User:Cardinal0205

Possible Wiki articles that I would like to work on are: Gender Pay Gap, Gender Pay Gap in the United States, and Women's National Team.

One resource that looks useful in illustrating the gender wage gap within first, second, and third world countries is Jayoung Yoon's article in Asian Journal of Women's Studies entitled "Labor market outcomes for women in East Asia."

Sources

Here is an annotated bibliography of my sources for my Gender pay gap contribution and my academic essay.

1. According to Richard U. Agesa, Jacqueline Agesa, and Andrew Dabalen, Kenya’s gender pay gap is inconsistent throughout the earnings distribution; the gender pay gap widens at the lower and upper ends of the earnings distribution. The following principal covariates are used to help identify gender differences in ability and discrimination: industry, occupation, higher education, and region. My analysis on the gender pay gap cross-nationally will benefit from these findings and this perspective on Kenya. There aren’t many studies on African countries, so I will be able to offer a unique perspective in my academic essay on the gender pay gaps in Africa with the Agesas’ and Dabalen’s article.
2. Usamah F. Alfarhan analyzes the Household Expenditure and Income Surveys of Jordan (2002, 2006, and 2008) to examine the role the traditional male breadwinner culture has on gender differences in wages and participation rates in Jordan’s workforce. Alfarhan identifies much of the gender pay gap is due to unexplained factors, mainly discrimination, from similarities in selective participationof jobs, education levels, and job experienceamong men and women. Alfarhan’s article will aid my academic essay through improving the worldwide view as well as adding to the perspective of sectoral pay gaps and public policies as it did in the Gender Pay Gap article.
3. The Global Gender Gap Report 2009 examines the effects of economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment to rank 134 countries based on the degree of the gender pay gap, narrow (1st) or wide (134th). The report provides comparisons with the countries’ rankings in 2006, 2007, and 2008. A relative comparison across time has proven helpful in my Wikipedia contribution and will continue to be helpful in my academic essay to show the gender pay gap patterns from 2006 to 2015.
4. Asma Hyder and Barry Reilly use the Pakistan Labour Force Survey (2001-02) to assess Pakistan’s pay gap differences between public and private sector jobs. In Pakistan, public sector jobs are associated with higher wages and levels of schooling. Hyder and Reilly evaluate the extent to which the public sector has a narrower gender pay gap than the private sector. Hyder’s and Reilly’s findings on the gender pay gap differences in Pakistan amongst the two sectors will aid me in developing a more worldwide view for my academic essay.
5. Vietnam has transferred to a market-based economy from a central-based economy through Doi Moi (1986), “renovation.” Amy Y. C. Liu suggests that this transition’s implications are gender biased; more women are likely to leave the public sector to either join the private sector or leave the workforce entirely. The public sector suggests a smaller gender pay gap according to Liu. Liu’s article will enhance my interpretations of the articles about Pakistan and Turkey and their intra-sector differences for my academic essay on the gender pay gap globally.
6. The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 utilizes the economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment subindexes to rank 145 countries based on how narrow (1st) or wide (145th) the gender pay gap is in the individual country. The report also groups countries based on region and income. The recent data gave my contributions to the Gender Pay Gap article updated information that viewed the pay gap objectively. The data adds information to a limited literature on the gender pay gap topic.
7. Meltem Ucal, Mary Lou O’Neil, and Sule Toktas examine the gender pay gap of Turkey in relation to the private and public sectors of the workplace, specifically with regards to higher education. Despite the relatively high percentage of female professors compared to the rest of Europe, Turkey’s public and private universities convey a recognition of “intra-class inequality,” a gender pay gap within the “same class positions.” I plan on using this source to compare Turkey to Pakistan from Hyder’s and Reilly’s article and to Vietnam from Liu’s article, both on public and private sectors of the workforce.
8. Using data from the OECD Family Database, Jayoung Yoon examines the relationship between gender differences in the workforce and public policies in East Asia, specifically China, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea. Yoon doesn’t find a regional explanation for the “gender hierarchy” effects, but she identifies institutional influences exclusive to the individual countries that may affect women’s participation in the workforce. This article helped me establish four substantial contributions on different countries and a more worldwide view for the Gender Pay Gap article. Yoon’s article will also contribute to my academic essay by providing a worldwide view and a group of countries close in geography to compare their individual pay gaps.