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Ballers1919/Primary elections of the Unitary Platform of 2023
22 de octubre de 2023
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Candidate Tamara Adrián Andrés Caleca
  File:Archivo:Maria Corina Machado.jpg
Candidate Henrique Capriles César Almeida María Corina Machado
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Candidate Roberto Enríquez
Party UPD
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The 2023 Democratic Unitary Platform primary elections will be held on October 22, 2023, to choose the coalition's presidential candidate in the following year's elections. The first official announcement of the primaries was made on May 16, 2022 by the opposition coalition, setting 2023 as the year of holding these elections. The primaries will be organized by the National Primary Commission, without the assistance of the National Electoral Council, and with the use of manual voting.[1]

Convocation

[edit]

According to Voice of America, on May 12, 2022, negotiations were taking place through work sessions between the main opposition forces in view of the presidential elections and eventual primaries, which were being held in Panama.[2][3][4] After these conversations, on May 16, 2022, in a statement issued through the National Communication Center of opposition leader Juan Guaidó, the Unitary Platform announced that it will hold primary elections in 2023 to choose the candidate who will compete in the 2024 presidential elections.[5][6] In the same way, the coalition announced its «re-foundation», creating municipal, regional and international chapters of it.[5]

The coalition, made up of the 4 most important opposition parties, the "G4" -Primero Justicia, Un Nuevo Tiempo, Acción Democrática and Voluntad Popular-, and 30 organizations and political movements, also selected the former president of Parliament Omar Barboza as executive secretary of the organization, who will be in charge of coordinating the primary process and "helping to the harmonious development of the debate and strengthening the unit."[2][5][7][8] El País referred to Barboza as "a moderate line operator known for his capacity for negotiation and internal articulation".[9] David Uzcátegui, leader of Fuerza Vecinal, a party that is not a member of the organization, criticized the call and stated "the Unitary Platform has underestimated alternative forces.",[9] while Vente Venezuela, led by María Corina Machado, communicated a series of conditions for the party to participate in the opposition consultation, asking that they be done before 2023.[10][11]

Despite the fact that they will be held in 2023, a date had not been set, nor has a primary regulation been published.[7] The debate has also arisen within the opposition on whether the primaries should be carried out through the National Electoral Council, or through the means that the same coalition may have.[12]

On June 28, 2022, the executive secretary of the organization, Omar Barboza, confirmed that the primaries would be in 2023, and that they would be led by a National Electoral Commission made up of "honorable people who transmit credibility", a commission that will be established by consensus within of the organization.[13] On the specific date, Barboza commented only that it would be defined "before the end of this year."[14] Barboza specified that for a party, political organization or candidate to participate in the primaries, it must not be part of the Unitary Platform.[14][15]

Organization

[edit]

Rules of the primaries

[edit]

On October 19, 2022, the Unitary Platform published the so-called national primary regulations, which establishes the technical guidelines through which the internal opposition process will be carried out.[16][17][18] The regulation, made up of 55 articles, regulates the principles, organization and technical procedure that will be executed by the National Primary Commission, to carry out the same.[16] Said document will promote the way in which Venezuelans abroad can vote; the requirements to present a presidential candidacy and the procedure to give way to the formation of electoral boards and polling stations.[16]

The regulation expresses that only the presidential standard-bearer of the coalition will be chosen in the primaries.[17] It will be through universal, direct and secret voting, and Venezuelans registered with the electoral registry will participate.[17] As a requirement to run as a pre-candidate, in addition to those established by article 227 of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, the regulation establishes that candidates must have "demonstrated an unequivocal commitment to the fight for freedom, the rescue of democracy , respect for human rights, the freedom of political prisoners and the return of exiles and sign a declaration of democratic principles that will be presented by the CP (National Primary Commission)”.[17][19][20]

It is also ordered that the pre-candidates must subscribe to a "minimum government" program, developed in conjunction with other political, social and economic sectors of the country, as well as respect the electoral result.[17]

National Primary Commission

[edit]

On November 9, 2022, the Democratic Unitary Platform published the list of members of the National Primary Commission, agreed upon by members of the coalition's political forces.[21][22][23]

Member Profile Status
Jesús María Casal (President) Constitutional lawyer Principal
Rafael Arráiz Lucca Historian (resigned 06/16/2023) Alternate
María Carolina Uzcátegui Ex president of Consecomercio Principal
Mildred Camero Ex president of the National Commission Against the Illicit Use of Drugs Alternate
Corina Yoris University professor Principal
Guillermo Tell Aveledo Political scientist Alternate
Carmen Martínez de Grijalba Retired ambassador Principal
Víctor Márquez President of the Association of Professors of the Central University of Venezuela Alternate
Ismael Pérez Vigil Political scientist Principal
Roberto Abdul President of Súmate Alternate
  • Resignation of Rafael Arraiz[24]

Schedule

[edit]

On December 13, 2022, Jesús María Casal, president of the National Commission for Primary Education, stated that June 25, 2023 had been set as a tentative, unofficial date, as the day of the primary election, and said that since the CP was working to achieve this.[25]However, on February 15, 2023, the National Primary Commission held an event where it made public the electoral schedule, in which October 22 was set as the official date of the election.[26][27][28][29]On April 21, 2023, the National Primary Commission, through a statement, announces the postponement of the process of the publication of regulations and instructions from April 24, 2023 to May 7, 2023, "The National Primary Commission (CNP) has not completed the consultations on some of the regulations related to the primary election," the statement said.[6][10]

N.º Activities Dates Status
Start Final
1 Appointment and swearing in of regional boards February 28, 2023 March 19, 2023 Finished
2 Invitation to national and international observers March 27, April 21, 2023 Finished
3 Publication of regulations and instructions May 7, 2023 Finished
4 Preliminary registration of candidates May 8, 2023 May 23, 2023 Finished
5 Registration of candidates June 5, 2023 June 24, 2023 Finished
6 Candidate Debate July 12, 2023 Pending
7 Publication of the final Electoral Registry July 24, 2023 Pending
8 Electoral Campaign August 22, 2023 October 20, 2023 Pending
9 Election Day October 22, 2023 / 6:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Pending

Joint Technical Commission

[edit]

On March 8, the Joint Technical Commission was installed between the National Commission for primaries and the National Electoral Council. It is made up of the members of the National Primary Commission: Jesús María Casal, Ismael Pérez Vigil and Roberto Abdul. While the electoral technicians are: Francisco Castro and Miguel Cañas. This commission was coordinated in the meetings of the Unitary Platform in November 2022, it will present two proposals to the citizens and the competent bodies: 1) “A plan for the incorporation of the electoral processes of Venezuelans who are abroad” and 2) “The possibility of a registry, whose scope and characteristics have not been defined, for the participation of Venezuelans who are abroad in the primary”.[30]

Participation of the National Electoral Council

[edit]

On April 18, the National Electoral Council clarified that the use of fingerprint scanners in the primary elections organized by the opposition is necessary in the process,[31] while pre-candidates such as María Corina Machado, Andrés Velásquez and César Pérez Vivas have pressed to keep the electoral body out of the election process, alleging the impartiality of the body.[32][33] El CNE indicó en la Comisión Técnica Conjunta que era imposible cumplir con los requerimientos de las primarias, si las mismas no se hacían con los procedimientos habituales, es decir, captahuellas, votación automatizada y Plan República.[34]

Soon after the candidate registration period began, on June 15, 2023, eight rectors, including principals and alternates, of the National Electoral Council resigned from their positions, and the National Assembly began the process of selecting and appointing new rectors.[35][36]In view of this, Jesús María Casal, president of the Primary Commission, announced that due to the lack of response to the various letters sent to the CNE to coordinate technical assistance, and also the resignation of its rectors, the primary election will be carried out self-managed , with manual voting, and without using educational facilities of voting centers.[37][38]

Cities Abroad

[edit]

81 cities in 31 countries have been chosen for residents abroad. The United States, with 15 cities, is the country with the most locations, Colombia, with 10 cities, follows it on the list of sites where centers will be set up. Spain also stands out, with 8; Brazil, with 5; Italy and Chile, with 4; Mexico, Portugal, Peru and Canada, with 3 each; Argentina and Ecuador, with 2. (Trujillo was added in Peru)[39]

  • Argentina, Buenos Aires
  • Argentina, Cordoba,
  • Aruba, Oranjestad
  • Australia, Sydney
  • Belgium, Brussels
  • Bolivia, La Paz
  • Brazil, Boa Vista
  • Brazil, Manaus
  • Brazil, Sao Paulo
  • Brazil, Pacaraima
  • Brazil, Curitiba
  • Canada, Montreal
  • Canada, Toronto
  • Canada, Calgary
  • Chile, Santiago
  • Chile, Valparaiso
  • Chile, Iquique
  • Chile, Concepcion
  • Colombia, Barranquilla
  • Colombia Bogota
  • Colombia, Bucaramanga
  • Colombia, Cartagena
  • Colombia, Cucuta
  • Colombia, Medellin
  • Colombia, Cali
  • Colombia, Ipiales
  • Colombia, Riohacha
  • Colombia, Santa Marta
  • Costa Rica, San Jose
  • Curacao, Willemstad
  • Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo
  • Ecuador, Guayaquil
  • Ecuador, Quito
  • France, Paris
  • Guatemala, Guatemala City
  • Great Britain, London
  • Ireland, Dublin
  • Israel, Tel Aviv
  • Italy, Milan
  • Italy, Naples
  • Italy rome
  • Italy, Palermo
  • Mexico, Mexico City
  • Mexico, Monterrey
  • Mexico, Guadalajara
  • Norway, Oslo
  • Panama, Panama
  • Paraguay, Asuncion
  • Peru, Lima
  • Peru, Arequipa
  • Peru, Trujillo
  • Portugal, Funchal
  • Portugal Lisbon
  • Portugal, Porto
  • Spain, Barcelona
  • Spain, Bilbao
  • Spain madrid
  • Spain, Tenerife
  • Spain, Vigo
  • Spain, Valencia
  • Spain, Malaga
  • Spain, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
  • Switzerland, Bern
  • Trinidad and Tobago, Port of Spain
  • Uruguay, Montevideo
  • United States, Atlanta
  • United States, Boston
  • United States, Chicago
  • United States, Houston
  • United States, Dallas Fort Worth
  • United States, Miami
  • United States, Orlando
  • United States, Tampa
  • United States, New York and New Jersey
  • United States, Puerto Rico
  • United States, San Francisco
  • United States, Los Angeles
  • United States, Salt Lake City
  • United States, Seattle
  • United States, Washington

Irregularities

[edit]

In December 2022, after accepting points discussed in the Mexico Dialogue, Nicolás Maduro lashed out at the Unitary Platform, accusing him of being coup plotters, kidnappers, interventionists, progringos, and terrorists. "They tried to assassinate me on several occasions." In addition to confessing that without the removal of sanctions there will be no free elections.[40]

Application for Amparo Before the TSJ

[edit]

On May 30, the government tried to infiltrate and sabotage internal opposition elections through the chavismo dissident group "Partido Acción Nacional Venezuela" PAN by introducing a "constitutional protection" in the Supreme Court of Justice (TSJ). Luis Alejandro Ratti who presents himself on social networks as a dissident of Chavismo, general secretary of the Venezuela National Action Party (PAN Venezuela), preacher and lecturer, who were part of the Hugo Chávez National Bolivarian Front, which he headed in 2016. The president of The National Primary Commission (CP), Jesús María Casal, affirmed that Luis Ratti can come to collect his requirements to apply. He pointed out that as a Commission they have made an effort to make an "open, inclusive" project[41][42]

Aggressions towards pre-candidates

[edit]

A group of women identified with the ruling party insulted and physically attacked candidate Henrique Capriles during a walk in Santa Inés in the Rafael Urdaneta parish, in Carabobo state in an attempt to sabotage his campaign.[43][44] His campaign has been constantly attacked in a sarcastic tone by Diosdado Cabello[45] On May 18, the first vice president of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), Diosdado Cabello, asserted that Primero Justicia proposed returning control of Citgo to the Nicolás Maduro regime in exchange for Capriles being authorized to participate in the elections of 2024.

"Diosdado Cabello has a personal fixation with me, he is a very dark character, and he pays for all his frustrations with the democratic opposition that wants changes in the country. That is every week. Of course, but when you see that some respectable people, They echo what Diosdado Cabello says, listen, you have to set an alarm and not stay silent, and not let the lie spread," Capriles said.[46]

In Tinaquillo, Cojedes state, a group of pro-government women tried to attack the candidate for Vente Venezuela in the primary elections, María Corina Machado. But the attackers did not achieve her mission due to the protection offered by her supporters and custodians.[47]Criminal lawyer and human rights specialist Tamara Sujú denounced that political prisoners for the Gedeon operation are extorted to incriminate María Corina Machado in an alleged insurrection.[48]

Resignation of official rectors

[edit]

The surprise resignation of two main rectors Pedro Calzadilla and Alexis Corredor; and six substitutes Carlos Quintero, Gustavo Vizcaíno, Saúl Bernal, Leonel Párica, Rafael Chacón and Francisco Garcés from the CNE, which had been working with four main rectors, motivated by the resignation in April 2022 of Tania Díaz. Parliament issued a bulletin that will convene a Nominations Committee for new appointments that will take at least three months to select. The rectors' resignation occurs almost four months after the Venezuelan opposition holds a primary election to define the presidential candidate. Rectors Roberto Picón and Enrique Márquez, main rectors considered to be in the opposition and their substitutes, did not resign their positions.[49][50] The resignation comes just two weeks after the Venezuelan opposition electoral commission expressed its intention to request technical assistance from the CNE for its primary process. In the voice of the deputy Francisco Ameliach in the National Assembly, it was discussed that all the rectors should resign, however the National Commission of Primaries decided to continue its program without the technical support of the CNE.[51][52]

On June 23, the NGO Human Rights Watch (HRW) warned of the risk posed to the holding of free and fair presidential elections scheduled for 2024 after wanting to replace the fifteen main members of the CNE in the National Assembly after the resignation of eight of its members.[53]

Attempts to disable candidates

[edit]

On June 24, 2023, 28 former presidents denounced that Maduro wants to block the primaries.[54]During the period of the last week of June for claims against registered candidates, the scorpion deputy José Brito introduces a request to the Comptroller General of the Republic to report on the political status of María Corina Machado,[55] that the Comptroller General of the Republic responds in a five-page circular without legal support that disqualified María Corina Machado from holding public office for 15 years, counted from 2015 and that it was not signed by the comptroller Elvis Amoroso.[56][57]

The Unitaria platform unanimously rejected the disqualification of María Corina Machado, ratified its commitment to the "construction of unity" and to continue with the process of primary elections.[58] The united primary candidates also rejected the decision made against María Corina Machado.[59]

"From the Democratic Unitary Platform, unanimously, we reject the unconstitutional disqualification against disqualification against Maria Corina Machado @MariaCorinaYA, which is a clear violation of the political rights of Venezuelans".

According to a report by Juan José Caldera in 2007, political disqualification is necessarily linked in its application to a principal sentence of imprisonment or imprisonment.[60] The administrative disqualification according to article 105 of the Organic Law of the Comptroller General of the Republic and the National Fiscal Control System, applies to public officials sanctioned in the exercise of their duties without pay for a period not exceeding twenty-four ( 24) months or the dismissal of the person declared responsible, whose execution will be in charge of the highest authority; and impose, based on the seriousness of the irregularity committed, their disqualification from the exercise of public functions for up to a maximum of fifteen (15) years. which was not the case of María Corina Machado when she was removed from office in 2014.[61]

Candidates

[edit]
Partido y/o Coalición Candidato Cargos públicos Ref.
United for Dignity

Motto: With everyone and for everyone 		Tamara Adrián

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Lawyer
  • Member of the National Assembly (2016-2021)
 [62][63][64]
Popular Political Unity 89

Motto: All for Venezuela, for Venezuela Everything!
César Almeida

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Informative Engineer 		[65][66]
Movement for Venezuela

Motto: Venezuela needs more 		<b id="mwAig">Andrés Caleca</b>

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Economist
  • Rector of the National Electoral Council (1998-1999)
  • President of the National Electoral Council (1999)
 [67][68][69]
Justice First

Motto: Let's go forward 		Henrique Capriles

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Lawyer
  • Deputy to the National Congress (1999)
  • President of the Chamber of Deputies (1999)
  • Mayor of the Baruta municipality (2000-2008)
  • Governor of Miranda (2008-2017)
 [70][71]
COPEI de jure

Motto: Shake them off! 		Roberto Enríquez

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Political Scientist
  • Alternate Deputy to the National Assembly (2011-2016<meta />)
 [72][73][74]
Independent Progressive Meridans
Luis Farías

Veterinary medic 		[75]
A New Time
José Hernández
  • Alternate Deputy to the National Assembly (2011-2016)
 [76][77]
Come Venezuela

Motto: To the end! 		María Corina Machado

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Industrial engineer
  • Member of the National Assembly (2011-2014)
 [78][79]
Citizen Concertation

Motto: Citizens to Miraflores! 		César Pérez Vivas

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Lawyer
  • Deputy to the National Congress (1989-1999)
  • Member of the National Assembly (2000-2006)
  • Governor of Tachira (2008-2012)
 [80][81][82]
For you Venezuela
Gloria Pinho

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Lawyer 		[83]
Democratic Actionde jure

Motto: Prosperity 		Carlos Prosperi

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Lawyer
  • Alternate Deputy to the National Assembly (2011-2016)
  • Member of the National Assembly (2016-2021)
 [84][85][86]
Citizen Meeting

Motto: United We are better

File:Delsa Solórzano 3.tiff Delsa Solórzano

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Lawyer
  • Deputy to the Latin American Parliament (2011-2016)
  • Member of the National Assembly (2016-2021)
 [87][88][89]
Popular Will

Liberal StrengthRed Flag


Motto: Venezuela Can

Freddy Superlano

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Basic Education and Systems Engineer
  • Deputy to the National Assembly (2016-2021)
  • Governor of Barinas (11/21/2023), was stripped of his position after winning the elections
 [90][91][92]
The Radical Cause

Motto: For a decent Venezuela
Andrés Velásquez

(Error: Need valid year, month, day)

Electrical technician
  • Governor of Bolivar (1990-1996)
  • Member of the National Assembly (2000-2006; 2011-2016)
 [93][94][95]

Withdrawn candidates

[edit]
  • Juan Pablo Guanipa (Justice First): First Vice President of the National Assembly (2020-2021), elected governor of Zulia in 2017, deputy to the National Assembly for the State Zulia (2016-2021), councilor of the Maracaibo municipality (2005-2013 ), Deputy Alternate to the National Assembly for the State Zulia (2001-2006) and deputy to the Legislative Assembly of the Zulia State for Maracaibo (1993-1996).[3][4][96]
  • Carlos Ocariz (Justice First): Mayor of the Municipality Sucre (2008-2017) and Deputy To the National Assembly for the Miranda State (2001-2006).[8][97]
  • Juan Guaidó (Popular Will): President of Venezuela (2019-2023) President of the National Assembly (2019-2021), deputy to the National Assembly by constituency 1 of the Vargas State (2016-2021), substitute deputy to the National Assembly By the Vargas state (2011-2016).[91][98][99]
  • Benjamín Rausseo (Independent): Presidential candidate in 2006, and candidate for governor of the Anzoátegui state in 2008.[100][101]

Declined to be candidates

[edit]
  • Henri Falcón (future), governor of the state Lara (2008-2017), mayor of the Iribarren municipality (2000-2008) and Constituent (1999).[102][103][104]
  • Manuel Rosales (a new time): Governor of the State Zulia (2000-2008; since 2021), mayor of the Maracaibo municipality (1995-2000; 2008-2009), deputy to the Legislative Assembly of the State Zulia (1986-1995) and councilor of the municipality Colón (1979-1982).[102][105][106][107]

Polls

[edit]
Pollster Date Muestra María Corina Machado

Vente 		Manuel Rosales

UNT 		Benjamín Rauseo

Ind. 		Juan Guaidó

VP 		Freddy Superlano

VP 		Henrique Capriles

PJ 		J. Pablo Guanipa

PJ 		Carlos Ocariz

PJ 		Delsa Solórzano

EC 		Carlos Prosperi

AD 		César P.Vivas

CC 		Andrés Velázquez

LCR 		Henri Falcón

FUTURO 		Andrés Caleca

MPV 		Tamara Adrián

UPD 		Roberto Enríquez

COPEI 		OTHER UNDECIDED NONE/NOT VOTING
ORC Consultores[108][109] 11/08/22 1.109 24,6% 7,9% - 8,8% - 15,0% - - 1,2% 3,7% - - - - - - 1,2% 23,8% 3,6%
Cyber Data[110] [111] 01/28/23 1.000 12% 13% - 10% - 8% - - 4% 3% 6% 1% - - - - - 10% 27%
Datincorp[112][113] 02/05/23 677 24,96% 15,51% 16,54% 3,25% - 11,96% 2,81% - - - - - 2,07% - - - 2,95% 3,84% 12,26%
More Consulting[114] 02/07/23 - 36,8% 11,4% 13% 8,6% - 9,2% 2,5% - - 1,6% - 1% 4,1% - - - 4,4% 2,3% 5,1%
Polianalitica[115] 02/10/23 1.200 14% 12% 11% 7% - 9% 3% - - 3% 0,5% - - - - - 2% 4% 20%
Meganálisis[116] 02/16/23 1.023 16,7% 9,7% 7,1% 5,2% - 1,4% 2,3% 2,4% - - - - 0,9% - - - 0,6% 20,9% 32,8%
ORC Consultores[117] 02/17/23 1.162 29,3% 7,7% 25,3% 3,2% - 7,4% - 2,0% - 0,3% - - - - - - 0,6% 23,6% 0,5%
Juan Pablo Guanipa and Carlos Ocariz withdraw their candidacy on March 1, 2023, support for Capriles
Consultores 21[118] 03/09/23 1.500 19,8% 11,6% 14,8% 7,1% - 24,8% 3,8% 4,6% 2,6% 1,7% 1,4% - - - - - 2,1% 2,8% 2,5%
ORC Consultores[119] 03/24/23 1.105 40,0% 8,0% 23,3% 5,2% - 12,7% - 2,0% 0,6% 3,3% - 0,6% - - - - 1.4% 4,1% 0.8%
Meganalisis[120] 03/28/23 1.013 20,5% 9,1% 6,3% 4,9% - 5,5% - - 0,2% 0,1% - - 0,8% - - - 0,2% 21,6% 30,4%
Meganalisis[121] 04/27/23 - 22,1% 9,8% 5,9% 4,1% - 5,7% - - 0,6% 0,2% - - 1,1% - - - 0,8% 20,7% 28,7%
Popular Will official candidate on May 5, 2023, Retiro de Guaidó and enters Superlano
Meganalisis[122] 05/31/23 1.029 24,2% 10,1% 5,1% 1,9% - 6,1% - - 1,5% 1,1% - - - - - - 0,7% 21% 25,7%
Hinterlaces[123] 06/08/23 1.200 49% 9% 25% - - 8% - - - - - - - - - - - 1% 8%
Poder y Estrategia[124] 06/12/23 800 57% 10% 19% - 5% 7% - - - 2% - - - - - - - - -
Cyber Data[125] 06/20/23 1127 15,4% 11,2% 7,4% - 8,2% 11,7% - - 3,7% 4,5% 8,7% - - - - - - 1% 28%
Benjamín Rausseo announces withdrawal from the electoral contest on June 22, 2023.
Meganalisis 06/30/23 1.011 35.1% - - - 1.9% 7.3% - - 4,7% 3.1% 3.5% 4.2% - - - 2.1% 1.6% 16.6% 19.9%

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Primaria opositora se hará sin CNE y con voto manual – bancaynegocios.com". Banca y Negocios (in European Spanish). 2023-06-16. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  2. ^ a b "Oposición venezolana anuncia primarias "plurales" para escoger en 2023 a su candidato presidencial". Voz de América (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  3. ^ a b "La oposición venezolana reimpulsa su plataforma desde Panamá de cara a las elecciones de 2024". Voz de América (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  4. ^ a b Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (2022-05-12). "Venezuela: lo que discutió la oposición en 'debate secreto' en Panamá". El Tiempo (in español). Retrieved 2022-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ a b c "Comunicado de la Plataforma Unitaria sobre las últimas decisiones para avanzar en el cambio político y detener el sufrimiento". Presidencia Venezuela (in Spanish). 2022-05-16. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  6. ^ a b Nacional, El (2022-05-16). "Plataforma Unitaria acuerda realizar primarias en 2023". EL NACIONAL (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  7. ^ a b Línea, Bloomberg (2022-05-16). "Oposición venezolana anuncia primarias presidenciales para 2023 y nuevo secretario". Bloomberg Línea (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  8. ^ a b de 2022, 16 de Mayo. "La oposición venezolana realizará primarias en 2023 para elegir un candidato presidencial". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2022-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ a b Moleiro, Alonso (2022-05-17). "La oposición venezolana se reorganiza y anuncia primarias para escoger nuevo líder". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  10. ^ a b "La condición de Vente Venezuela para participar en las primarias". puntodecorte.net (in Spanish). 2022-05-18. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  11. ^ "Vente Venezuela está de acuerdo con las primarias pero pone condiciones para participar". TalCual (in Spanish). 2022-05-18. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  12. ^ Línea, Bloomberg (2022-04-05). "Oposición venezolana en desacuerdo sobre 6 puntos rumbo a las primarias". Bloomberg Línea (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  13. ^ S, Georgette (2022-06-28). "La Plataforma Unitaria irá a elecciones primarias para escoger a su candidato presidencial en 2023". El Diario | eldiario.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  14. ^ a b "Plataforma Unitaria ofreció detalles sobre las elecciones primarias que se realizarán en 2023". Presidencia Venezuela (in Spanish). 2022-06-28. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  15. ^ "Plataforma unitaria democrática de Venezuela 2022". primariaunidad2023.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-07-07.
  16. ^ a b c TalCual (2022-10-19). "Listo el reglamento, a la Comisión de Primarias le tocará desatar nudos opositores". TalCual (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  17. ^ a b c d e Martínez, Deisy (2022-10-20). "Conoce las claves del reglamento de primarias de la oposición". Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  18. ^ "Reglamento de primaria opositora arroja dudas sobre voto de miles de venezolanos en el extranjero". Voz de América (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  19. ^ Antolínez @hectorantolinez, Héctor (2022-10-19). "Reglamento de primarias publicado por la Plataforma Unitaria está lleno de ambigüedades y discrecionalidad". Crónica Uno (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  20. ^ UCAB, PolitiKa (2022-10-10). "La Plataforma Unitaria aprobó el reglamento de las primarias". PolítiKa UCAB (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  21. ^ Martínez, Deisy (2022-11-10). "Estos son los miembros de la Comisión Nacional de Primaria de la oposición". Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  22. ^ Nacional, El (2022-11-09). "Plataforma Unitaria presentó a los miembros de la Comisión Nacional de Primaria". EL NACIONAL (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-11-14.
  23. ^ Nederr, Sofía (2022-11-09). "Lista Comisión de Primarias que dará aval para postularse". TalCual (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-11-14.
  24. ^ "Rafael Arraiz Lucca renunció a la Comisión Nacional de Primaria". El Nacional. 16 de junio de 2023. tomó la decisión tras considerar que no es posible realizar las primarias sin la participación del Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE), cuyos miembros serán designados por la Asamblea Nacional {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ de 2022, 13 de Diciembre. "La oposición venezolana estudia celebrar primarias en junio con vista a las elecciones presidenciales de 2024". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2022-12-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Leon | @ibisL, Ibis (2023-02-15). "Primarias opositoras serán el 22 de octubre de 2023". Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  27. ^ Nederr, Sofía (2023-02-15). "Oposición define fecha: Las primarias serán el 22 de octubre". TalCual (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  28. ^ Press, Europa (2023-02-15). "La oposición venezolana convoca el 22 de octubre las primarias para elegir a un candidato electoral único". www.europapress.es. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  29. ^ F, Jordan (2023-02-15). "Las primarias de la oposición serán el 22 de octubre". El Diario | eldiario.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  30. ^ Contreras, Nurelyin (2023-03-08). "Comisión Nacional de Primaria y CNE instalaron la Comisión Técnica Conjunta de cara a la elección del candidato único opositor el 22 de octubre". HispanoPost (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  31. ^ "Venezuela descarta eliminar "captahuellas en primarias"". diariolasamericas.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  32. ^ "María Corina: «Primarias con captahuellas en vez de unir, dividen»" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  33. ^ TalCual (2023-06-04). "Andrés Velásquez: "Asistencia del CNE podría disminuir la participación en las primarias"". TalCual (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  34. ^ TalCual (2023-04-18). "CNE advierte que sin captahuellas no hay apoyo para primarias de la Plataforma Unitaria". TalCual (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  35. ^ "Venezuela: Ocho rectores del CNE que renunciaron permanecerán en sus cargos hasta sus reemplazos". Voz de América (in Spanish). 2023-06-15. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  36. ^ "Rectores del CNE de Venezuela renuncian a sus cargos". www.telesurtv.net (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  37. ^ Nederr, Sofía (2023-06-16). "Comisión anuncia que primarias de octubre serán autogestionadas y con voto manual". TalCual (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  38. ^ Barney, Luis Ernesto Quintana (2023-06-17). "La oposición venezolana "autogestionará" sus primarias tras la remoción de autoridades del Consejo Nacional Electoral". CNN (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  39. ^ "Venezolanos podrán votar en 80 ciudades de 31 países en la primaria opositora". Voz de América. 27 de mayo de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ "Maduro al contraataque: sólo habrá "elecciones libres" sin sanciones". El Mundo. 1 de diciembre de 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)« Maduro: sólo habrá "elecciones libres" cuando EE UU y la Unión Europea hayan levantado todas las sanciones. La Plataforma Unitaria ha explicado al país que los 3.000 millones de dólares que las agencias de Naciones Unidas van a invertir en sanidad, educación y servicios públicos son parte de los fondos congelados en el extranjero  »
  41. ^ "Introducen "amparo constitucional" contra la Comisión de Primaria en el TSJ". Efecto Cocuyo. 30 de mayo de 2023. La Plataforma Unitaria, coalición de partidos de oposición, alertó horas antes que el gobierno de Nicolás Maduro "usaría" al político para interponer un recurso contra la elección primaria ante el TSJ. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ "Casal asegura que no ha habido exclusión contra Luis Ratti de las primarias". Diario El regional del Zulia. 31 de mayo de 2023. El abogado dijo que la demanda de Ratti ante el TSJ se hizo en «términos muy confusos porque no entendemos a que se refiere con falta de transparencia contra algunos candidatos. Eso no se corresponde con el trabajo que llevamos adelante». {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  43. ^ "El antichavista Henrique Capriles es agredido durante visita en el centro de Venezuela". Swissinfo. 3 dejunio de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  44. ^ "Grupos chavistas atacaron al líder opositor Henrique Capriles durante una visita al interior de Venezuela". Infobae. 3 de junio de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. ^ "Cabello: No sé por qué Capriles es candidato a las primarias si está inhabilitado". Tal Cual. 1 de marzo de 2023. Para el dirigente oficialista «los mismos que llamaron a la violencia y a la abstención» ahora llaman a votar. Hizo referencia a la «designación» de Henrique Capriles como el abanderado de PJ en el proceso y recordó que la Contraloría los inhabilitó para cargos de elección popular por 15 años {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. ^ "Henrique Capriles desmiente a Cabello sobre canje de Citgo". Diario Las Américas.
  47. ^ "[VIDEO] Oficialistas intentaron agredir a María Corina Machado en Tinaquillo, Cojedes". El Nacional. 15 de junio de 2023. «Por órdenes directas del corrupto y mafioso Diosdado Cabello, impartidas públicamente en VTV, hordas violentas pagadas por el PSUV, atacan a María Corina en Cojedes. Condenamos y repudiamos estas acciones criminales de la tiranía», escribió Velásquez desde su cuenta. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  48. ^ "AlbertoRodNews on Twitter: "Denuncian que presos políticos son extorsionados para incriminar a María Corina Machado"". AlbertoNews. 15 de junio. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  49. ^ "Renuncia de rectores chavistas del CNE pone alto a apoyo técnico de la primaria". Crónica Uno. 14 de junio de 2023. se trata de algo exclusivo "de los rectores ligados al chavismo". Es decir, presuntamente, del presidente Pedro Calzadilla y del rector Alexis Corredor. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ "Estos son los rectores que renunciaron al CNE". Efecto Cocuyo. 15 de junio de 2023. La Asamblea Nacional de mayoría chavista discutió la renuncia de los rectores principales y suplentes del Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE), una noticia que tomó por sorpresa al país al darse a conocer la noche del miércoles el orden del día de la sesión prevista para este jueves 14 de junio. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  51. ^ "Nueva jugada de la dictadura: el Parlamento controlado por Nicolás Maduro notificó la renuncia de los rectores principales del CNE". Infobae. Según el orden del día publicado en redes sociales, el ente legislativo aceptará la dimisión de los funcionarios del organismo electoral y se iniciará la designación de la Comisión Preliminar del Comité de Postulaciones
  52. ^ "Diputado Francisco Ameliach pide revisión de todos los cargos rectores". Noticias 24. 16 de junio de 2023. "En vista de que los rectores presentaron su renuncia, es una falta absoluta y se debe activar todos los mecanismos para activarse el Comité de Postulaciones Electorales; y revisar a todos los rectores y nombrar uno nuevo"; pidió Ameliach. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  53. ^ "HRW advierte del aumento de las amenazas a unas elecciones "libres y justas" en Venezuela". Europapress. 23 de junio de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  54. ^ "Los 28 exjefes de Estado y de Gobierno participantes de la Iniciativa Democrática de España y las Américas (Idea) denunciaron a la administración de Nicolás Maduro por sus intentos de «frustrar el proceso de primarias»". Curadas. 24 de junio de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  55. ^ "Diputado Brito solicitó a la Contraloría información sobre estatus político de María Corina Machado". Correo del Orinoco. 26 de junio de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  56. ^ "Gobierno de Maduro inhabilitó a María Corina Machado por 15 años". El Nacional. 30 de junio de 2023. Retrieved 1 de julio de 2023. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  57. ^ "La dictadura de Maduro inhabilitó a María Corina Machado, candidata a la presidencia de Venezuela". Infobae. 30 de junio de 2023. La información la dio a conocer el diputado chavista José Brito en la sede de la Asamblea Nacional. Dijo que la dirigente no podrá ejercer cargos públicos al menos por 15 años {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  58. ^ "Plataforma Unitaria rechazó inhabilitación de María Corina Machado". Globovisión. 30 de junio de 2023. De manera unánime, rechazamos la inconstitucional inhabilitación en contra de María Corina Machado, lo cual es una clara violación a los derechos políticos de los venezolanos" {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  59. ^ "Qué dijeron los candidatos a primarias por inhabilitación a María Corina Machado". Efecto Cocuyo. 30 de junio de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  60. ^ "El sobreseimiento de Chávez" (pdf). Rafael Caldera. septiembre de 2007. Retrieved 26 de junio de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  61. ^ "Tribunal Supremo de Justicia se pronuncia sobre la pérdida de la Investidura de la diputada María Corina Machado". TSJ.com. 31 de marzo de 2014. Retrieved 13 de marzo de 2023. El fallo se sustenta en lo previsto en los artículos 191 y 197 del Texto Fundamental, los cuales señalan que los diputados o diputadas a la Asamblea Nacional no podrán aceptar o ejercer cargos públicos sin perder su investidura {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
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  83. ^ Zulia, El Regional del (2023-06-23). "Abogada Gloria Pinho se postuló a las primarias opositoras". El Regional Del Zulia (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-24.
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  87. ^ García, Yorvi (2023-01-27). "▷ Partido Encuentro Ciudadano aprueba candidatura de Delsa Solórzano a las primarias #27Ene". El Impulso (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-03-30.
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  97. ^ "Carlos Ocariz reconoce triunfo de Capriles en proceso interno de Primero Justicia". El Universal (in Spanish). 2023-01-03. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  98. ^ Rosas | @ronnyrodriguez, Ronny Rodríguez (2023-03-08). "Voluntad Popular anuncia que Juan Guaidó será su candidato a las primarias opositoras". Efecto Cocuyo. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
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[[Category:2023 in Venezuela]] [[Category:Primary elections]] [[Category:2024-related lists]]

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