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A traceur performs an équilibre de chat (cat balance).

Parkour (sometimes abbreviated to PK) or l'art du déplacement[1] (English: the art of movement) is an activity with the aim of moving from one point to another as efficiently and quickly as possible, using principally the abilities of the human body.[2] It is meant to help one overcome obstacles, which can be anything in the surrounding environment—from branches and rocks to rails and concrete walls—and can be practiced in both rural and urban areas. Parkour practitioners are referred to as traceurs, or traceuses for females.[3]

Founded by David Belle in France, parkour focuses on practicing efficient movements to develop one's body and mind to be able to overcome obstacles in an emergency.

Overview

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A traceur performing a passe muraille.

Parkour is a physical activity that is difficult to categorize. Often miscategorized as a sport or an extreme sport, parkour has no set of rules, team work, formal hierarchy, or competitiveness.[4][5] It is an art or discipline that resembles self-defense in the ancient martial arts.[6][7] According to David Belle, "the physical aspect of parkour is getting over all the obstacles in your path as you would in an emergency. You want to move in such a way, with any movement, as to help you gain the most ground on someone or something, whether escaping from it or chasing toward it."[8] Thus, when faced with a hostile confrontation with a person, one will be able to speak, fight, or flee. As martial arts are a form of training for the fight, parkour is a form of training for the flight.[7] Because of its unique nature, it is often said that parkour is in its own category.

An characteristic of parkour is efficiency. Practitioners move not only as fast as they can, but also in the most direct and efficient way possible; a characteristic that distinguishes it from the similar practice of free running, which places more emphasis on freedom of movement, such as acrobatics.[9] Efficiency also involves avoiding injuries, short and long-term, part of why parkour's unofficial motto is être et durer (to be and to last). Those who are skilled at this activity normally have an extremely keen spatial awareness (a.k.a. air sense).[citation needed]

Traceurs say that parkour also influences one's thought process by enhancing self-confidence and critical-thinking skills that allow one to overcome everyday physical and mental obstacles.[4][10][11] A study by Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence in France reflects that traceurs seek for more sensation and leadership than gymnastic practitioners.[12]

MorumbiShopping shooting
LocationSão Paulo (south zone), Brazil
DateNovember 3, 1999
22:00[13] (UTC-3)
TargetMovie theater in MorumbiShopping
Attack type
mass murder, massacre
WeaponsUzi submachine gun
Deaths3
Injured5
PerpetratorsMateus da Costa Meira

The MorumbiShopping shooting was a mass killing inside the movie theater on November 3, 1999, on the MorumbiShopping in São Paulo (south zone), Brazil. The perpetrator, Mateus da Costa Meira, killed 3 persons and wounded more 5.[14]

Meira, who was studding the sixth year of medicine, had consumed cocaine.

Video game controversy

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In a interview to Rede Globo, Meira declared

I did not had sense that I was eliminating humans, but rather aliens of a game.

— Mateus da Costa Meira[15]

Notes

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  1. ^ Collectif Parkour France DB. "Avertissement mise en garde" (in French). Retrieved 2007-02-27.
  2. ^ Severine Souard. "Press - "The Tree" - L'Art en mouvement" (JPG) (in French). Retrieved 2007-07-02.
  3. ^ Webster's New Millennium Dictionary of English. "parkour". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  4. ^ a b Jeffy Mai (2008-04-14). "Students on campus are mastering Parkour, an art of self-awareness and body control". Retrieved 2008-04-19. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ Sam Ser (January 17, 2008). "Leap of faith". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
  6. ^ "What is Parkour?". americanparkour.com. 2004-05-12. Retrieved 2007-04-19. It is considered by many practitioners (known as "traceurs") as more of an art and discipline.
  7. ^ a b Kerry Folan (August 31, 2007). "For Parkour Fans, All the World's a Gym". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-06-08. Parkour can be compared to some martial arts, but without the violence; in the fight-or-flight response, parkour is the flight.
  8. ^ "Cali meets David Belle". pkcali.com. 2005-07-15. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
  9. ^ "What is Parkour?". americanparkour.com. 2004-05-12. Retrieved 2007-04-19. It is considered by many practitioners (known as "traceurs") as more of an art and discipline.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference parkour-journeys was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference GYamakasi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ N. Cazenave (April 5, 2007). "La pratique du parkour chez les adolescents des banlieues : entre recherche de sensation et renforcement narcissique". Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence. doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2007.02.001. Retrieved 2008-04-19.
  13. ^ Bowman, Robert (2007-05-21). "Panel receives details, roadblock". A Notícia. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
  14. ^ "Report of the Virginia Tech Review Panel" (pdf). Commonwealth of Virginia. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
  15. ^ http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u95220.shtml

pt:Mateus da Costa Meira]]

Category:Crimes in 1999

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