User:BOUDIANA/sandbox
Below is text I will add to Trace Fossil wiki page within the "Ichnofacies" Section
Ichnofacies are assemblages of individual trace fossils that occur repeatedly in time and space.[1] The principle ichnofacies recognized in the literature are Skolithos, Cruziana, Zoophycos, Nereites, Glossifungites, Scoyenia, Trypanites, Teredolites, and Psilonichus. [1][2] These assemblages are not random. In fact, the assortment of fossils preserved are primarily constrained by the environmental conditions in which the trace-making organisms dwelt.[2] Water depth, salinity, hardness of the substrate, dissolved oxygen, and many other environmental conditions control which organisms can inhabit particular areas.[1] Therefore, by documenting and researching shifts in ichnofacies, scientists can interpret shifts in environment.[2] For example, ichnological studies have been utilized across mass extinction boundaries, such as the Creteaceous-Paleogene mass extinction, to aid in understanding environmental factors involved in mass extinction events. [3][4]
Text to add to Trace Fossil wiki page in the "Information provided by ichnofossils" section.
Trace fossils are important paleoecological and paleoenvironmental indicators, because they are preserved in situ, or in the life position of the organism that made them. [1]
Also added the word ethology to the introduction and linked to the wikipage ethology.
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- ^ a b c d Boggs, Jr., Sam (2006). Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy (PDF) (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. pp. 102–110. ISBN 9780131547285.
- ^ a b c MacEachern, James; Pemberon, S. George; Gingras, Murray K.; Bann, Kerrie L. (2010). "Ichnology and Facies Models". In James, Noel; Dalrymple, Robert W. (eds.). Facies Models 4. pp. 19–58. ISBN 9781897095508.
- ^ Buatois, Luis A.; Angulo, Solange; Mangano, María G. (2013-04-01). "Onshore expansion of benthic communities after the Late Devonian mass extinction". Lethaia. 46 (2): 251–261. doi:10.1111/let.12001. ISSN 1502-3931.
- ^ Marrow, Jared R.; Hasiotis, Stephen T. (2007). "Endobenthic Response through Mass-Extinction Episodes: Predictive Models and Observed Patterns". In Miller III, William (ed.). Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects. Elsevier Science. pp. 575–598. ISBN 978-0444529497.