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Reputation as a composer (use for lead)[1]
Gibbons Music Draft
[edit]Music
[edit]Overview
[edit]One of the most versatile composers of his time, Gibbons' oeuvre includes a large number of keyboard works, around forty fantasias for viols, a set of 20 Madrigals, more than thirty verse and full anthems, various consort songs and psalms as well as two major settings of Evensong, the Short Service and the Second Service.[2] It is difficult to trace Gibbons' compositional progression since the dating of many of his works is speculative.[3] However, some works which are thought to be earlier, like Hosanna to the Son of David show considerable influence from Thomas Weelkes and especially Byrd.[4] Byrd's influence is certainly due to his reputable status as a composer, but may also be since Gibbons' probably sang many of his works during his time at Choir of King's College, Cambridge.[5] His mature works, especially keyboard, show some continued influence from Byrd and much influence from John Bull.[6]
As a result of his premature death, Gibbon's output as a whole was less than his contemporaries, such as the prolific William Byrd.[7] However, his instrumental music alone is notably more than most other composers of his time.[8]
Gibbons' early and unexpected death led to his total output being less than his contemporaries, like the prolific William Byrd.[7] However, his instrumental music alone is notably more than most of his contemporaries.[8]
Gibbons' music has been praised and recognized
Sacred Vocal Music
[edit]Secular Vocal Music
[edit]Keyboard Music
[edit]Gibbons' keyboard works have been noted to have had considerable ease in instituting technical devices, such as imitation, inversion and augmentation
Instrumental Music
[edit]One of the most versatile composers of his time, Gibbons wrote a large number of keyboard works, around thirty fantasias for viols, a set of 20 Madrigals, and many verse and full anthems. He also produced two major settings of Evensong, the Short Service and the Second Service, an extended composition combining verse and full sections.
Legacy
[edit]Historical Assessment?
[edit]Much of Gibbon's personal life revolved around uncertainty, as his birth place, marriage to Patten without birth record and doctor at Oxford.
In his time, Gibbons' was widely renowned for his skill on the keyboard and organ, having four positions that were associated with it. However, after his death he was largely remembered for his sacred vocal music with more than 30 17th century sources of his Short Service surviving.[9]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Orlando Gibbons Biography." Singers.com. N. p., 2019. Web. 29 May 2019.
- ^ Harley 1999, pp. 291–301.
- ^ Harley 1999, p. 76.
- ^ Harley 1999, p. 76–77.
- ^ Harley 1999, p. 77.
- ^ Harley 1999, p. 83.
- ^ a b Fellowes 1951, p. 55.
- ^ a b Fellowes 1951, p. 90.
- ^ Huray 2001.
References
[edit]Sources
[edit]Early
[edit]- Bridge, Sir Frederick (2009) [1920]. Twelve Good Musicians: From John Bull to Henry Purcell. London: Cornell University Library. ISBN 978-1-112-52076-1.
- Hawkins, Sir John (1963) [1853]. Novello, Joseph Alfred (ed.). A General History of the Science and Practice of Music. Vol. II (4th ed.). New York: Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-21049-0.
- Maitland, John Alexander Fuller (1889). "Gibbons, Orlando". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.013.10598. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- Walker, John (1714). An attempt towards recovering an account of the numbers and sufferings of the clergy of the Church of England. London: Knaplock. OCLC 79528970.
- Wood, Anthony (1815) [1692]. Bliss, Phillip (ed.). Athenae Oxonienses. Vol. II (3rd ed.). London: Printed for F.C. and J. Rivington. OCLC 847943279.
Modern
[edit]- Books
- Apel, Willi (1997). The History of Keyboard Music to 1700. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-21141-5.
- Fellowes, Edmund H. (1951). Orlando Gibbons and His Family: The Last of the Tudor School of Musicians (2nd ed.). Hamden: Archon Books. ISBN 978-0-208-00848-0.
- Gould, Glenn (1990). Tim Page (ed.). The Glenn Gould Reader. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-73135-1.
- Gould, Glenn; Cott, Jonathan (2005). Conversations with Glenn Gould. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-11623-5.
- Harley, John (1999). Orlando Gibbons and the Gibbons Family of Musicians. London: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-1-840-14209-9.
- Morris, Christopher (1978). The Oxford Book of Tudor Anthems: 34 Anthems for Mixed Voices. Oxford University Press, Music Department. ISBN 978-0-19-353325-7.
- Payzant, Geoffrey (1986). Glenn Gould: Music & Mind. Formac. ISBN 978-0-88780-145-7.
- Journal and encyclopedia articles
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2020). "Orlando Gibbons". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|author=has generic name (help) - Anderton, H. Orsmond (1 June 1912). "Orlando Gibbons". The Musical Times. 53 (832): 367–369. doi:10.2307/907324. JSTOR 907324.
- Dart, Thurston (January 1970). "Two English Musicians at Heidelberg in 1613". The Musical Times. 111 (1523): 29+31–32. doi:10.2307/952296. JSTOR 952296.
- Duffin, Ross W. (March 1993). "Princely Pastimes, or a Courtly Catch, being the History of Another Musical Fragment at Case Western Reserve University". Notes. 49 (3): 911–924. doi:10.2307/898924. JSTOR 898924.
- Harper, John (December 1983). "Orlando Gibbons: The Domestic Context of His Music and Christ Church MS 21". The Musical Times. 124 (1690): 767–770. doi:10.2307/962243. JSTOR 962243.
- Harper, John (2008). "Gibbons, Orlando (bap. 1583, d. 1625), composer and keyboard player". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10598. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- Howard, Michael (April 1951). "Orlando Gibbons". The Musical Times. 92 (1298): 160–164. doi:10.2307/935033. JSTOR 935033.
- Huray, Peter Le (2001). "Gibbons, Orlando". In Harper, John (ed.). Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11092. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- Josephson, Nors S. (1998–2002). "Interrelationships between the London Street Cry Settings". Musica Disciplina. 52. American Institute of Musicology Verlag Corpusmusicae, GmbH: 139–180. JSTOR 20532424.
- Mateer, David (2008). "Heather, William (c. 1563–1627), musician and benefactor". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12849. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- Neighbour, Oliver; Jeans, Susi (2001). "Bull [Boul, Bul, Bol], John". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04294. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- Thewlis, George A. (January 1940). "Oxford and the Gibbons Family". Music & Letters. 21 (1): 31–33. doi:10.1093/ml/XXI.1.31. JSTOR 727619.
- Turbet, Richard (January–March 2000). "Orlando Gibbons: Music in Printed Editions 1625—1925". Fontes Artis Musicae. 47 (1). International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres: 42–47. JSTOR 23509038.
- Turbet, Richard (2016). "Orlando Gibbons". Oxford Bibliographies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199757824-0172. (subscription required)
- Vining, Paul (October 1977). "Orlando Gibbons: The Portraits". Music & Letters. 58 (4): 415–429. doi:10.1093/ml/58.4.415. JSTOR 733988.
- Online
- Rockwell, John (11 May 1984). "Music: Orlando Gibbons". New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2020.