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School To Prison Pipeline Trend

Introduction

The 21st century is an enlightened society with developed method. It faces a predicament that is a direct result of previous pop culture (1980's-90's), many children sentenceced to jail because of pre set circumstances instead of school. Many states handling discipline differently with more leaning towards a more strict approach. This article will discuss the demographic of children (under 18) that are imprisoned, programs in place to encourage to encourage school attendance, news as well as resources.

a Texas Youth Commission facility in unincorporated Lee County, Texas

Through the juvenile courts and the adult criminal justice system, the United States incarcerates more of its youth than any other country in the world, a reflection of the larger trends in incarceration practices in the United States. In 2010, approximately 70,800 juveniles were incarcerated in youth detention facilities alone.^[1] Approximately 500,000 youth are brought to detention centers in a given year.^[2] This data does not reflect juveniles tried as adults. Around 40% are incarcerated in privatized, for-profit facilities.^[3]

Programs

School-Based Diversion Initiative A government funded program that caters to many poverty stricken children in the U.S , including domestic abuse, financial struggles, violence and neglect. Having been raised in such an environment only produces a life of hardships, incompetency and overall an unproductive life. Many states have ignored this issue, leaving nonprofits to deal with these circumstances without giving any currency to support. Connecticut has developed the School-Based Diversion Initiative in 2009 that teaches young children the long term effects of being in and out of jail. Contrast to other programs such as the Tv show Beyond Scared Straight who simply, as the name implies, scare troubled kids into submission. Develop kids into having a better understanding of their decisions. Bernadette Conway, the state's chief administrative judge for juvenile matters, released a quote saying, "The longer a child stays out of the juvenile justice system, the better the outcome is for that child," ^[4] In the recent past six years the school based diversion initiative has reduced 21 schools arrest rates by 45%.

PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION TRAINING PROGRAM The PCITP takes an unusual, indirect approach to preventing child delinquency and that is addressing the parent/child relationship. This program address a unique issue that could be more difficult than facing the child. A total of 12 weeks teaches parents how to handle and if need be correct children ages 2-7. This program has been affective in helping kids with hyperactivity, aggressive behavior, and A.D.D.

THE NEBRASKA CORRECTIONAL YOUTH FACILITY This program is reversed engineered to be effective from the inside out. Children who already are in a detention center ages from 15-21 are required to enroll in this opportunity. Within this program is another project entitled “Project Heart” that incorporates shelter dogs that are unfit for adoption to be taken care of by inmates. This teaches responsibility, compassion and overall helps them look after something other than their selves.

Demogrpahic

Race	Number Incarcerated per 100k
White	100 Children
Black	173 Children
Hispanic	173 Children

The chart displayed shows the latest statistics of juveniles incarcerated as of 2013 based on the Child Trends DataBank^[5] Darrik Hamilton (Associate Professor of Economics and Urban Policy and Director of Milano Doctoral Program at The New School for social Research) conducted with his colleagues a survey. Beginning their studies based of a previous study in 1979 entitled National Longitudinal Survey of Youth which classified children based on residency, assets, debts and race. Their findings showed that 2.7 of the poorest white kids whose household income was in the poorest 10th of the distribution were imprisoned. About 10 percent of the wealthiest black children whose household income was greater than $69,000 in 2012 were imprisoned. Both groups had more debts than assets. Hamilton later released a quote saying, "Race trumps class, at least when it comes to incarceration,"- Darrick Hamilton ^[6]

News

Resources

School To Prison Pipeline

^ "Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie". Prison Policy Initiative. Retrieved 2014-10-13., data from "Sarah Hockenberry: Juveniles in Residential Placement, 2010 (Juvenile Offenders and Victims: National Report Series, Bulletin, June 2013)" (PDF). US Department of Justice. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
^ Holman & Zeidenberg 2006, p. 3
^ Chris Kirkham (22 October 2013). Prisoners of Profit: Private Prison Empire Rises Despite Startling Record Of Juvenile Abuse. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
^ (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/23/poor-white-kids-are-less-likely-to-go-to-prison-than-rich-black-kids/
^ https://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/88_fig1.jpg
^ (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/23/poor-white-kids-are-less-likely-to-go-to-prison-than-rich-black-kids/

[1] "Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie". Prison Policy Initiative. Retrieved 2014-10-13., data from "Sarah Hockenberry: Juveniles in Residential Placement, 2010 (Juvenile Offenders and Victims: National Report Series, Bulletin, June 2013)" (PDF). US Department of Justice. Retrieved 2014-10-13.

[2] Holman & Zeidenberg 2006, p. 3

[3] Chris Kirkham (22 October 2013). Prisoners of Profit: Private Prison Empire Rises Despite Startling Record Of Juvenile Abuse. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 24 October 2013.

[4] (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/23/poor-white-kids-are-less-likely-to-go-to-prison-than-rich-black-kids/

[5] ttps://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/88_fig1.jpg

[6] (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/23/poor-white-kids-are-less-likely-to-go-to-prison-than-rich-black-kids/

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