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18th century Prime Ministers

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Prime Ministers during the 18th century were Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Great Britain, (formed by the Act of Union 1707 and comprising England and Wales and Scotland). Robert Harley and Sidney Godolphin had formed governments during the reign of Queen Anne but are not considered to be Prime Ministers.

Name Portrait Entered office Left office Political party Other ministerial offices held Notes and key events
Sir Robert Walpole
(from 1742 as Earl of Orford)
4 April 1721 11 February 1742 Whig First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer & Leader of the House of Commons Regarded as the first Prime Minister in the modern sense; The South Sea Company bubble; criticised for Great Britain's poor performance in the War of Jenkins' Ear.
The Earl of Wilmington 16 February 1742 2 July 1743 Whig First Lord of the Treasury Increased tax on spirits; in poor health for much of his time as Prime Minister, the government was led de facto by John Carteret.
Henry Pelham 27 August 1743 6 March 1754 Whig First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer & Leader of the House of Commons Reorganisation of the Royal Navy; adoption of the Gregorian Calendar; Marriage Act 1753; helped end the War of the Austrian Succession.
The Duke of Newcastle
(1st term)
16 March 1754 16 November 1756 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Led Great Britain into the Seven Years' War with France in North America.
The Duke of Devonshire 16 November 1756 25 June 1757 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords The government was largely run by William Pitt the Elder.
The Duke of Newcastle
(2nd term)
2 July 1757 26 May 1762 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Great Britain gained more influence abroad in the Seven Years' War; the war was largely prosecuted by Pitt the Elder as Secretary of State.
The Earl of Bute 26 May 1762 16 April 1763 Tory First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Ended the dominance of the Whigs and the Seven Years' War.
George Grenville 16 April 1763 13 July 1765 Whig First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer & Leader of the House of Commons Lowered domestic tax at the expense of the colonies; introduced the Stamp Act 1765 (which ultimately led to the American Revolution).
The Marquess of Rockingham
(1st term)
File:Charles-Wentworth.jpg 13 July 1765 30 July 1766 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Repealed the controversial Stamp Act, inspired by protests from both American colonists and British manufacturers who were hurt by it.
The Earl of Chatham, "William Pitt the Elder" 30 July 1766 14 October 1768 Whig Lord Privy Seal The first real Imperialist; credited with the birth of the British Empire; indirectly responsible for the French Revolution (due to Great Britain's defeat of France in Canada).
The Duke of Grafton 14 October 1768 28 January 1770 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Attempted to reconcile with the American colonies.
Lord North 28 January 1770 22 March 1782 Tory First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer & Leader of the House of Commons Led Great Britain into the American Revolution, making a number of tactical errors; the Gordon Riots; resigned after a vote of no confidence.
The Marquess of Rockingham
(2nd term)
File:Charles-Wentworth.jpg 27 March 1782 1 July 1782 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Acknowledged the independence of the United States; began a process of political reform (however died in office).
The Earl of Shelburne 4 July 1782 2 April 1783 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Planned political reform; secured peace with the United States, France and Spain.
The Duke of Portland
(1st term)
2 April 1783 19 December 1783 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Titular head of the Fox-North Coalition. Attempted to reform the British East India Company, but was blocked by George III.
William Pitt the Younger
(1st term)
19 December 1783 14 March 1801 Tory First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer & Leader of the House of Commons India Act 1784; attempted to remove rotten boroughs; personally opposed to the slave trade; reduced the national debt due to the rebellion in the North American colonies; formed the Triple Alliance; Constitutional Act of 1791; war with France starting in 1793; introduced the first income tax; Act of Union 1800.

19th century Prime Ministers

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Prime Ministers during the 19th century were Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, following the Act of Union 1800 (which merged the Kingdom of Ireland with the Kingdom of Great Britain).

Name Portrait Entered office Left office Political party Other ministerial offices held Notes and key events
Henry Addington 17 March 1801 10 May 1804 Tory First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer & Leader of the House of Commons Negotiated the Treaty of Amiens with France in 1802.
William Pitt the Younger
(2nd term)
10 May 1804 23 January 1806 Tory First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer & Leader of the House of Commons Alliance with Russia, Austria and Sweden against France (Third Coalition); Battle of Trafalgar; Battle of Ulm; Battle of Austerlitz.
The Lord Grenville 11 February 1806 31 March 1807 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Abolition of the slave trade.
The Duke of Portland
(2nd term)
31 March 1807 4 October 1809 Tory First Lord of the Treasury Headed a Tory government; was old and ill, leaving the Cabinet to their own devices (largely headed by Spencer Perceval).
Spencer Perceval 4 October 1809 11 May 1812 Tory First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster & Leader of the House of Commons Industrial revolution; descent of George III into madness; his administration was notable for the lack of senior statesmen (Perceval also served as the Chancellor of the Exchequer); Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars; as of 2007, the only Prime Minister to have been assassinated.
The Earl of Liverpool 8 June 1812 9 April 1827 Tory First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Oversaw the United Kingdom's victory in the Napoleonic Wars; the Congress of Vienna; an economic recession in 1817; The War of 1812 (in Britain, the American War of 1812 to 1815); Peterloo Massacre in 1819; return to the gold standard in 1819; the Cato Street Conspiracy to assassinate Liverpool in 1820.
George Canning 10 April 1827 8 August 1827 Tory First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer & Leader of the House of Commons Died shortly after taking office.
The Viscount Goderich 31 August 1827 21 January 1828 Tory First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Lacked support amongst colleagues; resigned.
The Duke of Wellington
(1st term)
22 January 1828 16 November 1830 Tory First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Catholic Emancipation Bill (over which he fought a duel).
The Earl Grey 22 November 1830 9 July 1834 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Reform Act 1832; restriction of employment of children; abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire.
The Viscount Melbourne
(1st term)
16 July 1834 14 November 1834 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords William IV's opposition forced him to resign.
The Duke of Wellington
(2nd term)
14 November 1834 10 December 1834 Tory First Lord of the Treasury, Secretary of State for the Home Department, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies & Leader of the House of Lords Caretaker government while Sir Robert Peel was located and returned to London. Held many of the major posts himself.
Sir Robert Peel
(1st term)
10 December 1834 8 April 1835 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer & Leader of the House of Commons Unable to form a majority in Parliament so resigned.
The Viscount Melbourne
(2nd term)
18 April 1835 30 August 1841 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords A father figure to Queen Victoria; Municipal Corporations Act 1835.
Sir Robert Peel
(2nd term)
30 August 1841 29 June 1846 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Mines Act 1842; Factory Act 1844; Railway Act 1844; repeal of the Corn Laws (triggered by the Irish potato famine);
The Lord John Russell
(1st term)
(afterwards PM as Earl Russell)
30 June 1846 21 February 1852 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Education Act 1847; Australian Colonies Act 1850; improved the Poor Law; .
The Earl of Derby
(1st term)
23 February 1852 17 December 1852 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Government collapsed when his Chancellor's Budget was defeated.
The Earl of Aberdeen 19 December 1852 30 January 1855 Peelite First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Entered the country into the Crimean War; resigned due to the formation of an enquiry into the conduct of the war. First and last Peelite Prime Minister.
The Viscount Palmerston
(1st term)
6 February 1855 19 February 1858 Whig First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Responded to the Indian mutiny of 1857; introduced the India Bill 1858.
The Earl of Derby
(2nd term)
20 February 1858 11 June 1859 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords India Bill 1858, transferring ownership of the East India Company to the Crown; Jews Relief Act, allowing Jews to become MPs.
The Viscount Palmerston
(2nd term)
12 June 1859 18 October 1865 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Between periods in office he founded the Liberal Party; died in office.
The Earl Russell
(2nd term)
(previously PM as Lord John Russell)
29 October 1865 26 June 1866 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Attempted to introduce a further Reform Bill, but was opposed by his Cabinet.
The Earl of Derby
(3rd term)
28 June 1866 25 February 1868 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Lords Reform Act 1867; considered by some to be the father of the modern Conservative Party.
Benjamin Disraeli
(1st term)
27 February 1868 1 December 1868 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons The UK's first and, as of 2007, only, Prime Minister from Jewish ancestry; dissolved Parliament as the Conservatives did not have a majority.
William Ewart Gladstone
(1st term)
3 December 1868 17 February 1874 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons 3 December 1868 - 17 February 1874; Chancellor of the Exchequer 11 August 1873 - 17 February 1874 Introduced reforms to the British Army, Civil Service and local government; made peacetime flogging illegal; Ballot Act 1872; failed to prevent the Franco-Prussian War.
Benjamin Disraeli
(2nd term)
(from 1876 as Earl of Beaconsfield)
20 February 1874 21 April 1880 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury 20 February 1874 - 21 April 1880; Leader of the House of Commons 20 February 1874 - 21 August 1876; Leader of the House of Lords 21 August 1876 - 21 April 1880; Lord Privy Seal 21 August 1876 - 2 April 1878 Various reforms including the Climbing Boys Act 1875, the Public Health Act 1875 and the Employers and Workmen Act 1878; Congress of Berlin; breaking up of the League of the Three Emperors, the Zulu War.
William Ewart Gladstone
(2nd term)
23 April 1880 9 June 1885 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons 23 April 1880 - 9 June 1885; Chancellor of the Exchequer 23 April 1880 - 16 December 1882 First Boer War; Irish Coercion Act; Redistribution of Seats Act 1885; Reform Act, 1884; failure to rescue General Gordon in Khartoum, Sudan.
The Marquess of Salisbury
(1st term)
23 June 1885 28 January 1886 Conservative Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs & Leader of the House of Lords Legislation providing for housing the working class.
William Ewart Gladstone
(3rd term)
1 February 1886 20 July 1886 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury, Lord Privy Seal & Leader of the House of Commons First introduction of the Home Rule Bill for Ireland, which split the Liberal Party, resulting in the end of Gladstone's government.
The Marquess of Salisbury
(2nd term)
25 July 1886 11 August 1892 Conservative Leader of the House of Lords 25 July 1886 - 11 August 1892; First Lord of the Treasury 25 July 1886 - January 14 1887; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs January 14 1887 - 11 August 1892 Opposed Irish home rule; Local Government Act 1888; Partition of Africa; Free Education Act 1891; creation of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).
William Ewart Gladstone
(4th term)
15 August 1892 2 March 1894 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury, Lord Privy Seal & Leader of the House of Commons Reintroduction of the Home Rule Bill, which was passed by the House of Commons but rejected by the House of Lords leading to his resignation.
The Earl of Rosebery 5 March 1894 22 June 1895 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury, Lord President of the Council & Leader of the House of Lords Imperialist; plans for expanding the Royal Navy caused disagreement within the Liberal Party; resigned following a vote of censure over military supplies.
The Marquess of Salisbury
(3rd term)
25 June 1895 11 July 1902 Conservative Leader of the House of Lords 25 June 1895 - 11 July 1902; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 25 June 1895 - November 12 1900; Lord Privy Seal November 12 1900 - 11 July 1902 Workmen's Compensation Act 1897; Second Boer War; Anglo-Japanese Alliance.

20th century Prime Ministers

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There was no change in the jurisdiction of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (and hence the area the Prime Minister was Prime Minister of) until 1922, when following the Anglo-Irish War, 26 counties in Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom, forming the Irish Free State. The other six counties, in the northeast of Ireland, remained in the Union, becoming Northern Ireland. The official name of the United Kingdom became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927.

Name Portrait Entered office Left office Political party Other ministerial offices held Notes and key events
Arthur Balfour 11 July 1902 5 December 1905 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Had poor relations with Edward VII; his cabinet was split over free trade; establishment of the Committee of Imperial Defence; Entente Cordiale.
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman 5 December 1905 7 April 1908 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Restored autonomy to Transvaal and the Orange Free State; Anglo-Russian Entente; first Prime Minister to be referred to as such in Parliamentary legislation.
H. H. Asquith 7 April 1908 7 December 1916 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons 5 April 1908 - 5 December 1916; Secretary of State for War March 30 1914 - August 5 1914 Liberal Welfare Reforms; People's Budget; Parliament Act 1911; National Insurance and pensions; Home Rule Act 1914; World War I; Easter Rising.
David Lloyd George 7 December 1916 19 October 1922 Liberal First Lord of the Treasury End of World War I; Paris Peace Conference; attempted to extend conscription to Ireland during the First World War; granted women over 31 the vote; formation of the Irish Free State; the only Prime Minister, as of 2007, whose mother tongue was not English (it was Welsh).
Andrew Bonar Law 23 October 1922 20 May 1923 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Resigned due to ill health; died six months after leaving office.
Stanley Baldwin
(1st term)
23 May 1923 16 January 1924 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons 23 May 1923 - 16 January 1924; Chancellor of the Exchequer 23 May 1923 - 27 August 1923 Called a general election to gain a mandate for protectionist tariffs but failed to gain a majority; resigned after losing a vote of confidence.
Ramsay MacDonald
(1st term)
22 January 1924 4 November 1924 Labour First Lord of the Treasury, Leader of the House of Commons & Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs First Labour prime minister; did not have a majority so could not introduce radical legislation; settled reparations with Germany following World War I.
Stanley Baldwin
(2nd term)
4 November 1924 5 June 1929 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Treaty of Locarno; signatory of the Kellogg-Briand Pact; Pensions Act; enfranchisement of women over 21; UK General Strike of 1926.
Ramsay MacDonald
(2nd term)
5 June 1929 24 August 1931 Labour First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Appointed the first female minister, Margaret Bondfield; economic crises following the Wall Street Crash of 1929.
Ramsay MacDonald
(3rd term)
24 August 1931 7 June 1935 National Labour (National Government) First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Unable to retain the support of the Labour Party, MacDonald officially resigned and was then re-appointed to form a National Government with the support of the Conservative and Liberal parties. He was expelled from the Labour Party.
Stanley Baldwin
(3rd term)
7 June 1935 28 May 1937 Conservative (National Government) First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Managed the abdication crisis of Edward VIII; started rearmament but later criticised for failing to rearm more when Adolf Hitler broke Germany's Treaty of Versailles obligations.
Neville Chamberlain 28 May 1937 10 May 1940 Conservative (National Government) First Lord of the Treasury & Leader of the House of Commons Attempted to prevent World War II through appeasement of Germany; widely criticised following the invasion of Poland; resigned after failing to form a Coalition Government.
Winston Churchill
(1st term)
10 May 1940 23 May 1945 Conservative (Coalition) First Lord of the Treasury & Minister of Defence 10 May 1940 - 23 May 1945; Leader of the House of Commons 10 May 1940 - February 19 1942 World War II; led a Coalition Government; foundation of the United Nations; proposed what would eventually lead to the European Union, however, his version would not have included the UK.
Winston Churchill
(2nd term)
23 May 1945 27 July 1945 Conservative (Caretaker) First Lord of the Treasury & Minister of Defence Following the ending of his all-party coalition, Churchill formed a "caretaker" government out of Conservatives, Liberal Nationals and non-party figures. However after two months it was defeated in the 1945 general election.
Clement Attlee 27 July 1945 26 October 1951 Labour First Lord of the Treasury 27 July 1945 - 26 October 1951; Minister of Defence 27 July 1945 - December 1946 Initiated the post-war consensus; introduced nationalisation of utilities; foundation of the National Health Service; extended national insurance scheme; independence of India and the end of the British role in Palestine; foundation of NATO.
Winston Churchill
(3rd term)
26 October 1951 7 April 1955 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury 26 October 1951 - 7 April 1955; Minister of Defence 26 October 1951 - March 12 1952 Domestic policy interrupted by foreign disputes (Operation Ajax, Mau Mau Uprising, Malayan Emergency).
Sir Anthony Eden 7 April 1955 10 January 1957 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury Failed to prevent the Egyptian nationalisation of the Suez Canal; invaded Egypt leading to the Suez Crisis.
Harold Macmillan 10 January 1957 19 October 1963 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury The UK applied to join the European Economic Community for the first time, the application split the Conservatives and was rejected by Charles de Gaulle, President of France; Profumo Affair.
Sir Alec Douglas-Home 19 October 1963 16 October 1964 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury Was the Earl of Home when he became Prime Minister, and renounced his peerage on 23 October 1963 in order to stand for the House of Commons.
Harold Wilson
(1st term)
16 October 1964 19 June 1970 Labour First Lord of the Treasury Social reforms, including legalisation of abortion and decriminalisation of homosexuality; Rhodesian U.D.I.; adopted, then abandoned, the National Plan for the economy; Devaluation of the pound; foundation of the Open University; dispute over In Place of Strife trade union reforms.
Edward Heath File:Tedheath.jpg 19 June 1970 4 March 1974 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury U-turned over intervention in industry; negotiated Britain's entry to the European Community; Violence due to Northern Ireland's 'Troubles' peaked; the Sunningdale Agreement agreed; Three-Day Week; called early election in backfiring attempt to confront striking miners.
Harold Wilson
(2nd term)
4 March 1974 5 April 1976 Labour First Lord of the Treasury Ended dispute with miners; Social Contract with trade unions over the economy; Health and Safety at Work Act; Renegotiated terms for EC membership, then 1975 referendum validated entry; North Sea oil.
James Callaghan 5 April 1976 4 May 1979 Labour First Lord of the Treasury & Minister for the Civil Service International Monetary Fund loan to support the pound; the Lib-Lab pact; enacted devolution to Scotland and Wales but referenda stopped them; relations with trade unions broke down in the Winter of Discontent.
Margaret Thatcher 4 May 1979 28 November 1990 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Minister for the Civil Service First female Prime Minister of the UK; Falklands War; sold council housing to tenants (right to buy); miners' strike 1984-5; privatisation of many previously government-owned industries; decreased the power of trade unions; Anglo-Irish Agreement; Section 28; abolition of GLC; negotiation of the UK rebate towards the European Community budget; fall of the Berlin Wall; the "Poll tax".
John Major 28 November 1990 2 May 1997 Conservative First Lord of the Treasury & Minister for the Civil Service Global recession; Gulf War; ratification of the Maastricht Treaty; forced exit from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism ("Black Wednesday"); Citizen's charter; "Back to Basics" campaign; Maastricht Rebels; Cones Hotline; Dangerous Dogs Act.
Tony Blair 2 May 1997 27 June 2007 Labour First Lord of the Treasury & Minister for the Civil Service Independence for the Bank of England; Belfast Agreement; Human Rights Act; devolution to Scotland and Wales; House of Lords Reform; minimum wage; Kosovo War; Mayor of London and GLA; war in Afghanistan; university tuition fees; Iraq War; Civil Partnership Act; Cash for Peerages

21st century Prime Ministers

[edit]
Name Portrait Entered office Left office Political party Other ministerial offices held Notes and key events
Gordon Brown 27 June 2007 Incumbent Labour First Lord of the Treasury & Minister for the Civil Service