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History

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The history of Business Cycle Surveys stretches back at least to the 1920s, according to the OECD[1]. The oldest Business Cycle Surveys still being conducted today are the survey of the Institute for Supply Management for the USA (since 1948)[2], the ifo Konjunkturtest for Germany conducted by Ifo Institute for Economic Research (since 1949)[3], the Business Cycle Survey of the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE) for France (since 1951)[4], the WIFO-Konjunkturtest for Austria established in 1954 by the Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO)[5], and the Business Cycle Survey conducted by KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle for Switzerland (since 1955)[6].

In 1960 the Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys (CIRET) has been established. It "is a forum for leading economists and institutions, that conduct and analyze business and/or consumer survey data"[7]. As of January 2018, according to CIRET's own accounts 55 national institutions (universities, statistical offices, national banks, public and private research institutes) from 32 countries are represented among the members of CIRET as well as several international organisations like the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development[8].

1961 the European Union launched its Joint Harmonised EU Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys[9]. Under this program the European Union grants subsidies to institutions that conduct Business Cycle Surveys and Consumer Sentiment Surveys in its member and accession countries. As a service in return these institutions have to include a given set of questions in their surveys, have to stick to a specific schedule concerning data collection, have to provide the European Union with the results of their surveys and the metadata of their surveys. The Joint Harmonised EU Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys covers six economic sectors (manufacturing, construction, services, retail trade, consumers, financial sector). The results are published monthly at the European Commission's website.

A comprehensive list of all Business Cycle Surveys is unavailable. However, as of January 2018 OECD's Main Economic Indicators contain Business Cycle Survey results of 41 countries[10]. The OECD's "Business Tendency Surveys: A Handbook" lists a "Selection of Institutes Conducting Business Tendency Surveys" from 60 different countries worldwide in 2003[1].

References

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  1. ^ a b OECD (2003). Business Tendency Surveys: A Handbook. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). ISBN 92-64-19894-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  2. ^ This survey is the basis of the Purchasing Managers' Index for the USA.
  3. ^ Nerb, Gernot (2004). "Bedeutung von repräsentativen Unternehmensumfragen für die empirische Konjunkturforschung". In Goldrian, Georg (ed.). Handbuch der umfragebasierten Konjunkturforschung. ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung (in German). Vol. 15. Munich, Germany: ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. p. 2. ISBN 3-88512-431-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  4. ^ Bortoli, Clément; Gorin, Yaëlle; Olive, Pierre-Damien; Renne, Catherine (2 April 2015). "New advances in the use of INSEE's business tendency surveys to analyse the short-term economic outlook". Conjoncture in France (March 2015). Paris, France: Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE): 22. ISSN 1152-9776. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  5. ^ Hölzl, Werner; Schwarz, Gerhard (19 December 2014). "Der WIFO-Konjunkturtest: Methodik und Prognoseeigenschaften". WIFO-Monatsberichte (in German). 2014 (87 (12)). Vienna, Austria: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (WIFO): 836. ISSN 0029-9898. Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  6. ^ KOF (12 October 2017). KOF Manufacturing Survey Metainformation. Zurich, Switzerland: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  7. ^ Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys. "CIRET-Homepage". Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  8. ^ "Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys". Wikipedia. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  9. ^ European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. "The Joint Harmonised EU Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys - User Guide". Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  10. ^ OECD. "Business Tendency and Consumer Opinion Surveys (MEI) : Business tendency surveys". Retrieved 7 January 2018.
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