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User:Avrillarios/Health in Nicaragua

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Health in Nicaragua is influenced by several factors including public health policies, the availability of healthcare facilities, environmental influences, individual lifestyle choices, and socioeconomic circumstances.

Nicaragua ranks as the second-least affluent nation in the Western Hemisphere.[1] Despite the challenges Nicaragua faces in improving public health, there has been a notable increase in life expectancy since the Sandanista Revolution of 1979, when it stood as low as 55 years old.[2] In comparison, life expectancy in Nicaragua at birth was 72 years for men and 78 for women in 2016.[3] While communicable diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika continue to persist as national health concerns, there is a rising public health threat of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, which were diseases previously thought to be more relevant and problematic for more developed nations.[4] Additionally, in the women's health sector, high rates of adolescent pregnancy and cervical cancer continue to persist as national concerns.[5] The infrastructure surrounding healthcare in Nicaragua faces challenges that may contribute to the exacerbation of health issues and hinder sustainable improvements. In the process of Nicaragua's democratization, there has been a general decrease in funding allocated to public services, coinciding with an increasing prevalence of privatization in healthcare, including both primary and secondary care.[6] Hence, access to healthcare (and states of health) varies considerably between urban and rural areas, as well as among different socioeconomic groups.[7]

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative[8] finds that Nicaragua is fulfilling 96.1% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income.[9] When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Nicaragua achieves 98.6% of what is expected based on its current income.[10] In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 89.7% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. [11] Nicaragua falls into the "good" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling 100.0% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.[12]

***The article then goes on to discuss the most pressing diseases in Nicaragua as well as the issues with health surrounding women and infants***

  1. ^ "Nicaragua - Market Overview". International Trade Administration. 2024-02-29. Retrieved 2024-04-20.
  2. ^ Garfield, R M; Taboada, E (October 1984). "Health services reforms in revolutionary Nicaragua". American Journal of Public Health. 74 (10): 1138–1144. doi:10.2105/AJPH.74.10.1138. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 1651882. PMID 6476169.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  3. ^ "Nicaragua". WHO. 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  4. ^ Webber, Laura; Kilpi, Fanny; Marsh, Tim; Rtveladze, Ketevan; Brown, Martin; McPherson, Klim (2012-08-13). "High Rates of Obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases Predicted across Latin America". PLOS ONE. 7 (8): e39589. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...739589W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039589. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3418261. PMID 22912663.
  5. ^ Drain, Paul K.; Holmes, King K.; Hughes, James P.; Koutsky, Laura A. (2002-07-10). "Determinants of cervical cancer rates in developing countries". International Journal of Cancer. 100 (2): 199–205. doi:10.1002/ijc.10453. ISSN 1097-0215. PMID 12115570. S2CID 25852758.
  6. ^ Birn, Anne-Emanuelle; Zimmerman, Sarah; Garfield, Richard (January 2000). "To Decentralize or Not to Decentralize, is That the Question? Nicaraguan Health Policy under Structural Adjustment in the 1990s". International Journal of Health Services. 30 (1): 111–128. doi:10.2190/C6TB-B16Y-60HV-M3QW. ISSN 0020-7314.
  7. ^ Nouvet, Elysée; Chan, Elizabeth; Schwartz, Lisa J. (2018-04-03). "Looking good but doing harm? Perceptions of short-term medical missions in Nicaragua". Global Public Health. 13 (4): 456–472. doi:10.1080/17441692.2016.1220610. ISSN 1744-1692.
  8. ^ "Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries". humanrightsmeasurement.org. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  9. ^ "Nicaragua - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  10. ^ "Nicaragua - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  11. ^ "Nicaragua - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  12. ^ "Nicaragua - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
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