howard Pankartz (February 15, 1997). "Autopsy shows sex assault". Denver Post. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  36. ^ a b c Matt Sebastian (December 26, 1998). "Clues elusive 2 years later". Daily Camera. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  37. ^ "JonBenét': The door the cops never opened". Newsweek. September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  38. ^ Daniel Bates (January 29, 2013). "EXCLUSIVE: D.A was 'too scared' to prosecute parents of JonBenet Ramsey despite grand jury indictment, claims author who co-wrote book with detective in case". DailyMail. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  39. ^ CNN Wires (February 26, 2015). "JonBenet Ramsey case: 9 things the ex-police chief just revealed". Fox2News. Retrieved October 2, 2016. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  40. ^ "Experts Dissect JonBenet Ramsey Ransom Note". ABC News. September 27, 1998. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  41. ^ Associated Press, Deb Stanley (February 25, 2015). "JonBenet Ramsey case: Former Boulder police chief Mark Beckner says police botched initial handling". ABC News. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  42. ^ a b Christopher Anderson (April 9, 2000). "Ex-detective's book points to Ramseys: Police and prosecutors blast Steve Thomas' decision to go public". Daily Camera. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  43. ^ "Bungled JonBenét Case Bursts a City's Majesty". The New York Times. December 5, 1997. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  44. ^ "Report Tells Of Draft Note For Ransom". The New York Times. January 9, 1997. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  45. ^ Camera staff and wire reporter (June 13, 1998). "Ramsey clothing offers clue: Pen in home used in ransom note, report says". Daily Camera. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  46. ^ a b c d e f "Tiny Particles Become Huge Mounds of Evidence". Daily Camera. December 27, 1997. Retrieved October 2, 2016.

Further reading

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