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CFCF/Draft:Seasonality in disease

Seasonality in disease refers to the predictable and often regular change in occurrence of certain diseases throughout the year. This phenomenon is often influenced by environmental factors, human behavior, and in case of infectious diseases also by host-pathogen interactions.

Epidemiology

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Infectious disease

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Many infectious diseases that significantly impact public health exhibit seasonality, where the incidence of the disease increases during specific seasons or times of the year.[1] This phenomenon has been recognized since the times of Hippocrates, yet the reasons for the seasonality of infectious diseases transmitted from person to person are still not fully comprehended.[1] Infectious diseases that exhibit such seasonality include many respiratory tract infections such as influenza, coronavirus infections[2] (including Covid-19), the common cold as well as vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and zika virus infection.[3]

Noncommunicable disease

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Some noncommunicable diseases also display seasonal patterns. For instance, the incidence of relapses in multiple sclerosis is reduced in fall within temperate climates.[4] Additionally, several psychiatric disorders, including seasonal affective disorder and mania in bipolar disorder, are known to have distinct seasonal patterns.[5] Auto-inflammatory disorders also display seasonal patterns, such as sarcoidosis, which is thought to indicate a possible underlying association with pathogen exposure.[6] Sports injuries typically occur with variation of injury type and incidence over the on and off season.[7] Cardiovascular disease[8]

Mechanisms

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Seasonal variations in infectious diseases can be attributed to changes in host behavior, vector dynamics, environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall, and direct effects of seasonal changes on pathogens themselves.[3]

References

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  1. ^ a b Fisman, David N. (2007-04-01). "Seasonality of Infectious Diseases". Annual Review of Public Health. 28 (1): 127–143. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144128. ISSN 0163-7525.
  2. ^ Park, Sangshin; Lee, Yeonjin; Michelow, Ian C.; Choe, Young June (2020-11). "Global Seasonality of Human Coronaviruses: A Systematic Review". Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 7 (11): ofaa443. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa443. ISSN 2328-8957. PMC 7651300. PMID 33204751. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ a b Mordecai, Erin A. (2017). "Detecting the impact of temperature on transmission of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya using mechanistic models". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 11 (4): e0005568. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005568. PMID 28448507.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ Nabizadeh, Fardin; Valizadeh, Parya; Yazdani Tabrizi, Maryam; Moayyed, Kimia; Ghomashi, Niousha; Mirmosayyeb, Omid (2022-09-28). "Seasonal and monthly variation in multiple sclerosis relapses: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Acta Neurologica Belgica. 122 (6): 1447–1456. doi:10.1007/s13760-022-02103-y. ISSN 2240-2993. PMID 36171477.
  5. ^ Wang, Baowu; Chen, Daniel (2013-07). "Evidence for seasonal mania: a review". Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 19 (4): 301–308. doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000432600.32384.c5. ISSN 1538-1145. PMID 23852105. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Ramos-Casals, Manuel; Kostov, Belchin; Brito-Zerón, Pilar; Sisó-Almirall, Antoni; Baughman, Robert P.; Autoimmune Big Data Study Group (2019-08). "How the Frequency and Phenotype of Sarcoidosis is Driven by Environmental Determinants". Lung. 197 (4): 427–436. doi:10.1007/s00408-019-00243-2. ISSN 1432-1750. PMID 31190130. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Hootman, Jennifer M.; Dick, Randall; Agel, Julie (2007). "Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives". Journal of Athletic Training. 42 (2): 311–319. ISSN 1938-162X. PMC 1941297. PMID 17710181.
  8. ^ Stewart, Simon; Keates, Ashley K.; Redfern, Adele; McMurray, John J. V. (2017-11). "Seasonal variations in cardiovascular disease". Nature Reviews Cardiology. 14 (11): 654–664. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.76. ISSN 1759-5010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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