User:Bamse/List of National Treasures (sculptures)
In the mid 6th century, the introduction of Buddhism from Baekje to Japan resulted in a revival of Japanese sculpture. Buddhist monks, artisans and scholars settled around the capital in Yamato Province (present day Nara Prefecture) and passed their techniques to native craftsmen. Consequently, early Japanese sculptures from the Asuka and Hakuhō periods show strong influences of continental art, which initially were characterized by almond-shaped eyes, upward-turned crescent-shaped lips and symmetrically arranged folds in the clothing. The workshop of the Japanese sculptor Tori Busshi, who was strongly influenced by the Northern Wei style, produced works which exemplify such characteristics. The Shakyamuni triad and the Guze Kannon at Hōryū-ji are prime examples. By the late 7th century, wood replaced bronze and copper. By early Tang Dynasty greater realism is expressed by fuller forms, long narrow slit eyes, softer facial features, flowing garments and embellishments with ornaments such as bracelets and jewels. Two prominent examples for sculptures of this period are the Shō Kannon at Yakushi-ji and the Yumechigai Kannon at Hōryū-ji.[1][2][3]
During the Nara period from 710 to 794, the government established and supported workshops called zōbussho, the most prominent of which was located in the capital Nara at Tōdai-ji, which produced Buddhist statuary. Clay, lacquer and wood, in addition to bronze, were utilized. Stylistically, the sculptures were influenced by the high Tang style, showing fuller body modelling, more natural drapery and a greater sense of movement. Representative examples of Nara period sculpture include the Great Buddha and the Four Heavenly Kings at Tōdai-ji, or the Eight Legions at Kōfuku-ji.[4]
Early Heian period works prior to the mid 10th century appear heavy compared to Nara period statues, carved from single blocks of wood, and characterised by draperies carved with alternating round and sharply cut folds. Stylistically they followed high to later Tang style. In the Heian period the zōbussho were replaced with temple-run and independent workshops; wood became the primary medium; and a specific Japanese style emerged. By the mid 10th century, the style was refined presenting a more calm and gentle appearance, with attenuated proportions. Jōchō was the most important sculptor of this time, and he utilized the yosegi technique in which several pieces of wood are joined to sculpt a single figure. He was the ancestor of three important schools of Japanese Buddhist statuary: the Enpa, Inpa and Keiha school. The Amida Nyorai at Byōdō-in is the only extant work by Jōchō.[4][5][6]
Japanese sculpture experienced a renaissance during the Kamakura period, lead by the Kei school. Partially influenced by Song Dynasty China, their sculpture is characterised by realism featuring elaborate top knots, jewelry and wavy drapery. Although predominantly wooden, bronze was also used as a material for the statues. As a novelty, portrait sculptures of prominent monks were created adjacent to the depiction of Buddhist deities.[7]
The term "National Treasure" has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897.[8] The definition and the criteria have changed since the inception of the term. These sculptures adhere to the current definition, and have been designated national treasures since the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties came into force on June 9, 1951. The items are selected by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology based on their especially high historical or artistic value.[9][10][9] The list presents 126 entries of sculptures, including those from Classical and early Feudal Japan of the seventh century Asuka period to the thirteenth century Kamakura period; although the number of sculptures is higher, because, in some cases, groups of related sculptures have been joined to form single entries. The sculptures listed depict Buddhist and Shintō deities or priests venerated as founders of temples. Some of the most ancient sculptures were imported directly from China.[10][11]
Statistics
[edit]Various materials have been used for the sculptures. Although most are wooden, 11 entries in the list are bronze, 11 are lacquer, 7 are made of clay and one entry, the Usuki Stone Buddhas, is a stone sculpture. Typically hinoki, Japanese nutmeg, sandalwood and camphorwood were the woods used for the wooden sculptures. Wooden sculptures were often lacquered or covered with gold-leaf. The smallest statue measures around 10 cm, whereas the Great Buddhas of Nara and Kamakura are circa 13 and 15 meters high. The objects on the list are located in Buddhist temples, or in museums associated with temples. In addition, some items are located in shrines, as well as in secular museums.[12][10][13]
Nara Prefecture is home to the largest number of National Treasure sculptures with 70 entries of the 126. Together, with the 37 entries located in Kyoto Prefecture, they make up the bulk of this list. Hōryū-ji and Kōfuku-ji are locations with most entries, at 17 each.
Prefecture | City | National Treasures |
---|---|---|
Fukushima | Yugawa | 1 |
Hyōgo | Ono | 1 |
Iwate | Hiraizumi | 1 |
Kanagawa | Kamakura | 1 |
Kyoto | Kizugawa | 3 |
Kyōtanabe | 1 | |
Kyoto | 30 | |
Uji | 3 | |
Nara | Asuka | 1 |
Ikaruga | 18 | |
Nara | 46 | |
Sakurai | 1 | |
Uda | 3 | |
Yoshino | 1 | |
Ōita | Usuki | 1 |
Osaka | Fujiidera | 2 |
Katano | 1 | |
Kawachinagano | 1 | |
Shiga | Ōtsu | 3 |
Takatsuki | 1 | |
Tokyo | Tokyo | 1 |
Wakayama | Hidakagawa, Wakayama | 1 |
Kōya | 2 | |
Kudoyama | 1 | |
Shingū | 1 |
Age | National Treasures |
---|---|
Asuka period | 14 |
Tang Dynasty | 3 |
Nara period | 26 |
Heian period | 60[nb 1] |
Northern Song | 1 |
Kamakura period | 23[nb 1] |
Usage
[edit]The table's columns (except for Remarks and Pictures) are sortable pressing the arrows symbols. The following gives an overview of what is included in the table and how the sorting works.
- Name: name as registered in the List of National Treasures
- Remarks: placement of statues (as a group, separately,...) and artist (if known)
- Date: period and year
- sorts by year. If only a period is known, sorts by the start year of that period.
- Material and technique: wood/bronze/..., lacquered/colored/...
- sorts by main material (stone/clay/wood/lacquer/bronze).
- Pose: standing/seated Amida Nyorai/Yakushi Nyorai/...
- sorts by the name of the principal image or as "set" in the case of sets of sculptures that don't fall under a common group name.
- Height: height in cm
- sorts by the largest height if an entry is a group of statues.
- Present location: "building-name temple/museum/shrine-name town-name prefecture-name"
- sorts as "prefecture-name town-name temple/museum/shrine-name building-name".
- Pictures: picture of the statue or a characteristic statue in a group of statues
List
[edit]Name | Remarks | Date | Material | Pose | Height | Present location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statues and canopy inside the Golden Hall (Konjiki-dō) (金色堂堂内諸像及天蓋, konjiki-dō dōnai shozō oyobi tengai)[20] | 32 statues in the three altars and another seated Amida Nyorai with fragments of a wooden halo-pedestal. The three canopies of the altars are part of the nomination. | Heian period, around 1124–1187 | Hinoki wood for the Amida, katsura for the Jizō and Nitennō); lacquer with gold leaf embossing | Joined wood-block sculpture (Amida Nyorai, three sets of Amida attendants (Kannon and Seishi), three sets of Nitennō, 18 Jizō Bosatsu | Three seated50–78 cm (20–31 in) | (金色堂), Chūson-ji, Hiraizumi, Iwate | Konjikidō
Yakushi Nyorai and two attendants (木造薬師如来及両脇侍像, mokuzō yakushi nyorai oyobi ryōkyōjizō)[21][11] | —
|
Heian period, c. 806–810 | Zelkova wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Yakushi Nyorai (healing Buddha) flanked by standing Nikkō Bosatsu and Gakkō Bosatsu (Bodhisattvas of sun and moon light) | Seated141.8 cm (55.8 in) (Yakushi), 169.4 cm (66.7 in), 173.9 cm (68.5 in) | Shōjō-ji (勝常寺), Yugawa, Fukushima |
Fugen Bosatsu (Samantabhadra) on an elephant (木造普賢菩薩騎象像, mokuzō fugen bosatsu kizōzō)[22][11] | —
|
Heian period, first half of 12th century | kirikane (截金)) on wood | Colored wood and cut-gold foil (Fugen Bosatsu on elephant | Seated statue of140 cm (55 in) (whole sculpture), 55.2 cm (21.7 in) (statue). | Ōkura Shūkokan Museum of Fine Arts (大倉集古館), Tokyo |
Great Buddha (銅造阿弥陀如来坐像, dōzō amida nyoraizō) | Outdoor statue cast by Hisatomo Tanji and Gorōemon Ohno | Kamakura period, 1252 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Bronze cast, gold leaf over lacquer (Amida Nyorai | Seated13.35 m (43.8 ft), 93 t (92 long tons; 103 short tons). | Kōtoku-in, Kamakura, Kanagawa |
Eleven-faced Goddess of Mercy (木造十一面観音立像, mokuzō jūichimenkannon ryūzō)[22][23] | —
|
Heian period, mid-9th century | Colored wood | Jūichimen Kannon | Standing177.3 cm (69.8 in) | Kōgen-ji (向源寺) (Dōgan-ji Kannond Hall (渡岸寺観音堂), Takatsuki, Shiga |
Shinra Myōjin (木造新羅明神坐像, mokuzō shinra myōjin zazō)[24] | statue of Mii-dera's guardian deity | Heian period, 11th century | kirikane (截金)) on wood | Colored wood and cut-gold foil ((新羅明神) | Seated Shinra Myōjin78 cm (31 in) | (新羅善神堂, shinra zenshindō), Mii-dera, Ōtsu, Shiga | Shinra Zenshin Hall
Chishō Daishi (Enchin) (木造智証大師坐像, mokuzō chishō daishi zazō) or Okotsu Daishi (御骨大師)[25] | —
|
Heian period, 9th century | Colored wood | Enchin) | Seated Chishō Daishi (86.3 cm (34.0 in) | (唐院大師堂, tōin daishidō), Mii-dera, Ōtsu, Shiga | Tō-in Daishi Hall
Chishō Daishi (Enchin) (木造智証大師坐像, mokuzō chishō daishi zazō) or Chūson Daishi (中尊大師)[26] | —
|
Heian period, 10th century | Colored wood | Enchin) | Seated Chishō Daishi (84.3 cm (33.2 in) | (唐院大師堂, tōin daishidō), Mii-dera, Ōtsu, Shiga | Tō-in Daishi Hall
Shakyamuni (Shaka Nyorai) (銅造釈迦如来坐像, dōzō shaka nyorai zazō)[11][23] | —
|
Asuka period, beginning of 8th century | Gilt bronze | Shaka Nyorai) | Seated Shakyamuni (240.3 cm (94.6 in) | Hon-dō, Kaniman-ji (蟹満寺), Kizugawa, Kyoto |
Eleven-faced Goddess of Mercy (木心乾漆十一面観音立像, mokushin kanshitsu jūichimenkannon ryūzō)[11] | —
|
Nara period, second half of 8th century | (mokushin kanshitsu)), gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood-core dry lacquer (木心乾漆Jūichimen Kannon | Standing172.7 cm (68.0 in) | Hon-dō, Kannon-ji (観音寺), Kyōtanabe, Kyoto |
Fūjin and Raijin (木造〈風神/雷神〉像, mokuzō Fūjin-Raijin zō) or Wind God and Thunder God[11][23] | —
|
Kamakura period, mid-13th century | Colored wood and crystal eyes | Fūjin and standing Raijin | Standing111.5 cm (43.9 in) (Fūjin) and 100.0 cm (39.4 in) (Raijin) | Sanjūsangen-dō, Myōhō-in (妙法院), Kyoto, Kyoto |
Bonten (木造梵天坐像, mokuzō bonten zazō)[11] and Taishakuten in half-lotus position (帝釈天半跏像, taishakuten hankazō) | —
|
Heian period, 839 | Colored wood (faded) | Bonten on a lotus pedestal carried by four geese and Taishakuten seated on an elephant in half-lotus position | Seated101.1 cm (39.8 in) (Bonten) and 110 cm (43 in) | (講堂, kō-dō), Tō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Lecture Hall
Amida Nyorai and two sitting attendants (木造阿弥陀如来及両脇侍坐像, mokuzō amida nyorai oyobi ryōwakiji zazō)[11] | —
|
Heian period, 1148 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Amida Nyorai and two sitting attendants (Kannon and Seishi) | Sitting244.0 cm (96.1 in) (Amida), 131.8 cm (51.9 in) (Kannon) and 130.9 cm (51.5 in) (Seishi) | (往生極楽院, ōjō gokurakuin amidadō), Sanzen-in (三千院), Kyoto, Kyoto | Ōjō Gokuraku-in Amida Hall
Amida Nyorai and two sitting attendants (木造阿弥陀如来及両脇侍坐像, mokuzō amida nyorai oyobi ryōwakiji zazō)[11] | Former principal image of Seika-ji (棲霞寺) | Heian period, 896 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Amida Nyorai and two sitting attendants (Kannon and Seishi). | Sitting172.2 cm (67.8 in) (Amida), 165.7 cm (65.2 in) (Kannon) and 168.2 cm (66.2 in) (Seishi) | Seiryō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto |
Amida Nyorai and two attendants (木造阿弥陀如来及両脇侍像, mokuzō amida nyorai oyobi ryōwakijizō)[11] | Originally enshrined in the kon-dō | Heian period, 888 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Amida Nyorai and two standing attendants (Kannon and Seishi). | Sitting86.6 cm (34.1 in) (Amida), 123.4 cm (48.6 in) (Kannon) and 123.3 cm (48.5 in) (Seishi) | (霊宝館, reihōkan), Ninna-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Treasure Hall
Amida Nyorai (木造阿弥陀如来坐像, mokuzō amida nyorai zazō)[11] | —
|
Heian period, end of 11th century | shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Amida Nyorai | Sitting280.0 cm (110.2 in) | (阿弥陀堂, amidadō), Hōkai-ji (法界寺), Kyoto, Kyoto | Amida Hall
Amida Nyorai (木造阿弥陀如来坐像, mokuzō amida nyorai zazō)[11] | —
|
Heian period, 840 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Amida Nyorai | Sitting263.6 cm (103.8 in) | (講堂, kō-dō), Kōryū-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Lecture Hall
Nine Amida Nyorai (木造阿弥陀如来坐像, mokuzō amida nyorai zazō)[11] | Nine statues representing the nine stages of nirvana | Heian period, around 1100 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Amida Nyorai flanked by four sitting Amida Nyorai on both sides | One central sitting224.2 cm (88.3 in) (central), 138.8–145.4 cm (54.6–57.2 in) (others) | Hon-dō, Jōruri-ji (浄瑠璃寺), Kizugawa, Kyoto |
Amida Nyorai (木造阿弥陀如来坐像, mokuzō amida nyorai zazō)[11] | Only extant work by Jōchō | Heian period, 1053 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Amida Nyorai. | Sitting283.9 cm (111.8 in) | (鳳凰堂, hōō-dō), Byōdō-in, Uji, Kyoto | Phoenix Hall
Bosatsu on clouds (木造雲中供養菩薩像, mokuzō unchū kuyō bosatsuzō)[11] | —
|
Heian period, 1053 | shippaku (漆箔)), colored, partially cut-gold foil (kirikane (截金)) on wood. | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Bosatsu on clouds attached to the wall. | 5240.0–87.0 cm (15.7–34.3 in) | (鳳凰堂, hōō-dō), Byōdō-in, Uji, Kyoto | Phoenix Hall
Tobatsu Bishamonten (木造兜跋毘沙門天立像, mokuzō tobatsu bishamonten ryūzō)[11][12] | Formerly enshrined in the Bishamon Hall (毘沙門堂, bishamon-dō) | Tang Dynasty, 9th century | shippaku (漆箔)), colored, nerimono (練物). | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Bishamonten. | Standing189.4 cm (74.6 in) | (霊宝館, reihōkan), Tō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Treasure Hall
Five Great Kokūzō Bosatsu (Akasagarbha) (木造五大虚空蔵菩薩坐像, mokuzō godai kokūzō bosatsu zazō)[11][12] | —
|
Heian period, 9th century | Colored wood. | Akasagarbha). | Five sitting Kokūzō Bosatsu (94.2–99.1 cm (37.1–39.0 in) | Tahōtō , Jingo-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto |
Five Great Bosatsu (木造五大菩薩坐像, mokuzō godai bosatsu zazō)[23] | The central figure is excluded from the nomination being a later work. | Heian period, 839 | Wood. | Bosatsu. | Four seated96.4 cm (38.0 in) | (講堂, kō-dō), Tō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Lecture Hall
Five Wisdom Kings (木造五大明王像, mokuzō godai myōōzō)[11][23] | —
|
Heian period, 839 | Colored wood. | Five Wisdom Kings: sitting Acala, standing Trilokavijaya, Kundali and Vajrayaksa, Yamantaka riding a bull. | 173.0 cm (68.1 in) (Acala), 174.0 cm (68.5 in) (Trilokavijaya), 201.0 cm (79.1 in) (Kundali), 143.0 cm (56.3 in) (Yamantaka), 172.0 cm (67.7 in) (Vajrayaksa) | (講堂, kō-dō), Tō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Lecture Hall
Kōbō Daishi (Kūkai) (木造弘法大師坐像, mokuzō Kōbō Daishi zazō) | by Kōshō (康勝) | Kamakura period, 1233 | Colored wood, crystal eyes. | Kūkai). | Seated Kōbō Daishi (69.0 cm (27.2 in) | (御影堂, mieidō), Tō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Miei Hall
Four Heavenly Kings (木造四天王立像, mokuzō shitennō ryūzō)[11] | —
|
Heian period, 11th–12th century | latekirikane (截金)) on wood. | Colored wood and cut-gold foil (Four Heavenly Kings. | Standing169.7 cm (66.8 in) (Jikoku-ten), 169.7 cm (66.8 in) (Zōjō-ten), 168.8 cm (66.5 in) (Kōmoku-ten), 167.0 cm (65.7 in) (Tamon-ten) | Jōruri-ji (浄瑠璃寺), Kizugawa, Kyoto |
Four Heavenly Kings (木造四天王立像, mokuzō shitennō ryūzō)[12] | —
|
Heian period, 839 | Wood. | Four Heavenly Kings | Standing183.0 cm (72.0 in) (Jikoku-ten), 184.2 cm (72.5 in) (Zōjō-ten), 171.8 cm (67.6 in) (Kōmoku-ten), 197.9 cm (77.9 in) (Tamon-ten) | (講堂, kō-dō), Tō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Lecture Hall
Shakyamuni (Shaka Nyorai) (木造釈迦如来立像, mokuzō shaka nyorai ryūzō) and objects found within the statue[11][12] | Copy of lost Udayana Buddha by the Chinese sculptors and brothers Zhāng Yánjiǎo and Zhāng Yánxí. Brought to Japan from China in 986 by the monk Chōnen (奝然). Includes a model of the internal organs, made of silk and other materials, a paper with the seal of Chōnen and other items. Inscription of repair dated 1218. | Northern Song, 985 | (素地, kiji), cut-gold foil (kirikane (截金)) on wood. | Wood. Natural wood surfaceShaka Nyorai) | Standing Shakyamuni (160.0 cm (63.0 in) | Hon-dō, Seiryō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto |
Eleven-faced Goddess of Mercy (木造十一面観音立像, mokuzō jūichimenkannon ryūzō) | —
|
Heian period, 951 | Wood. | Jūichimen Kannon | Standing258.0 cm (101.6 in) | Hon-dō, Rokuharamitsu-ji (六波羅蜜寺), Kyoto, Kyoto |
Twelve Heavenly Generals (木造十二神将立像, mokuzō jūni shinshō ryūzō)[11][12] | by Chōsei (長勢) | Heian period, 1064 | Colored wood. | Standing Twelve Heavenly Generals | 123.0 cm (48.4 in) (Kumbhira), 115.1 cm (45.3 in) (Andira) | (霊宝殿, reihōden), Kōryū-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Treasure House
Thousand-armed Kannon (木造千手観音坐像, mokuzō senjū kannon zazō)[11][12] | by Tankei | Kamakura period, 1251–1254 | shippaku (漆箔)), crystal eyes. | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Thousand-armed Kannon | Seated334.8 cm (131.8 in) | Sanjūsangen-dō, Myōhō-in (妙法院), Kyoto, Kyoto |
Thousand-armed Kannon (木造千手観音立像, mokuzō senjū kannon ryūzō)[11][12][23] | —
|
Heian period, around 934 | Colored wood (faded). | Thousand-armed Kannon | Standing109.7 cm (43.2 in) | Hosshō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto |
Thousand-armed Kannon (木造千手観音立像, mokuzō senjū kannon ryūzō)[11][12] | —
|
Heian period, before 873 | Colored wood (faded). | Thousand-armed Kannon | Standing266.0 cm (104.7 in) | (講堂, kō-dō), Kōryū-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Lecture Hall
Hachiman in the guise of a seated monk (木造僧形八幡神坐像, mokuzō sōgyō hachimanjin zazō) and two Goddesses (木造女神坐像, mokuzō joshin zazō)[27] | —
|
Heian period, 9th century | hinoki wood-core dry lacquer (木心乾漆 (mokushin kanshitsu)), painted or gilded | Hachiman and two seated attendant goddesses. | Seatedc. 110 cm (43 in) each | Tō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto |
Canopy (木造天蓋, mokuzō tengai) | —
|
Heian period, 1053 | Wood. | n/a | ??? | (鳳凰堂, hōō-dō), Byōdō-in, Uji, Kyoto | Phoenix Hall
Twenty eight attendants (木造二十八部衆立像, mokuzō nijūhachi bushū ryūzō)[12][11] | —
|
Kamakura period, mid 13th century | kirikane (截金)) on wood, crystal eyes. | Colored wood (faded) and cut-gold foil (Thousand-armed Kannon (千手観音, senjū kannon). | Standing 28 attendants of the153.6–169.7 cm (60.5–66.8 in) | Sanjūsangen-dō, Myōhō-in (妙法院), Kyoto, Kyoto |
Bishamonten, Kichijōten, Zennishi Dōji (木造毘沙門天及〈吉祥天/善膩師童子〉立像〉, mokuzō bishamonten kichijōten zennishi dōji ryūzō)[12][11][23] | —
|
Heian period, 1127 | (素地, kiji). | Wood. Natural wood surfaceBishamonten accompanied by his wife Kichijōten and her son Zennishi Dōji (all standing). | 175.7 cm (69.2 in) (Bishamonten) | Hon-dō, Kurama-dera (鞍馬寺), Kyoto, Kyoto |
Fukū Kensaku Kannon (木造不空羂索観音立像, mokuzō fukū kensaku kannon ryūzō)[11] | Formerly enshrined in the Lecture Hall (講堂, kō-dō). | Heian period, around 800 | Colored wood (faded). | Fukū Kensaku Kannon | Standing313.6 cm (123.5 in) | (霊宝殿} reihōden), Kōryū-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Treasure House
Fudō Myōō (Acala) (木造不動明王坐像, mokuzō fudō myōō zazō) and Canopy (木造天蓋, mokuzō tengai)[23] | —
|
Heian period, second half of 9th century | Wood. | Acala and canopy. | Seated123.0 cm (48.4 in) | (御影堂, miei-dō), Tō-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Miei Hall
Bodhisattva in half-lotus position (木造菩薩半跏像, mokuzō bosatsu hankazō) or Nyoirin Kannon (如意輪観音)[28] | —
|
Heian period, 9th century, Jōgan era | (素地, kiji). | Wood. Natural wood surfaceNyoirin Kannon in half-lotus position. | 88.2 cm (34.7 in) | Hon-dō, Gantoku-ji (願徳寺), Kyoto, Kyoto |
Miroku Bosatsu in half-lotus position (木造弥勒菩薩半跏像, mokuzō miroku bosatsu hankazō) or hōkan miroku (宝冠弥勒)[11] | Possibly imported to Japan from Korea. | Asuka period, 7th century | Japanese Red Pine wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Miroku Bosatsu in half-lotus position. | 84.2 cm (33.1 in) | (霊宝殿, reihōden), Kōryū-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Treasure House
Miroku Bosatsu in half-lotus position (木造弥勒菩薩半跏像, mokuzō miroku bosatsu hankazō) or Weeping Miroku (泣き弥勒, naki miroku)[11] | Possibly made in Japan. | Asuka period, around 700 | Camphorwood. Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Miroku Bosatsu in half-lotus position. | 66.4 cm (26.1 in) | (霊宝殿, reihōden), Kōryū-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Treasure House
Yakushi Nyorai and two attendants (木造薬師如来及両脇侍像, mokuzō yakushi nyorai oyobi ryōkyōjizō)[11][22] | Formerly enshrined in the Yakushi Hall (薬師堂). | Heian period, 913 | Hinoki wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Yakushi Nyorai (healing Buddha) and two standing attendants: Nikkō Bosatsu and Gakkō Bosatsu (Bodhisattvas of sun and moon light) | Seated176.5 cm (69.5 in) (Yakushi) | (霊宝館, reihōkan), Daigo-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto | Treasure House
Yakushi Nyorai (木造薬師如来坐像, mokuzō yakushi nyorai zazō)[12][11] | By Ensei (円勢) and Chōen (長円). Halo with Seven Buddhas of healing (七仏薬師, shichibutsu yakushi), Nikkō Bosatsu and Gakkō Bosatsu. Pedestal with Twelve Heavenly Generals (十二神将, jūni shinshō). | Heian period, 1103 | Sandalwood. Natural wood surface (素地, kiji), cut-gold foil (kirikane (截金)) on wood. | Yakushi Nyorai. | Seated10.7 cm (4.2 in) | Reimeiden (霊明殿), Ninna-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto |
Yakushi Nyorai (木造薬師如来立像, mokuzō yakushi nyorai ryūzō) | Principal image of Jingo-ji's predecessor temple Jingan-ji (神願寺). | Heian period, end of 8th century | (素地, kiji). | Wood. Natural wood surfaceYakushi Nyorai. | Standing169.7 cm (66.8 in) | Kon-dō , Jingo-ji, Kyoto, Kyoto |
Thousand-armed Kannon (乾漆千手観音坐像, kanshitsu senjū kannon zazō)[11] | The statue has a total of 1041 arms: 2 main arms with the hand palms facing each other in front of the statue, 38 large and 1001 small arms extending from behind the body. | Nara period, middle of 8th century | (乾漆, kanshitsu). Gold leaf over lacquer (漆箔, shippaku). | Dry lacquerThousand-armed Kannon. | Seated131.3 cm (51.7 in) | Hon-dō , Fujii-dera (葛井寺), Fujiidera, Osaka |
Eleven-faced Goddess of Mercy (木造十一面観音立像, mokuzō jūichimenkannon ryūzō)[11] | —
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Heian period, beginning of 9th century | (素地, kiji). | Wood. Natural wood surfaceJūichimen Kannon | Standing99.4 cm (39.1 in) | Hon-dō , Dōmyō-ji (道明寺), Fujiidera, Osaka |
Nyoirin Kannon (木造如意輪観音坐像, mokuzō nyoirin kannon zazō)[11] | —
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Heian period, around 840 | Colored wood. | Nyoirin Kannon with one knee pulled up. | Seated108.8 cm (42.8 in) | Kon-dō , Kanshin-ji (観心寺), Kawachinagano, Osaka |
Yakushi Nyorai (木造薬師如来坐像, mokuzō yakushi nyorai zazō)[11] | —
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Heian period, around 900 | (素地, kiji). | Wood. Natural wood surfaceYakushi Nyorai. | Seated92.9 cm (36.6 in) | Hon-dō , Shishikutsu-ji (獅子窟寺), Katano, Osaka |
Amida Nyorai and two standing attendants (木造阿弥陀如来及両脇侍立像, mokuzō amida nyorai oyobi ryōwakiji ryūzō)[11] | —
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Kamakura period, 1195 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Amida Nyorai and two standing attendants. | Standing530.0 cm (208.7 in) (Amida), 371.0 cm (146.1 in) (each attendant) | Hon-dō (Amida Hall (阿弥陀堂) or Jōdo-dō (浄土堂)) , Jōdo-ji (浄土寺), Ono, Hyōgo |
Bonten (乾漆梵天立像, kanshitsu bonten ryūzō) and Taishakuten (乾漆帝釈天立像, kanshitsu taishakuten ryūzō)[12][11] | —
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Nara period, 8th century | (脱活乾漆造, dakkatsu kanshitsu zukuri), colored. | Hollow dry lacquerBonten and standing Taishakuten. | Standing403.0 cm (158.7 in) (Bonten), 378.8 cm (149.1 in) (Taishakuten) | Hokke-dō (法華堂) , Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Priest Ganjin (Jianzhen) (乾漆鑑真和上坐像, kanshitsu ganjin wajō zazō) | —
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Nara period, 8th century | (脱活乾漆造, dakkatsu kanshitsu zukuri), colored. | Hollow dry lacquerGanjin. | Seated80.1 cm (31.5 in) | (開山堂, kaisan-dō) , Tōshōdai-ji, Nara, Nara | Founder's Hall
Kongōrikishi (Niō) (乾漆金剛力士立像, kanshitsu kongōrikishi ryūzō)[11] | Niō in armour. There is another pair of Kongōrikishi (National Treasure) in Nandaimon (南大門), Tōdai-ji. | Nara period, 8th century | (脱活乾漆造, dakkatsu kanshitsu zukuri), colored. Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Hollow dry lacquerNiō: Agyō (阿形) and Ungyō (吽形). | Standing pair of326.3 cm (128.5 in) (Agyō) and 306.0 cm (120.5 in) (Ungyō) | hokke-dō (法華堂) , Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Priest Gyōshin (乾漆行信僧都坐像, kanshitsu gyōshin sōzu zazō) | Statue of the founder of the Hall of Dreams (夢殿, yumedono). | Nara period, second half of 8th century | (乾漆, kanshitsu). | Dry lacquerGyōshin. | Seated89.7 cm (35.3 in) | (夢殿, yumedono) , Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Hall of Dreams
Four Heavenly Kings (乾漆四天王立像, kanshitsu shitennō ryūzō)[11] | —
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Nara period, 8th century | (脱活乾漆造, dakkatsu kanshitsu zukuri), colored. | Hollow dry lacquerFour Heavenly Kings. | Standing308.5 cm (121.5 in) (Jikoku-ten), 300.0 cm (118.1 in) (Zōjō-ten), 315.1 cm (124.1 in) (Kōmoku-ten), 312.1 cm (122.9 in) (Tamon-ten) | Hokke-dō (法華堂) , Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
The ten principal disciples (乾漆十大弟子立像, kanshitsu jū daideshi ryūzō)[11] | Four statues of the group of 10 are lost. Originally enshrined in the Western Golden Hall (西金堂) surrounding the principal Shaka Nyorai image there. | Nara period, 734 | (脱活乾漆造, dakkatsu kanshitsu zukuri), colored. | Hollow dry lacquerThe ten principal disciples: Furuna, Mokuren, Sharihotsu, Kasennen, Ragora, Shubodai | Standing six of148.8 cm (58.6 in) (Furuna), 149.1 cm (58.7 in) (Mokuren), 154.8 cm (60.9 in) (Sharihotsu), 146.0 cm (57.5 in) (Kasennen), 148.8 cm (58.6 in) (Ragora), 147.6 cm (58.1 in) (Shubodai) | Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara |
The eight legions (乾漆八部衆立像(内一躯下半身欠失), kanshitsu hachibushū ryūzō)[11] | Of one figure, Gobujō, only the upper part of the body remains. The Ashura of this group is among the most famous sculptures in Japan. | Nara period, 734 | (脱活乾漆造, dakkatsu kanshitsu zukuri), colored. | Hollow dry lacquerEight Legions: Ashura, Gobujō (五部浄), Kinnara, Sakara/Shakara (沙羯羅), Hibakara (畢婆迦羅), Kubanda (鳩槃荼), Kendatsuba, Garuda | Standing153.0 cm (60.2 in) (Ashura), 48.8 cm (19.2 in) (fragments of Gobujō), 149.1 cm (58.7 in) (Kinnara), 153.6 cm (60.5 in) (Shakara), 156.0 cm (61.4 in) (Hibakara), 151.2 cm (59.5 in) (Kubanda), 160.3 cm (63.1 in) (Kendatsuba), 149.7 cm (58.9 in) (Garuda) | Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara |
Fukū Kensaku Kannon (乾漆不空羂索観音立像, kanshitsu fukū kensaku kannon ryūzō)[11] | —
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Nara period, 8th century | (脱活乾漆造, dakkatsu kanshitsu zukuri). Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Hollow dry lacquerFukū Kensaku Kannon | Standing362.1 cm (142.6 in) | hokke-dō (法華堂) , Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Yakushi Nyorai (乾漆薬師如来坐像, kanshitsu yakushi nyorai zazō)[11] | Principal image of the West Octagonal Hall (西円堂,, saien-dō). One of three National Treasure Yakushi Nyorai at Hōryū-ji. The others are located in the Kon-dō and in the Large Lecture Hall (大講堂,, daikō-dō). | Nara period, 8th century | (脱活乾漆造, dakkatsu kanshitsu zukuri). Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Hollow dry lacquerYakushi Nyorai (healing Buddha) | Seated244.5 cm (96.3 in) | (西円堂,, saien-dō) , Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | West Octagonal Hall
Rushana Buddha (乾漆盧舎那仏坐像, rushanabutsu zazō) | —
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Nara period, 8th century | (脱活乾漆造, dakkatsu kanshitsu zukuri). Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Hollow dry lacquerRushana Buddha. | Seated304.5 cm (119.9 in) | Kon-dō , Tōshōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Nikkō Bosatsu (塑造日光仏立像, sozō nikkō butsu ryūzō) and Gakkō Bosatsu (塑造月光仏立像, sozō gakkō butsu ryūzō)[11] | —
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Nara period, 8th century | kirikane (截金)) on clay. | Colored clay. Cut-gold foil (Nikkō Bosatsu and Gakkō Bosatsu (Bodhisattvas of sun and moon light). | Standing206.3 cm (81.2 in) (Nikkō), 206.8 cm (81.4 in) (Gakkō) | Hokke-dō (法華堂) , Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Four Heavenly Kings (塑造四天王立像, sozō shitennō ryūzō)[11] | —
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Nara period, 8th century | Colored clay. | Four Heavenly Kings. | Standing160.6 cm (63.2 in) (Jikoku-ten), 165.4 cm (65.1 in) (Zōjō-ten), 162.7 cm (64.1 in) (Kōmoku-ten), 164.5 cm (64.8 in) (Tamon-ten) | (戒壇堂, kaidan-dō) , Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara | Kaidan Hall
Shukongōshin (塑造執金剛神立像, sozō shukongōshin ryūzō)[11][12] | Mentioned in the Nihon Ryōiki as the statue which aided the priest Rōben. | Nara period, mid 8th century | Colored clay. | Shukongōshin. | Standing173.9 cm (68.5 in) | Hokke-dō (法華堂) , Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Twelve Heavenly Generals (塑造十二神将立像, sozō jūni shinshō ryūzō)[11][12][nb 2] | Statues are placed in a circle surrounding Yakushi Nyorai. Oldest extant sculptures of the Twelve Heavenly Generals. One statue, Haira (波夷羅), dated 1931 is excluded from the nomination. | Nara period, 729–749 | Colored clay. | Twelve Heavenly Generals: Bazara (伐折羅), Anira (頞儞羅), Bigyara (毘羯羅), Makora (摩虎羅), Kubira (宮毘羅), Shōtora (招杜羅), Shintara (真達羅), Santera (珊底羅), Meikira (迷企羅), Antera (安底羅), Indara (因達羅) | Standing eleven of the162.9 cm (64.1 in) (Bazara), 154.2 cm (60.7 in) (Anira), 162.1 cm (63.8 in) (Bigyara), 170.1 cm (67.0 in) (Makora), 165.1 cm (65.0 in) (Kubira), 167.6 cm (66.0 in) (Shōtora), 165.5 cm (65.2 in) (Shintara), 161.8 cm (63.7 in) (Santera), 159.5 cm (62.8 in) (Meikira), 153.6 cm (60.5 in) (Antera), 155.2 cm (61.1 in) (Indara) | Hon-dō , Shin-Yakushi-ji, Nara, Nara |
Four sculpted scenes in the pagoda (塑造塔本四面具, sozō tōhon shimengu)[11][23] | Four groups in the cardinal directions depicting scenes from the life of Buddha. | Nara period, 711 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Colored clay. Gold leaf over lacquer (Miroku Bosatsu leaning against an elephant (S); seated Yuimakoji, seated Monju Bosatsu and 14 attendants (E); Dying Buddha (涅槃釈迦, nehan shaka) (Shaka Nyorai) and 31 attendants (N); Gold coffin, reliquary and 29 attendants (W). | Total of 78 statues and two other objects:81.0 cm (31.9 in) (Miroku Bosatsu), 98.0 cm (38.6 in) (Shaka Nyorai), 45.2 cm (17.8 in) (Yuimakoji), 52.4 cm (20.6 in) (Monju Bosatsu), 25.6 cm (10.1 in) (gold coffin), 37.3 cm (14.7 in) (reliquary) | pagoda (五重塔, gojūnotō) , Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Five-storied
Priest Dōsen (塑造道詮律師坐像, sozō dōsen risshi zazō)[23] | —
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Heian period, around 873 | Colored clay. | Dōsen. | Seated88.2 cm (34.7 in) | (夢殿, yumedono) , Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Hall of Dreams
Miroku Bosatsu (塑造弥勒仏坐像, sozō miroku butsu zazō)[11][23] | Oldest extant Miroku Bosatsu statue in Japan. | Asuka period, second half of 7th century | shippaku (漆箔)). | Clay. Gold leaf over lacquer (Miroku Bosatsu. | Seated219.7 cm (86.5 in) | Kon-dō , Taima-dera, Nara, Nara |
Amida Nyorai and two attendants (銅造阿弥陀如来及両脇侍像, dōzō amida nyorai oyobi ryōwakijizō) and miniature shrine (木造厨子, mokuzō zushi)[12][23][11] | Buddhist image for personal daily worship (nenjibutsu (念持仏)), dedicated by Lady Tachibana (橘夫人, tachibana fujin). | Asuka period, end of 7th century | Gilded bronze. Yuga (油画) oil painting on wood for the shrine. | Amida Nyorai and two standing attendants (Kannon and Seishi). | Seated33.3 cm (13.1 in) (Amida), 27.0 cm (10.6 in) (each attendant) | (大宝蔵殿, daihōzōden), Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Treasure House
Kannon (銅造観音菩薩立像, dōzō kannon bosatsu ryūzō) or Shō Kannon (聖観音)[11][23][15] | Influenced by Indian sculpture of the Gupta period | Asuka period, early 8th century | Gilded bronze | Kannon | Standing188.9 cm (74.4 in) | (東院堂) , Yakushi-ji, Nara, Nara | Tōin-dō
Kannon (銅造観音菩薩立像, dōzō kannon bosatsu ryūzō) or Yumechigai Kannon (夢違観音)[11][23] | Its common name derives from the belief that the statue could change bad dreams into good dreams. Formerly the principal statue of the Tōin eden (東院絵殿). One of four National Treasure standing Kannon Bosatsu statues at Hōryū-ji. Two more are also in the Great Treasure Gallery (大宝蔵院, daihōzō-in), while the third Kannon Bosatsu is enshrined in the Hall of Dreams (夢殿, yumedono). | Asuka period, around 700 | Gilded bronze | Kannon | Standing87.0 cm (34.3 in) | (大宝蔵院, daihōzō-in), Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Great Treasure Gallery
Shakyamuni (Shaka Nyorai) and two attendants (銅造釈迦如来及両脇侍像, dōzō shaka nyorai oyobi ryōwakijizō)[11][23] | By Tori Busshi. | Asuka period, 623 | Gilded bronze. | Shaka Nyorai and two standing attendants | Seated86.4 cm (34.0 in) (Shaka), 90.7 cm (35.7 in) (left att.), 92.4 cm (36.4 in) (right att.) | Kon-dō, Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara |
Shaka at birth (銅造誕生釈迦仏立像, dōzō tanjō shaka butsu ryūzō) and ablution basin (銅造灌仏盤, dōzō kanbutsuban)[11][23] | —
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Nara period, second half of 8th century | Gilded bronze. | Shaka at birth in ablution basin. | Standing47.5 cm (18.7 in) (Shaka), diameter of bowl: 89.4 cm (35.2 in) | Kōkei-dō (公慶堂) , Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Buddha head (Buttō) (銅造仏頭, dōzō buttō)[11] | Former principal image in the Lecture Hall (講堂, kō-dō) of Yamada-dera (山田寺). | Asuka period, 668 | Gilded bronze. | Buttō. | 98.3 cm (38.7 in) | (国宝館, kokuhōkan) , Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | National Treasure House
Yakushi Nyorai and two attendants (銅造薬師如来及両脇侍像, dōzō yakushi nyorai oyobi ryōkyōjizō)[11][23][15] | Yakushi Nyorai is placed on a 150 cm (59 in) high pedestal combining elements of different cultures of the world: grape-vine (Greek), lotus flower pattern (Mideast), crouching barbarians (India), dragon, tiger and tortoise (China). | Nara period, around 718 | Gilded bronze. | Yakushi Nyorai (healing Buddha) and two standing attendants: Nikkō Bosatsu and Gakkō Bosatsu (Bodhisattvas of sun and moon light). | Seated254.7 cm (100.3 in) (Yakushi), 317.3 cm (124.9 in) (Nikkō), 315.3 cm (124.1 in) (Gakkō) | Kon-dō, Yakushi-ji, Nara, Nara |
Yakushi Nyorai (銅造薬師如来坐像, dōzō yakushi nyorai zazō)[11] | One of three National Treasure Yakushi Nyorai at Hōryū-ji. The others are located in the West Octagonal Hall (西円堂,, saien-dō) and in the Large Lecture Hall (大講堂,, daikō-dō). | Asuka period, 607 | Gilded bronze. | Yakushi Nyorai. | Seated63.0 cm (24.8 in) | Kon-dō , Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara |
Rushana Buddha (銅造盧舎那仏坐像, dōzō rushanabutsu zazō) or Great Buddha of Nara[12][11] | —
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Nara period, 752. Head is a recast from the Edo period, hands date to the Momoyama period. | Gilded bronze. | Rushana Buddha. | Seated14.868m | Kon-dō , Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Twelve Heavenly Generals (板彫十二神将立像, itabori jūni shinshō ryūzō)[11] | —
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Heian period, 11th century | (板彫, itabori). Coloring, cut-gold foil (kirikane (截金)) on wood. | Wooden tablets. Relief carvingStanding Twelve Heavenly Generals. | 87.9–100.3 cm (34.6–39.5 in) | (国宝館, kokuhōkan) , Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | National Treasure House
Priest Gien (木心乾漆義淵僧正坐像, mokushin kanshitsu gien sōjō zazō)[23] | —
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Nara period, 8th century | (木心乾漆, mokushin kanshitsu). Colored. | Wood-core dry lacquerGien. | Seated93.0 cm (36.6 in) | Oka-dera (岡寺), Asuka, Nara |
Four Heavenly Kings (木心乾漆四天王立像, mokushin kanshitsu shitennō ryūzō)[11] | Nara period, 791 | (木心乾漆, mokushin kanshitsu). Colored. | Wood-core dry lacquerFour Heavenly Kings. | Standing138.2 cm (54.4 in) (Jikoku-ten), 136.0 cm (53.5 in) (Zōjō-ten), 139.1 cm (54.8 in) (Kōmoku-ten), 134.5 cm (53.0 in) (Tamon-ten) | (北円堂, hokuen-dō) , Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | North Octagonal Hall|
Eleven-faced Goddess of Mercy (木心乾漆十一面観音立像, mokushin kanshitsu jūichimenkannon ryūzō)[11] | —
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Nara period, second half of 8th century | (木心乾漆, mokushin kanshitsu). Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood-core dry lacquerJūichimen Kannon | Standing209.1 cm (82.3 in) | Daibiden (大悲殿), Shōrin-ji (聖林寺), Sakurai, Nara |
Thousand-armed Kannon (木心乾漆千手観音立像, mokushin kanshitsu senjū kannon ryūzō)[11][23] | —
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Nara period, second half of 8th century | (木心乾漆, mokushin kanshitsu). Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood-core dry lacquerThousand-armed Kannon. | Standing535.7 cm (210.9 in) | Kon-dō, Tōshōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Yakushi Nyorai (木心乾漆薬師如来立像, mokushin kanshitsu yakushi nyorai ryūzō)[11][23] | —
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Heian period, 796–815 | (木心乾漆, mokushin kanshitsu). Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood-core dry lacquerYakushi Nyorai. | Standing369.7 cm (145.6 in) | Kon-dō, Tōshōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Hachiman in the guise of a Buddhist monk (木造僧形八幡神坐像, mokuzō sōgyō hachimanjin zazō), Empress Jingū (木造神功皇后坐像, mokuzō jingūkōgō zazō), Nakatsuhime (木造仲津姫命坐像, mokuzō nakatsuhime)[23] | Oldest statues of their kind in Japan. | Heian period, 889–898 | Colored wood. | Hachiman, Empress Jingū and Nakatsuhime | Seated38.8 cm (15.3 in) (Hachiman), 33.9 cm (13.3 in) (Jingū), 36.8 cm (14.5 in) (Nakatsuhime) | Chinju Hachimangu (鎮守八幡宮) , Yakushi-ji, Nara, Nara |
Tentōki (木造天燈鬼立像, mokuzō tentōki ryūzō) and Ryūtōki (木造竜燈鬼立像, mokuzō ryūtōki ryūzō)[11] | Tentoki attributed to Kōben (康弁), Ryūtoki by Kōben. | Kamakura period, 1216 | Colored wood. Crystal eyes. | Tentōki (lantern on hand/shoulder) and Ryūtōki (lantern on head). | Standing77.9 cm (30.7 in) (Tentōki), 77.3 cm (30.4 in) (Ryūtōki) | Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara |
Muchaku (木造無著菩薩立像, mokuzō muchaku bosatsu ryūzō) and Seshin (木造世親菩薩立像, mokuzō seshin bosatsu ryūzō)[23][11] | By Unkei. | Kamakura period, 1208 | Colored wood. Crystal eyes. | Muchaku and Seshin. | Standing193.0 cm (76.0 in) (Muchaku), 190.9 cm (75.2 in) (Seshin) | (北円堂, hokuen-dō) , Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | North Octagonal Hall
Bonten (木造梵天立像, mokuzō bonten ryūzō) and Taishakuten (木造帝釈天立像, mokuzō taishakuten ryūzō)[23][11] | —
|
Nara period, second half of 8th century | Colored wood. | Bonten and standing Taishakuten. | Standing186.2 cm (73.3 in) (Bonten), 188.8 cm (74.3 in) (Taishakuten) | Kon-dō, Tōshōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Yuima (木造維摩居士坐像, mokuzō yuima koji zazō)[11][18] | Carved by Jōkei over a period of 56 days and painted by Kōen in 50 days | Kamakura period, 1196 | Colored wood in assembled wood-block (yosegi) technique, crystal eyes | Yuima | Seated88.6 cm (34.9 in) | (東金堂,, tōkon-dō), Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | Eastern Golden Hall
Kannon (木造観音菩薩立像, mokuzō kannon bosatsu ryūzō) or Nine-faced Kannon (九面観音, kumen kannon)[11][23] | One of four National Treasure standing Kannon Bosatsu statues at Hōryū-ji. Two more are also in the Great Treasure Gallery (大宝蔵院, daihōzō-in), while the third Kannon Bosatsu is enshrined in the Hall of Dreams (夢殿, yumedono). | Tang Dynasty, 7th century | Sandalwood. Natural wood surface (素地, kiji) | Kannon. | Standing37.6 cm (14.8 in) | (大宝蔵院, daihōzō-in), Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Great Treasure Gallery
Kannon (木造観世音菩薩立像, mokuzō kanzeon bosatsu ryūzō) or Kudara Kannon (百済観音)[11][23] | One of four National Treasure standing Kannon Bosatsu statues at Hōryū-ji. Two more are also in the Great Treasure Gallery (大宝蔵院, daihōzō-in), while the third Kannon Bosatsu is enshrined in the Hall of Dreams (夢殿, yumedono). | Asuka period, mid 7th century | Colored wood. | Kannon. | Standing209.4 cm (82.4 in) | (大宝蔵院, daihōzō-in), Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Great Treasure Gallery
Kannon (木造観世音菩薩立像, mokuzō kanzeon bosatsu ryūzō) or Guze Kannon (救世観音)[1] | One of four National Treasure standing Kannon Bosatsu statues at Hōryū-ji. The others are located in the Great Treasure Gallery (大宝蔵院, daihōzō-in). Oldest extant wooden statue in Japan. | Asuka period, first half of 7th century, 620 or so | (箔押, hakuoshi). | Single block of camphor wood. Stitched gold foilKannon. | Standing178.8 cm (70.4 in) | (夢殿, yumedono), Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Hall of Dreams
Tamayorihime (木造玉依姫命坐像, mokuzō tamayorihime no mikoto zazō)[29] | Probably by a Kei school sculptor. | Kamakura period, 1251 | yosegi-zukuri (寄木造) technique. Crystal eyes. | Wood,Seated Tamayorihime | 83 cm (33 in) | Yoshino Mikumari Shrine (吉野水分神社, yoshino mikumari jinja), Yoshino, Nara |
Kongōrikishi (Niō) (木造金剛力士立像, mokuzō kongōrikishi ryūzō)[11] | —
|
Kamakura period, 1288 | Colored wood. Crystal eyes. | Niō: Agyō (阿形) and Ungyō (吽形). | Standing pair of154.0 cm (60.6 in) (Agyō) and 153.7 cm (60.5 in) (Ungyō) | (国宝館, kokuhōkan), Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | National Treasure House
Kongōrikishi (Niō) (木造金剛力士立像, mokuzō kongōrikishi ryūzō)[11] | By Kaikei and Unkei. There is another pair of Kongōrikishi (National Treasure) in hokkedō (法華堂), Tōdai-ji. | Kamakura period, 1203 | Colored wood. | Niō: Agyō (阿形) and Ungyō (吽形). | Standing pair of836.3 cm (329.3 in) (Agyō) and 842.3 cm (331.6 in) (Ungyō) | (南大門), Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara | Nandaimon
Four Heavenly Kings (木造四天王立像(金堂安置), mokuzō shitennō ryūzō)[11][23] | By Yamaguchi no Ōguchi atai (山口大口費) et al. | Asuka period, around 650 | kirikane (截金)) on wood. | Colored wood and cut-gold foil (Four Heavenly Kings. | Standing133.3 cm (52.5 in) (Jikoku-ten), 134.8 cm (53.1 in) (Zōjō-ten), 133.3 cm (52.5 in) (Kōmoku-ten), 134.2 cm (52.8 in) (Tamon-ten) | Kon-dō, Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara |
Four Heavenly Kings (木造四天王立像(金堂安置), mokuzō shitennō ryūzō)[11][23] | —
|
Nara period, second half of 8th century | Colored wood. | Four Heavenly Kings. | Standing185.0 cm (72.8 in) (Jikoku-ten), 187.2 cm (73.7 in) (Zōjō-ten), 186.3 cm (73.3 in) (Kōmoku-ten), 188.5 cm (74.2 in) (Tamon-ten) | Kon-dō , Tōshōdai-ji, Nara, Nara |
Four Heavenly Kings (木造四天王立像, mokuzō shitennō ryūzō)[11][23][18] | There are three sets of Four Heavenly Kings designated as National Treasure at Kōfuku-ji. The others are located in the North Octagonal Hall (北円堂, hokuen-dō) and South Octagonal Hall (南円堂, nan'endō). | Heian period, early 9th century | kirikane (截金)) on wood | Colored wood in single-block (ichiboku) technique and cut-gold foil (Four Heavenly Kings | Standing162.5 cm (64.0 in) (Jikoku-ten), 161.0 cm (63.4 in) (Zōjō-ten), 164.0 cm (64.6 in) (Kōmoku-ten), 153.0 cm (60.2 in) (Tamon-ten) | (東金堂,, tōkon-dō), Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | Eastern Golden Hall
Four Heavenly Kings (木造四天王立像, mokuzō shitennō ryūzō)[11][23] | By Kōkei. There are three sets of Four Heavenly Kings designated as National Treasure at Kōfuku-ji. The others are located in the North Octagonal Hall (北円堂, hokuen-dō) and Eastern Golden Hall (東金堂,, tōkon-dō). | Kamakura period, 1189 | Colored wood | Four Heavenly Kings. | Standing206.6 cm (81.3 in) (Jikoku-ten), 197.5 cm (77.8 in) (Zōjō-ten), 200.0 cm (78.7 in) (Kōmoku-ten), 197.2 cm (77.6 in) (Tamon-ten) | (南円堂, nanendō), Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | South Octagonal Hall
Shakyamuni (Shaka Nyorai) and two attendants (木造釈迦如来及両脇侍坐像, mokuzō shaka nyorai oyobi ryōwakiji zazō)[11] | —
|
Heian period, 925–931 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Cherry wood, single tree. Gold leaf over lacquer (Shaka Nyorai and two seated attendants. | Seated227.9 cm (89.7 in) (Shaka), 155.7 cm (61.3 in) (left att.), 153.9 cm (60.6 in) (right att.) | (上御堂, kami no mi-dō), Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Inner Sanctuary
Shakyamuni (Shaka Nyorai) (木造釈迦如来坐像, mokuzō shaka nyorai zazō)[11] | —
|
Heian period, end of 8th century | Colored wood. | Shaka Nyorai. | Seated105.7 cm (41.6 in) | (弥勒堂, miroku-dō), Murō-ji, Uda, Nara | Miroku Hall
Shakyamuni (Shaka Nyorai) (木造釈迦如来立像, mokuzō shaka nyorai ryūzō)[11] | —
|
Heian period, end of 9th century | Colored wood. | Shaka Nyorai. | Standing237.7 cm (93.6 in) | Kon-dō, Murō-ji, Uda, Nara |
Eleven-faced Goddess of Mercy (木造十一面観音立像, mokuzō jūichimenkannon ryūzō)[11][23] | —
|
Heian period, end of 9th century | Colored wood. | Jūichimen Kannon. | Standing195.1 cm (76.8 in) | Kon-dō, Murō-ji, Uda, Nara |
Eleven-faced Goddess of Mercy (木造十一面観音立像, mokuzō jūichimenkannon ryūzō)[11][23] | —
|
Heian period, first half of 9th century | (素地, kiji) | Wood, natural wood surfaceJūichimen Kannon | Standing100.0 cm (39.4 in) | Hon-dō, Hokke-ji, Nara, Nara |
Twelve Heavenly Generals (木造十二神将立像, mokuzō jūni shinshō ryūzō)[11][18] | Supposedly each of the statues was carved by a different sculptor. | Kamakura period, 1207 | kirikane (截金)) on wood | Colored wood and cut-gold foil (Standing Twelve Heavenly Generals | 113.0–126.4 cm (44.5–49.8 in) | (東金堂, tōkon-dō), Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | Eastern Golden Hall
Priest Shunjō (木造俊乗上人坐像, mokuzō shunjō shōnin zazō)[23] | —
|
Kamakura period, around 1206 | hinoki wood. | ColoredChōgen (重源) (Shunjō). | Seated priest81.4 cm (32.0 in) | (俊乗堂), Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara | Shunjō-dō
Prince Shōtoku and four attendants (木造聖徳太子坐像, mokuzō shōtoku taishi zazō)[23][12] | —
|
Heian period, 1121 | kirikane (截金)) on wood. | Colored wood and cut-gold foil (Prince Shōtoku flanked by four seated figures: younger brother Eguri (山背), first son Yamashiro (殖栗), priest Eji and Somaro (卒末呂) | Seated84.2 cm (33.1 in) (Shōtoku), 53.9 cm (21.2 in) (Eguri), 63.9 cm (25.2 in) (Yamashiro), 63.9 cm (25.2 in) (Eji), 52.4 cm (20.6 in) (Somaro) | Shōryō-in (聖霊院), Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara |
Thousand-armed Kannon (木造千手観音立像, mokuzō senjū kannon ryūzō)[11][23] | By a sculptor of the Keiha (慶派) school. Formerly the principal image of the Refectory (食堂, jiki-dō). | Kamakura period, around 1220 | Hinoki wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). Crystal eyes. | Thousand-armed Kannon | Standing520.5 cm (204.9 in) | (国宝館, kokuhōkan), Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | National Treasure House
Hachiman in the guise of a seated monk (木造僧形八幡神坐像, mokuzō sōgyō hachimanjin zazō)[23] | By Kaikei. | Kamakura period, 1201 | hinoki wood. | ColoredHachiman. | Seated87.1 cm (34.3 in) | (八幡殿), Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara | Hachiman-dono
Dainichi Nyorai (木造大日如来坐像, mokuzō dainichi nyorai zazō)[11] | By Unkei. | Heian period, 1176 | shippaku (漆箔)). Crystal eyes. | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Dainichi Nyorai. | Seated98.8 cm (38.9 in) | Tahōtō, Enjō-ji (円成寺), Nara, Nara |
Jizō Bosatsu (木造地蔵菩薩立像, mokuzō jizō bosatsu ryūzō)[11][23] | —
|
Heian period, 9th century | Wood. | Jizō Bosatsu. | Standing172.7 cm (68.0 in) | (大宝蔵院, daihōzō-in), Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Great Treasure Gallery
Bishamonten (木造毘沙門天立像(金堂安置), mokuzō bishamonten ryūzō) and Kichijōten (木造吉祥天立像(金堂安置), mokuzō kichijōten ryūzō)[23] | —
|
Heian period, 1078 | kirikane (截金)) on wood. | Colored wood and cut-gold foil (Jizō Bosatsu. | Standing123.2 cm (48.5 in) (Bishamonten), 116.7 cm (45.9 in) (Kichijōten). | Kon-dō, Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara |
Fukū Kensaku Kannon (木造不空羂索観音立像, mokuzō fukū kensaku kannon ryūzō)[11] | By Kōkei | Kamakura period, 1189 | shippaku (漆箔)) | Wood, gold leaf over lacquer (Fukū Kensaku Kannon | Seated341.5 cm (134.4 in) | (南円堂, nan'endō), Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | South Octagonal Hall
Monju Bosatsu (木造文殊菩薩坐像, mokuzō monju bosatsu zazō)[18] | A work of a sculptor of the Kokei school | Kamakura period, 1196 | hinoki wood in assembled wood-block (yosegi) technique, gold paint, crystal eyes | ColoredMonju Bosatsu | Seated93.9 cm (37.0 in) | (東金堂, tōkon-dō), Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | Eastern Golden Hall
Bodhisattva in half-lotus position (木造菩薩半跏像, mokuzō bosatsu hankazō) or Nyoirin Kannon (如意輪観音)[11][23] | —
|
Asuka period, second half of 7th century | Camphorwood. | ColoredNyoirin Kannon in half-lotus position. | 87.0 cm (34.3 in) | Hon-dō, Chūgū-ji (中宮寺), Ikaruga, Nara |
Six Patriarchs of the Hossō sect (木造法相六祖坐像, mokuzō hossō rokuso zazō)[30][12] | By Kōkei. | Kamakura period, 1188–1189 | hinoki wood. Crystal eyes. | ColoredHossō sect: Jōtō (常騰), Shinei (神叡), Zenshu (善珠), Genbō (玄昉), Genpin (玄賓), Gyōga (行賀) | Six Patriarchs of the73.3 cm (28.9 in) (Jōtō), 81.2 cm (32.0 in) (Shinei), 83.0 cm (32.7 in) (Zenshu), 84.8 cm (33.4 in) (Genbō), 77.2 cm (30.4 in) (Genpin), 74.8 cm (29.4 in) (Gyōga) | (南円堂, nan'endō), Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | South Octagonal Hall
Miroku Bosatsu (木造弥勒仏坐像, mokuzō miroku butsu zazō)[23] | By Unkei. | Kamakura period, 1212 | shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood. Gold leaf over lacquer (Miroku Bosatsu. | Seated141.5 cm (55.7 in) | (北円堂, hokuen-dō) , Kōfuku-ji, Nara, Nara | North Octagonal Hall
Yakushi Nyorai and two attendants (木造薬師如来及両脇侍坐像, mokuzō yakushi nyorai oyobi ryōkyōji zazō)[23][11] | —
|
Heian period, end of 10th century | Hinoki wood, single tree. Gold leaf over lacquer (shippaku (漆箔)). | Yakushi Nyorai (healing Buddha) and two seated attendants: Nikkō Bosatsu and Gakkō Bosatsu (Bodhisattvas of sun and moon light). | Seated247.2 cm (97.3 in) (Yakushi), 172.1 cm (67.8 in) (each attendant) | (講堂, Kō-dō), Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara | Lecture Hall
Yakushi Nyorai (木造薬師如来坐像, mokuzō yakushi nyorai zazō)[23][11] | —
|
Heian period, 9th century | Japanese nutmeg
wood, single tree. |
Colored Yakushi Nyorai | Seated49.7 cm (19.6 in) | Nara National Museum, Nara, Nara |
Yakushi Nyorai (木造薬師如来坐像, mokuzō yakushi nyorai zazō)[23][11] | —
|
Heian period, end of 8th century | Japanese Nutmeg-yew wood, single tree. Natural wood surface (素地, kiji). | Yakushi Nyorai. | Seated191.5 cm (75.4 in) | Hon-dō , Shin-Yakushi-ji, Nara, Nara |
Yakushi Nyorai (木造薬師如来立像, mokuzō yakushi nyorai ryūzō)[23][11] | —
|
Heian period, early 9th century | Japanese nutmeg wood, single tree. Natural wood surface (素地, kiji). | Yakushi Nyorai. | Standing164.8 cm (64.9 in) | Hon-dō , Gangō-ji (新薬師寺), Nara, Nara |
Priest Rōben (木造良弁僧正坐像, mokuzō rōben sōjō zazō)[23] | —
|
Heian period, end of 9th century | hinoki wood, single tree. | ColoredRōben. | Seated92.4 cm (36.4 in) | (開山堂, kaisan-dō), Tōdai-ji, Nara, Nara | Founder's Hall
Hayatama (木造熊野速玉大神坐像, mokuzō kumano hayatama ōkami zazō), Fusumi (木造夫須美大神坐像, mokuzō fusumi ōkami zazō), Ketsumiko (木造家津御子大神坐像, mokuzō ketsumiko ōkami zazō), Kunitokotachi (木造国常立命坐像, mokuzō kunitokotachi no mikoto zazō)[23] | —
|
Heian period | earlyColored wood. | Shintō gods: Hayatama, Fusumi, Ketsumiko, Kunitokotachi | Four seated101.2 cm (39.8 in) (Hayatama), 98.5 cm (38.8 in) (Fusumi), 81.2 cm (32.0 in) (Ketsumiko), 80.3 cm (31.6 in) (Kunitokotachi) | Kumano Hayatama Taisha, Shingū, Wakayama |
Miniature Buddhist shrine (木造諸尊仏龕, mokuzō shoson butsugan)[23] | Brought back from China by Kūkai. | Tang Dynasty, 8th century | Sandalwood. Natural wood surface (素地,, kiji). | various Buddhist images | 23.1 cm (9.1 in) | (霊宝館, reihōkan), Kongōbu-ji, Kōya, Wakayama | Treasure Hall
Thousand-armed Kannon (木造千手観音立像, mokuzō senjū kannon ryūzō) and two Bodhisattvas (木造菩薩立像, mokuzō bosatsu ryūzō)[11][23] | Unusual combination of deities in this triad. | Heian period, second half of 9th century | shippaku (漆箔)). | Wood, single tree. Gold leaf over lacquer (Thousand-armed Kannon and two standing Bodhisattvas, believed to be Nikkō Bosatsu and Gakkō Bosatsu (Bodhisattvas of sun and moon light) | Standing294.2 cm (115.8 in) (Kannon), 241.5 cm (95.1 in) (Nikkō), 242.4 cm (95.4 in) (Gakkō) | Hōbutsuden (宝佛殿), Dōjō-ji (道成寺), Hidakagawa, Wakayama |
Eight Attendants of Fudō Myōō (木造八大童子立像, mokuzō hachidai dōji ryūzō)[11][23][12] | Only six of the eight statues date to the Kamakura period and are National Treasures. The remaining two (Anokuda (阿耨達), Shitoku (指徳)) were produced in the 14th century and are not included in this nomination. By Unkei. Formerly enshrined in the Fudō-dō (不動堂). | Kamakura period, 1197 | hinoki wood. Crystal eyes. | ColoredEight Attendants of Fudō Myōō: Ekō (慧光), Eki (慧喜), Ukubaga (烏倶婆誐), Shōjō Biku (清浄比丘), Kongara (矜羯羅), Seitaka (制多迦) | Six of the96.6 cm (38.0 in) (Ekō), 98.8 cm (38.9 in) (Eki), 95.1 cm (37.4 in) (Ukubaga), 97.1 cm (38.2 in) (Shōjō), 95.6 cm (37.6 in) (Kongara), 103.0 cm (40.6 in) (Seitaka) | (霊宝館, reihōkan), Kongōbu-ji, Kōya, Wakayama | Treasure Hall
Miroku Bosatsu (木造弥勒仏坐像, mokuzō miroku butsu zazō)[23] | —
|
Heian period, 892 | hinoki wood, single tree | ColoredMiroku Bosatsu. | Seated91.0 cm (35.8 in) | Jison-in, Kudoyama, Wakayama |
Usuki Stone Buddhas (臼杵磨崖仏, Usuki magaibutsu)[23][31] | —
|
Heian period–early Kamakura period | lateColored stone. | (古園石仏, furuzono sekibutsu): 13 statues; (ii) Sannō group (山王山石仏, sannōzan sekibutsu): 3 statues; (iii) Hoki group (ホキ石仏, hoki sekibutsu), 1st cave: 25 statues (iv) Hoki group, 2nd cave: 18 statues. | 59 statues in total in four groups. (i) Furuzono group26.8–280.0 cm (10.6–110.2 in) | Usuki, Ōita |
See also
[edit]- see the List of National Treasures of Japan for lists of other National Treasures of Japan
- Japanese sculpture
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b The Usuki Stone Buddhas date to the late Heian, early Kamakura period and are therefore counted double in this table.
- ^ The temple uses a different association of statues with names of the generals than the national treasure nomination. Here the temple scheme is used.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Schumacher, Mark (2009). "Buddhist sculpture in Asuka and Hakuho era". Japanese Buddhist Statuary. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
- ^ "Other Buddhist images of the Asuka period". Asuka Historical Museum. 1995. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
- ^ Schumacher, Mark (2009). "Buddhist sculpture in Hakuho era". Japanese Buddhist Statuary. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
- ^ a b Schumacher, Mark (2009). "Buddhist sculpture in Nara era". Japanese Buddhist Statuary. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
- ^ Schumacher, Mark (2009). "Buddhist sculpture in Heian era". Japanese Buddhist Statuary. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
- ^ F. Moran, Sherwood (1972). "Early Heian Sculpture at Its Best: Three Outstanding Examples". Artibus Asiae. 34 (2/3): 119–161. doi:10.2307/3249644. JSTOR 3249644. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
- ^ Schumacher, Mark (2009). "Buddhist sculpture in Kamakura era". Japanese Buddhist Statuary. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
- ^ Coaldrake, William Howard (2002) [1996]. Architecture and authority in Japan. London, New York: Routledge. p. 248. ISBN 0-415-05754-X.
- ^ a b "Cultural Properties for Future Generations" (PDF). Tokyo, Japan: Agency for Cultural Affairs, Cultural Properties Department. June 2007. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ a b c The Agency for Cultural Affairs (2008-11-01). "国指定文化財 データベース". Database of National Cultural Properties (in Japanese). Retrieved 2009-04-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn Kouzou Ogawa (2009-02-05). 仏像. 山溪カラー名鑑 (in Japanese) (2nd ed.). 1-19-13 Akasaka Minato-ku Tokyo Japan: YAMA-KEI. ISBN 978-4-635-09031-5.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Mary Neighbour Parent (2001). "JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System". Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology (online ed.). Retrieved 2009-04-20.
- ^ Ogawa 2009
- ^ a b "nyoirinkannon". JAANUS. 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-19.
- ^ a b c Yakushi-ji. Yakushi-ji.
{{cite book}}
:|format=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ Schumacher, Mark (2009). "Birushana Buddha". Japanese Buddhist Statuary. Retrieved 2009-09-19.
- ^ Schumacher, Mark (2009). "Bosatsu on clouds". Japanese Buddhist Statuary. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
- ^ a b c d e f Kofuku-ji. Kofuku-ji.
{{cite book}}
:|format=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ a b Schumacher, Mark (2009). "Ishidoro". Japanese Buddhist Statuary. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
- ^ "Konjikido-donai-shozo-and-Tengai". Iwate no bunko. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
- ^ "Yakushi Nyorai". Yugawa Village. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ a b c "国宝を訪ねては,国宝建造物(建築物)と国宝仏(仏像)を紹介するサイトです。" (in Japanese). 2009-05-14. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax "仏教索引" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2009-06-14.
- ^ "三井寺>名宝の紹介>秘仏>新羅明神坐像". Mii-dera (in Japanese). 2002. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ "三井寺>名宝の紹介>秘仏>智証大師坐像(御骨大師)". Mii-dera (in Japanese). 2002. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ "三井寺>名宝の紹介>秘仏>智証大師坐像(中尊大師)". Mii-dera (in Japanese). 2002. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ Christine Guth Kanda (1985). Shinzō. Harvard Univ Asia Center. p. 51. ISBN 0674806506. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
- ^ "仏像紹介". Gantoku-ji (in Japanese). Retrieved 2009-06-13.
- ^ Christine Guth Kanda (1985). Shinzō. Harvard Univ Asia Center. pp. 81–85. ISBN 0674806506. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
- ^ "木造法相六祖坐像(もくぞうほつそうろくそざぞう)". Kofuku-ji (in Japanese). Retrieved 2009-06-16.
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: Text "「国宝」「重要文化財」" ignored (help); Text "文化財" ignored (help); Text "法相宗大本山 興福寺" ignored (help) - ^ James M. Goodwin. "The Usuki Site". Retrieved 2009-06-16.
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- Kouzou Ogawa (2009-02-05). 仏像. 山溪カラー名鑑 (in Japanese) (2nd ed.). 1-19-13 Akasaka Minato-ku Tokyo Japan: YAMA-KEI. ISBN 978-4-635-09031-5.
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