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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Other names
Союз Советских Социалистических Республик
Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik
1922–1991[1]
Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!
(Translit.: Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!)
English: Workers of the world, unite!
Anthem: "The Internationale"
(1922–1944)

"National Anthem of the Soviet Union"
(1944–1991)
The Soviet Union after World War II
The Soviet Union after World War II
Capital
and largest city
Moscow
Common languagesRussian, many others
Religion
None (State atheism)[2] (see text)
Demonym(s)Soviet
GovernmentUnion,
Marxist–Leninist single-party state
General Secretary 
• 1922–1952
Joseph Stalin (first)
• 1991
Vladimir Ivashko (last)
Head of State 
• 1922–1938
Mikhail Kalinin (first)
• 1988–1991
Mikhail Gorbachev (last)
Head of Government 
• 1922–1924
Vladimir Lenin (first)
• 1991
Ivan Silayev (last)
LegislatureSupreme Soviet
Soviet of the Union
Soviet of Nationalities
Historical eraInterwar period / Cold War
30 December 1922
26 December 1991[1]
Area
199122,402,200 km2 (8,649,500 sq mi)
Population
• 1991
293,047,571
CurrencySoviet ruble (руб) (SUR) (SUR)
Time zoneUTC+2 to +13
Calling code7
Internet TLD.su2
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Russia1
Ukraine
Belarus
Uzbekistan
Kazakhstan
Georgia
Azerbaijan
Lithuania3
Moldova
Latvia3
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Armenia
Turkmenistan
Estonia3
1 Russia never seceded, this was by agreement of the 12 at time of formal dissolution, Russia assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet authority, Duma has declared Russia continuous.

2On 21 December 1991, eleven of the former socialist republics declared in Alma-Ata (with the 12th republic – Georgia – attending as an observer) that with the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ceases to exist.
2Assigned on 19 September 1990, existing onwards.

3Western governments such as those of the EU and the USA view Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania as continuous and unrelated to the respective Soviet republics.
Russia views the Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian SSRs as legal constituent republics of the USSR and predecessors of the modern Baltic states.
  1. ^ Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. (in Russian)
  2. ^ 73 Years of State Atheism in the Soviet Union, ended amid collapse in 1990