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Harvard citation templates, along with Harvard reference templates, are tools that can be used when documenting the sources of a Wikipedia article, if the editor has chosen to follow the Harvard referencing citation style.[1] These templates were created to do two things: to make it easier to create correctly formatted Harvard references and citations, and to give editors the option to create a hyperlink to a Harvard reference.
The use of Citation templates is not required by WP:CITE and is neither encouraged nor discouraged by any other Wikipedia citation guidelines. They may be used at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with the other editors on the article. Some editors find them helpful, while other editors find them annoying, particularly when used inline in the text. Because they are optional, editors should not change articles from one style to the other without consensus.
Harvard references and citations
[edit]Main article at Wikipedia:Harvard referencing
- Harvard references, collected under a ==References== heading at the bottom of the article, contain a full and detailed description of the magazines, news article, books or other sources of information that are cited in the article text. There are several examples of Harvard references at the bottom of this article.
- Harvard citations, placed inside the text of an article immediately after a direct quote or a significant piece of information from a verifiable source, are used to cite the particular reference that the information came from. More than one citation within the article can refer to a single reference, since a single source may be used more than once . The citation must includes the author(s) name(s) and the year of publication, and can optionally include page numbers. The citation link will point to the first Harvard reference in the References section that matches both the author(s) and publication date (see examples below).
- Both the in-text citations and the references at the bottom of the page have format rules. For a full description of their format with examples, see Harvard referencing.
Citation template styles
[edit]A summary of the syntax of all Harvard citation templates is at Wikipedia:Citation templates.
The Harvard citation templates available for use can be divided into two groups, depending on the format used for displaying page numbers. One style displays page numbers using p., creating a citation that looks like (Blust 1999, p. 12). The second style uses a colon, as for example (Blust 1999:12).
The actual text that you would write in order to display this on the page, including the wikitext of the templates, would look like this:
... creating a citation that looks like {{Harv|Blust|1999|p=12}}. The second style uses a colon, as for example {{Harvcol|Blust|1999|p=12}}.
With p.
[edit]Three templates are currently available using this style: {{Harvard citation}}, {{Harv}} and {{Harvnb}}. Except for their different names, the {{Harv}} and {{Harvard citation}} templates are identical. The name of the former has been shortened, making it quicker and easier to type. The third template, {{Harvnb}}, does not display the surrounding parentheses (brackets), so the "nb" in its name is an abbreviation for "no brackets." This style is very useful for placing more than one citation inside a single set of parentheses, which is often done when listing a number of related articles. An example of using a number of citations together inside parentheses might look like this:
"Although most scholars accept the blahblah theory, a few have criticized its main points (e.g. Blust 1999, Tsuchida & Yamada 1991, and Peiros 2004)."
The actual text that you would write in order to display this on the page, including the wikitext of the templates, would look like this:
"Although most scholars accept the blahblah theory, a few have criticized its main points (e.g. {{Harvnb|Blust|1999}}, {{Harvnb|Tsuchida|Yamada|1991}}, and {{Harvnb|Peiros|2004}})."
With colon
[edit]Three templates are currently available using this style: {{Harvcol}}, {{Harvcolnb}} and {{Harvcoltxt}}:
- {{Harvcol}} is identical in every way to {{Harvard citation}} and {{Harv}}, except for the different page display style.
- In the same way, {{Harvcolnb}} is identical to {{Harvnb}} aside from page display.
{{Harvcoltxt}} is different in that it displays the name(s) or the author(s) outside the parentheses, with they publication year inside. There is currently no template of this sort which uses p. to display page numbers. An example of {{Harvcoltxt}} in use might look like this:
"Moreover, Diamond (2000:12–24) rejected the blahblah theory on the grounds that it was not the topic of any Wikipedia article."
The actual text that you would write in order to display this on the page, including the wikitext of the templates, would look like this:
"Moreover, {{ Harvcoltxt |Diamond|2000|pp=12-24}} rejected the blahblah theory on the grounds that it was not the topic of any Wikipedia article."
See Also
[edit]- Wikipedia:Harvard referencing
- Wikipedia:Citation templates
- Wikipedia:Embedded Citations
- Wikipedia:Footnotes
- Wikipedia:Citing sources/example style
- Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference
- Template:Harvard reference
- Template:Harvard citation
- Template:Harv
- Template:Harvnb
- Template:Harvcol
- Template:Harvcolnb
- Template:Harvcoltxt
- Template:Wikicite
References
[edit]This is a demonstration of a references section.
- ^ Other citation styles include Wikipedia:Embedded Citations and Wikipedia:Footnotes (such as this one). Note that while you have to manually add references within the References section, the text within footnotes is automagically displayed at the bottom of the page.
- {{Harvard reference | Surname=Bellwood| Given=Peter | Title=Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian archipelago | Publisher=University of Hawai'i Press| Place=Honolulu | Year=1997 }}.
- {{Harvard reference | Surname=Blust| Given1=R.| Year= 1999| Chapter=Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics. | Editor= E. Zeitoun & P.J.K Li | Title=Selected papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics | Edition=(pp. 31-94) | Publisher=Academia Sinica | Place=Taipei}}.
- {{Harvard reference | Surname=Diamond|Given=Jared M| Title=Taiwan's gift to the world. (PDF) | Journal=Nature | Volume=403 |Year=2000 | Page=709-710}}.
- {{Harvard reference | Surname=Gold | Given=Thomas B. | Title=State and society in the Taiwan miracle | Publisher=M.E. Sharpe | Place=Armonk, New York | Year=1986 }}.
- {{Harvard reference | Surname=Li | Given=Paul Jen-kuei | Title=A really good (albeit imaginary) book about Taiwain's aborigines | Publisher=M.E. Sharpe | Place=Armonk, New York | Year=2001 }}.
- {{Harvard reference | Surname=Peiros| Given=Ilia | Title= Austronesian: What linguists know and what they believe they know| Publisher=Paper presented at the workshop on Human migrations in continental East Asia and Taiwan | Place= Geneva, June 10-13 | Year=2004 }}
- {{Harvard reference | Surname=Smith | Given=Thomas B. | Title=State and society in the Taiwan miracle | Publisher=M.E. Sharpe | Place=Armonk, New York | Year=2006 }}
- {{Harvard reference |Surname=Thurgood|Given=Graham|Title=From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects. Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications No. 28 | Publisher=University of Hawai'i Press| Place=Honolulu | Year=1999 }}.
- {{Harvard reference | Surname1=Tsuchida | Given1=S. | Surname2=Yamada | Given2=Y. | Year= 1991 | Chapter=Ogawa’s Siraya/Makatao/Taivoan comparative vocabulary | Editor=S. Tsuchida, Y. Yamada & T. Moriguchi | Title=Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai | Publisher=The University of Tokyo | Place=Tokyo}}.