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Despite probably being a unified and centralized polity for most of it's history, especially after it's prominent position after absorbing the Kingdom of Saï around c. 1700 BC, Kerma seems to have been largely without writing and written records, and thus only the names of four succeeding kings of Kerma are known from Egyptian sources.
These three enigmatic Kings are only attested in Lower Nubia, from the period around the Egyptian Late Eleventh and Early Twelfth dynasties. They may have been Egyptian rebels or potential usurpers to the ruling Pharaohs, who held power only in Lower Nubia, or they may have been local Kings or Chieftains of some small polity, in which case they may have been Egyptian or Nubian. The relationships between these three enigmatic rulers is unknown, as is any potential order they ruled, though they are dated to the early 20th century BC.[2]