User:Caitlincaterinichia/Opioid use disorder

Article Draft: Feedback

Initial Feedback: I really like this article and feel that the authors thus var have done a great job indicating every detail about opioid use disorders. There is a huge amount of references listed on this article already so finding new ones may be a challenge.. I listed several below and would be interested in adding details about how to help opioid use for those who are struggling and seek change.

This article seems to list withdrawal, overdose, and intoxication symptoms, but will research if any recent studies have shown any new findings when it comes to these subjects. I thought the "cause" section was very neutral but as time has gone on, I believe this could be expanded upon with newer research.

References

*possible usage if not already affiliated with other claims made in article*

Blanco, Carlos, and Nora D Volkow. “Management of Opioid Use Disorder in the USA: Present Status and Future Directions.” The Lancet, vol. 393, no. 10182, 2019, pp. 1760–1772, www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)33078-2/fulltext#seccestitle10, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)33078-2.

Sharma, Bikash, et al. “Opioid Use Disorders.” Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, vol. 25, no. 3, 1 July 2016, pp. 473–487, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920977/, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2016.03.002.

Strang, John F., et al. “A Clinical Program for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Neurodiverse/Autistic Adolescents Developed through Community-Based Participatory Design.” Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, vol. 50, no. 6, 6 May 2020, pp. 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2020.1731817.

Wakeman, Sarah E., et al. “Comparative Effectiveness of Different Treatment Pathways for Opioid Use Disorder.” JAMA Network Open, vol. 3, no. 2, 5 Feb. 2020, pp. e1920622–e1920622, jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2760032, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20622.

Wu, Li-Tzy, et al. “Treatment Utilization among Persons with Opioid Use Disorder in the United States.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 169, Dec. 2016, pp. 117–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.015.

Prevention

Oxycodone 10mg, number facing up; the squares in the image represent one half centimeter, so the pill is around 0.75cm. This pill was taken out of a blister pack that was purchased legally, there is next to no chance that it is a counterfeit.

Many U.S. officials and government leaders have become involved in implementing preventative measures to decrease opioid usage within the US. opioid crisis to set in place preventative measures to ensure the decrease of opioid usage. The Targeted education of medical providers and government officials can lead to provisions made to impacting current opioid distribution amongst healthcare providers.Improving opioid prescribing guidelines and practices can help reduce unnecessary exposure to opioids, which in turn lowers the risk of developing OUD (opioid use disorder). Healthcare providers should strictly follow evidence-based guidelines, such as the CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for prescribing opioids for pain, to ensure safe and appropriate opioid use. Another way of preventing OUD is educating the public about the risks of prescription opioids and illegal substances like fentanyl which is crucial knowledge in preventing opioid use disorder. Awareness campaigns, community outreach programs, and school-based education initiatives can help individuals make informed decisions about opioid use and recognize the signs of addiction early on.

Symptoms

• Bone pain and muscular aches/spasms/tension

• Changes in body temperature

• Chills and goosebumps

• Hyperalgesia (enhanced pain sensitivity)

• Insomnia

• Lacrimation

• Ptosis (drooping eyelids) and pupillary dilation

• Stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea

• Teeth chattering

• Weakness

• Alexithymia

• Dysphoria

• Emotional pain

• Irritability

• Loss of motivation for natural rewards

• Malaise

• Stress

History

2D structure of semi-synthetic opiate buprenorphine.

Buprenorphine was one of the first approved opioid dependence drugs introduced to the United States in the early 2000's in order to combat the issues faced with the usage of opioids. This discovery came after decades of research and eventually led to the development of others drugs used to fight opioid use disorders.

Treatment Challenges (new section)

The stigma surrounding addiction can heavily push individuals from seeking the help needed to break opioid usage. Many people view addiction as a moral failing rather than a medical condition, which can lead to feelings of shame and isolation. This stigma can also affect family members, making it difficult for them to support their loved ones effectively.

Accessing appropriate treatment is often a significant barrier. Factors include:

• Availability of Services: In many areas, especially rural regions, there may be a lack of treatment facilities or qualified healthcare providers who specialize in opioid use disorder.
• Insurance Coverage: Individuals without insurance or those whose plans do not cover substance use disorder treatments may struggle to find affordable care.
• Transportation Issues: For many, getting to treatment facilities can be challenging due to a lack of transportation options.

The variety of treatment modalities available for OUD—such as medication-assisted treatment (MAT), counseling, and residential programs—can be overwhelming. Patients may have difficulty understanding which option is best suited for their needs, leading to confusion and potential disengagement from the treatment process. Withdrawal symptoms from opioids can be severe and uncomfortable, leading many individuals to relapse before they complete detoxification or engage fully in recovery programs. The fear of withdrawal often prevents individuals from seeking help altogether.

*Looking through the article now I do think some people have made edits to some of the pieces I have added*

Revisions after reading peer reviews:

After viewing all of the helpful and great feedback provided from my peers I will definitely be doing a deep dive into more information regarding the history section of the article and adding as much information as I can to make that section more robust! I will also look out for many more articles and/or journals to help build my case as I add information into the article. I also will seek to find more references that fall within the five year time span so that I am adding information that is more current and/or relevant but also think it is helpful to see older articles that have remained current with the topic of opioid use disorder. It is alway nice to have a varying amount of information spanning from all times to see both new and old information.

As I have stated before, this and many other articles can be harder to add information to because it already contains so much knowledge! But I want to add as much new information as I can in order to convey the important details sufficiently!

Instructor Feedback:

I would recommend cleaning up your sandbox at this stage. You can delete the Pt. 1 above. I have layered in some suggested edits to Pt 2 above. As you determine what edits to accept/reject, I would make your sandbox start to "read" like the published article. Take off notes to reviewers like "Add". Just add the information. For the symptom list, see if you can add Wikilinks to help readers link out to the specific symptoms (where this is possible). You have cited three examples of peer-reviewed secondary literature published in the last 10 years (good work). There are some citation errors (gray when in edit mode and red when in read mode) that will need to be manually corrected. Let me know if you are unable to fix these. Ensure you review the final assignment rubric so that you are clear on the areas I am evaluating. Keep up the strong work!