User:Bermicourt/Card games/Mark (1871)
The Mark (sign: ℳ), later referred to as the "Goldmark" (), was the official currency of the German Empire from 1873 to 1914.[1] One mark was equivalent to 0.358423 or 1000⁄2790 grammes of fine gold,[1] and gold circulation coins were minted in denominations of 5, 10 and 20 marks.[2][3] It became legal tender as a result of the first Reich Coin Act of 4 December 1871.[3] and its designation on bonds and shares at that time was Mark – Deutsche Reichswährung.[4] Although the Mark was based on a gold standard, there was a fixed exchange rate between the new currency and the old Vereinsthaler of 3 Marks per Thaler.[1] As a result, 3 Mark coins continued to be referred to as thalers even after the Vereinsthaler was withdrawn from circulation in 1876 when the Mark became the sole legal tender of the German Empire.[5][2]
In August 1914, with the onset of the First World War, the sale of gold coins to the public was suspended, the gold standard was abandoned and the Papiermark replaced the Goldmark.[6] The currency is occasionally referred to as the Reichsmark, although officially that did not come into being until 1924.[7]
- ^ a b c Information about currency: German Goldmark. at onlinecoin.club. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^ a b _ (1873). "Münzgesetz" in Deutsches Reichsgesetzblatt, 1873 vol., no. 22, pp. 233–240, dated 15 July 1873.
- ^ a b _ (1871). "Gesetz, betreffend die Ausprägung von Reichsgoldmünzen," in Deutsches Reichsgesetzblatt, 1871 vol., no. 47, pp. 404 - 406, dated 7 December 1871.
- ^ Soetbeer, Adolf (1874). Deutsche Münzverfassung, Vols. 1-3. p. 244. Erlangen: Palm and Enke.
- ^ Chaudhuri, Ranajoy Ray (2018). Central Bank Independence, Regulations and Monetary Policy: From Germany and Greece to China and the United States. NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 83.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Chaudhurywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Fischer, Wolfgang Chr. (2010). German Hyperinflation 1922/23: A Law and Economics Approach. Cologne: Josef Eul p. 84.