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Main article: Wimbledon Championships
Martina Navratilova is a nine time champion, which is most all-time amongst men or women, and the most in the Open Era at any slam event.

The Championships, Wimbledon is an annual tennis tournament created in 1877 and played on outdoor grass courts[a][b][1] at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (AELTC) in the Wimbledon suburb of London, United Kingdom.[2] The Ladies' Singles was started in 1884.[3] Wimbledon is played in the last week of June and the first week of July, and has been chronologically the third of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.[2] The event was not held from 1915 to 1918 because of World War I and again from 1940 to 1945 because of World War II.[4]

The Ladies' Singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1884 until 1921, the event started with a knockout phase, the All Comers' Singles, whose winner then faced the defending champion in a challenge round. The All Comers' winner was automatically awarded the title six times (1887, 1891, 1895, 1907, 1908) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1922 edition.[5] Since the first championships, all matches have been played at the best-of-three sets. Between 1884 and 1883, the winner of the next game at five games – all took the set in every match except the All Comers' final, and the challenge round, which were won with six games and a two games advantage. All sets were decided in this advantage format from 1884 to 1970.[5] The lingering death best-of-12 points tie-break was introduced in 1971 for the first two sets, played at eight games – all until 1978 and at six games – all since 1979.[5][6][7]

The Ladies' Singles champion receives a sterling silver salver commonly known as the "Venus Rosewater Dish", or simply the "Rosewater Dish". The salver, which is 18.75 inches (about 48 cm) in diameter, is decorated with figures from mythology.[8] New singles champions are traditionally elected honorary members of the AELTC by the club's committee.[c][9] In 2009, the Gentlemen's Singles winner received prize money of £850,000.[10] These records include the Amateur Era only, Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers (1903–1904, 1906, 1910–1911, 1913–1914) holds the record for most titles, with seven, and Lottie Dod (1891–1893) and Suzanne Lenglen (1919&ndash1921) holds the record for most consecutive wins in the Ladies' Singles during the challenge round era, with three victories each. The record for most consecutive and most wins post challenge round during the Amateur Era is Helen Wills Moody (1927–1930), with four straight wins, and Moody holds the record for most victories in this era with eight (1927–1930, 1932–1933, 1935, 1938).[4] These records only include the Open Era, Martina Navratilova (1978–1979, 1982–1987, 1990) holds the record in the Open-Era with nine victories. Navratilova holds the record in the Open-Era with six consecutive victories (1982–1987).[4]

Champions

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Regular competition
All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡
Defending champion, Challenge round winner †
All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊

Amateur era

[edit]
A brown haired women in a black jacket and white shirt
Billie Jean King is a six-time champion overall and a four-time champion in the open era.
Year[d] Country Champion # Country Runner-up Score in the final[4]
1884  BRI[e] Maud Watson †  BRI Lillian Watson 6–8, 6–3, 6–3
1885  BRI Maud Watson † 2  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6–1, 7–5
1886  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard †  BRI Maud Watson 6–3, 6–3
1887  BRI Lottie Dod ◊  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6–2, 6–0
1888  BRI Lottie Dod ‡ 2  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6–3, 6–3
1889  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard ‡ 2  BRI Lena Rice 4–6, 8–6, 6–4
1890  BRI Lena Rice ‡  BRI May Jacks 6–4, 6–1
1891  BRI Lottie Dod ◊ 3  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6–2, 6–1
1892  BRI Lottie Dod † 4  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6–1, 6–1
1893  BRI Lottie Dod ‡ 5  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6–8, 6–1, 6–4
1894  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard † 3  BRI Edith Austin 6–1, 6–1
1895  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry ◊  BRI Helen Jackson 7–5, 8–6
1896  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry ‡ 2  BRI Alice Simpson-Pickering 6–2, 6–3
1897  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard ‡ 4  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry 5–7, 7–5, 6–2
1898  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry † 3  BRI Louise Martin 6–4, 6–4
1899  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard † 5  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry 6–2, 6–3
1900  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard † 6  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry 4–6, 6–4, 6–4
1901  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry ‡ 4  BRI Blanche Bingley Hillyard 6–2, 6–2
1902  BRI Muriel Robb ‡  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry 7–5, 6–1
1903  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers †  BRI Ethel Thomson Larcombe 4–6, 6–4, 6–2
1904  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers † 2  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry 6–0, 6–3
1905  USA May Sutton Bundy †  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers 6–3, 6–4
1906  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers † 3  USA May Sutton Bundy 6–3, 9–7
1907  USA May Sutton Bundy ◊ 2  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers 6–1, 6–4
1908  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry ◊ 5  BRI Agnes Morton 6–4, 6–4
1909  BRI Dora Boothby †  BRI Agnes Morton 6–4, 4–6, 8–6
1910  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers ‡ 4  BRI Dora Boothby 6–2, 6–2
1911  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers † 5  BRI Dora Boothby 6–0, 6–0
1912  BRI Ethel Thomson Larcombe †  BRI Charlotte Cooper Sterry 6–3, 6–1
1913  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers † 6  BRI Winifred McNair 6–0, 6–4
1914  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers ‡ 7  BRI Ethel Thomson Larcombe 7–5, 6–4
1915 no competition World War I
1916 no competition World War I
1917 no competition World War I
1918 no competition World War I
1919  FRA Suzanne Lenglen ‡  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers 10–8, 4–6, 9–7
1920  FRA Suzanne Lenglen ‡ 2  BRI Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers 6–3, 6–0
1921  FRA Suzanne Lenglen † 3  USA Elizabeth Ryan 6–2, 6–0
1922  FRA Suzanne Lenglen 4  USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 6–2, 6–0
1923  FRA Suzanne Lenglen 5  GBR Kitty McKane Godfree 6–2, 6–2
1924  GBR Kitty McKane Godfree  USA Helen Wills Moody 4–6, 6–4, 6–4
1925  FRA Suzanne Lenglen 6  GBR Joan Fry Lakeman 6–2, 6–0
1926  GBR Kitty McKane Godfree 2  ESP Lilí de Álvarez 6–2, 4–6, 6–3
1927  USA Helen Wills Moody  ESP Lilí de Álvarez 6–2, 6–4
1928  USA Helen Wills Moody 2  ESP Lilí de Álvarez 6–2, 6–3
1929  USA Helen Wills Moody 3  USA Helen Jacobs 6–1, 6–2
1930  USA Helen Wills Moody 4  USA Elizabeth Ryan 6–2, 6–2
1931  GER Cilly Aussem  GER Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling 6–2, 7–5
1932  USA Helen Wills Moody 5  USA Helen Jacobs 6–3, 6–1
1933  USA Helen Wills Moody 6  GBR Dorothy Round Little 6–4, 6–8, 6–3
1934  GBR Doroth Round Little  USA Helen Jacobs 6–2, 5–7, 6–3
1935  USA Helen Wills Moody 7  USA Helen Jacobs 6–3, 3–6, 7–5
1936  USA Helen Jacobs  DEN Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling 6–2, 4–6, 7–5
1937  GBR Dorothy Round Little 2  POL Jadwiga Jędrzejowska 6–2, 2–6, 7–5
1938  USA Helen Wills Moody 8  USA Helen Jacobs 6–4, 6–0
1939  USA Alice Marble  GBR Kay Stammers Bullitt 6–2, 6–0
1940 no competition World War II
1941 no competition World War II
1942 no competition World War II
1943 no competition World War II
1944 no competition World War II
1945 no competition World War II
1946  USA Pauline Betz Addie  USA Louise Brough Clapp 6–2, 6–4
1947  USA Margaret Osborne duPont  USA Doris Hart 6–2, 6–4
1948  USA Louise Brough Clapp  USA Doris Hart 6–3, 8–6
1949  USA Louise Brough Clapp 2  USA Margaret Osborne duPont 10–8, 1–6, 10–8
1950  USA Louise Brough Clapp 3  USA Margaret Osborne duPont 6–1, 3–6, 6–1
1951  USA Doris Hart  USA Shirley Fry Irvin 6–1, 6–0
1952  USA Maureen Connolly Brinker  USA Louise Brough Clapp 6–4, 6–3
1953  USA Maureen Connolly Brinker 2  USA Doris Hart 8–6, 7–5
1954  USA Maureen Connolly Brinker 3  USA Louise Brough Clapp 6–2, 7–5
1955  USA Louise Brough Clapp 4  USA Beverly Baker Fleitz 7–5, 8–6
1956  USA Shirley Fry Irvin  GBR Angela Buxton 6–3, 6–1
1957  USA Althea Gibson  USA Darlene Hard 6–3, 6–2
1958  USA Althea Gibson 2  GBR Angela Mortimer 8–6, 6–2
1959  BRA Maria Bueno  USA Darlene Hard 6–4 6–3
1960  BRA Maria Bueno 2  ZAF Sandra Reynolds Price 8–6, 6–0
1961  GBR Angela Mortimer Barrett  GBR Christine Truman Janes 4–6, 6–4, 7–5
1962  USA Karen Hantze Susman  CZE Věra SGBRová 6–4, 6–4
1963  AUS Margaret Court  USA Billie Jean King 6–3, 6–4
1964  BRA Maria Bueno 3  AUS Margaret Court 6–4, 7–9, 6–3
1965  AUS Margaret Court 2  BRA Maria Bueno 6–4, 7–5
1966  USA Billie Jean King  BRA Maria Bueno 6–3, 3–6, 6–1
1967  USA Billie Jean King 2  GBR Ann Haydon Jones 6–3, 6–4

Open era

[edit]
A blond-haired women wearing a white shirt
Steffi Graf is a seven-time champion over a nine year period.
A black woman is serving the ball, and is wearing a white sleeveless top and blue skirt
Venus Williams is a five time champion.
A blonde-haired female tennis player with white skirt and a white shirt, with a white writstband, swings a right-handed backhand
American Chris Evert won three titles.
A black woman wearing a white ensemble
Serena Williams is a three time champion.
Year[d] Country Champion # Country Runner-up Score in the final[4]
1968  USA Billie Jean King (3)  AUS Judy Tegart Dalton 9–7, 7–5
1969  GBR Ann Haydon Jones  USA Billie Jean King 3–6, 6–3, 6–2
1970  AUS Margaret Court (3)  USA Billie Jean King 14–12, 11–9
1971  AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley  AUS Margaret Court 6–4, 6–1
1972  USA Billie Jean King 2 (4)  AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–3, 6–3
1973  USA Billie Jean King 3 (5)  USA Chris Evert 6–0, 7–5
1974  USA Chris Evert  Soviet Union Olga Morozova 6–0, 6–4
1975  USA Billie Jean King 4 (6)  AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–0, 6–1
1976  USA Chris Evert 2  AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–3, 4–6, 8–6
1977  GBR Virginia Wade  NED Betty Stöve 4–6, 6–3, 6–1
1978  USA Martina Navrátilová[11]  USA Chris Evert 2–6, 6–4, 7–5
1979  USA Martina Navrátilová 2  USA Chris Evert 6–4, 6–4
1980  AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 2  USA Chris Evert 6–1, 7–6(7–4)
1981  USA Chris Evert 3  TCH Hana Mandlíková 6–2, 6–2
1982  USA Martina Navrátilová 3  USA Chris Evert 6–1, 3–6, 6–2
1983  USA Martina Navrátilová 4  USA Andrea Jaeger 6–0, 6–3
1984  USA Martina Navrátilová 5  USA Chris Evert 7–6(7–5), 6–2
1985  USA Martina Navrátilová 6  USA Chris Evert 4–6, 6–3, 6–2
1986  USA Martina Navrátilová 7  TCH Hana Mandlíková 7–6(7–1), 6–3
1987  USA Martina Navrátilová 8  FRG Steffi Graf 7–5, 6–3
1988  FRG Steffi Graf  USA Martina Navrátilová 5–7, 6–2, 6–1
1989  FRG Steffi Graf 2  USA Martina Navrátilová 6–2, 6–7(1–7), 6–1
1990  USA Martina Navrátilová 9  USA Zina Garrison 6–4, 6–1
1991  GER Steffi Graf 3  ARG Gabriela Sabatini 6–4, 3–6, 8–6
1992  GER Steffi Graf 4  YUG Monica Seles 6–2, 6–1
1993  GER Steffi Graf 5  CZE Jana Novotná 7–6(7–6), 1–6, 6–4
1994  ESP Conchita Martínez  USA Martina Navrátilová 6–4, 3–6, 6–3
1995  GER Steffi Graf 6  ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 4–6, 6–1, 7–5
1996  GER Steffi Graf 7  ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 7–5
1997   SUI Martina Hingis  CZE Jana Novotná 2–6, 6–3, 6–3
1998  CZE Jana Novotná  FRA Nathalie Tauziat 6–4, 7–6(7–2)
1999  USA Lindsay Davenport  GER Steffi Graf 6–4, 7–5
2000  USA Venus Williams  USA Lindsay Davenport 6–3, 7–6(7–3)
2001  USA Venus Williams 2  BEL Justine Henin 6–2, 3–6, 6–0
2002  USA Serena Williams  USA Venus Williams 7–6(7–4), 6–3
2003  USA Serena Williams 2  USA Venus Williams 4–6, 6–4, 6–2
2004  RUS Maria Sharapova  USA Serena Williams 6–1, 6–4
2005  USA Venus Williams 3  USA Lindsay Davenport 4–6, 7–6(7–4), 9–7
2006  FRA Amélie Mauresmo  BEL Justin Henin 2–6, 6–3, 6–4
2007  USA Venus Williams 4  FRA Marion Bartoli 6–4, 6–1
2008  USA Venus Williams 5  USA Serena Williams 7–5, 6–4
2009  USA Serena Williams 3  USA Venus Williams 7–6(7–3), 6–2

Statistics

[edit]
Title defended in the challenge round
Competed in 2009 +

Multiple champions

[edit]
Player Amateur Era Open Era All-time Years
 Martina Navratilova (USA) 0 9 9 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1990
 Helen Wills Moody (USA) 8 0 8 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1938
 Dorothea Douglass Lambert Chambers (UK) 7 0 7 1903, 1904, 1906, 1910, 1911, 1913, 1914
 Steffi Graf (GER) 0 7 7 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996
 Blanche Bingley (UK) 6 0 6 1886, 1889, 1894, 1897, 1899, 1900
 Billie Jean King (USA) 2 4 6 1966, 1967, 1968, 1972, 1973, 1975
 Suzanne Lenglen (FRA) 6 0 6 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925
 Charlotte Cooper Sterry (UK) 5 0 5 1895, 1896, 1898, 1901, 1908
 Lottie Dod (UK) 5 0 5 1887, 1888, 1891, 1892, 1893
 Venus Williams (USA) + 0 5 5 2000, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008
 Louise Brough Clapp (USA) 4 0 4 1948, 1949, 1950, 1954
 Maureen Connolly Brinker (USA) 3 0 3 1952, 1953, 1954
 Maria Bueno (BRA) 3 0 3 1959, 1960, 1964
 Chris Evert (USA) 0 3 3 1974, 1976, 1981
 Margaret Court (AUS) 2 1 3 1963, 1965, 1970
 Serena Williams (USA) + 0 3 3 2002, 2003, 2009
 Althea Gibson (USA) 2 0 2 1957, 1958
 Kitty McKane Godfree (UK) 2 0 2 1924, 1926
 May Sutton Bundy (USA) 2 0 2 1905, 1907
 Maud Watson (UK) 2 0 2 1884, 1885

Champions by country

[edit]
Former country ¤
Country Amateur Era Open Era All-time First title Last title
 United States (USA) 28 25 53 1905 2009
 United Kingdom (UK) 34 2 36 1884 1977
 Germany (GER) 1 7 8 1931 1996
 France (FRA) 6 1 7 1919 2006
 Australia (AUS) 2 3 5 1963 1980
 Brazil (BRA) 3 0 3 1959 1964
 Czech Republic (CZE) 0 1 1 1998 1998
 Spain (ESP) 0 1 1 1994 1994
  Switzerland (SUI) 0 1 1 1997 1997
 Russia (RUS) 0 1 1 2004 2004

Notes

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See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "FAQ - Grass Courts" (PDF). wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  2. ^ a b "Tournament profile - Wimbledon". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  3. ^ a b "About Wimbledon - History: History". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Women's Singles Finals". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  5. ^ a b c Barrett, John (1986). 100 Wimbledon Championships: A Celebration. Collins Willow. ISBN 978-0-00218-220-1.
  6. ^ Roberts, John (1998-08-05). "Tennis: Fast, fan friendly - but full of faults". The Independent. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  7. ^ "Breaking with tradition". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  8. ^ "About Wimbledon - History: The trophies". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  9. ^ "About Wimbledon - Behind the scenes: The All England Lawn Tennis Club". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  10. ^ "2009 Prize Money" (PDF). wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  11. ^ http://aeltc.wimbledon.org/en_GB/about/history/rolls/ladiesroll.html
  12. ^ Harman, Neil (2009-04-22). "No more soaked strawberries - Centre Court, Wimbledon, gets a roof". The Times. Times Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
  13. ^ "Jolly snub for McEnroe; he's refused All-England". St. Petersburg Times. United Press International. 1981-07-10. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  14. ^ Zenilman, Avi (2009-06-24). "Back Issues: McEnroe vs. Thatcher". The New Yorker. Condé Nast Publications. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  15. ^ "History - Rolls of Honour: Country abbreviations". wimbledon.org. IBM, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
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