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In this Korean name, the family name is Jung.
Jung Myung Seok
Joshua Jung
Joshua Jung Myung Seok
Born
Jung Myung Seok

(1945-03-16)16 March 1945
Wolmyeongdong-gil, in Geumsan County, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea
NationalityKorean
Occupation(s)Religious leader, Poet, Author, Artist, War Veteran
Known forPresident of Christian Gospel Mission (Providence)
Awards2013 Seoul Literature Award
HonoursCitation for Distinguished Service in War
Korean name
Hangul
정명석
Hanja
Revised RomanizationJung Myung-seok
McCune–ReischauerJŏng Myŏng-sŏk
Websitejungmyungseok.net

Joshua Jung Myung Seok (Korean 정명석 Jung Myung Seok; or Jeong Myeong Seok; 16 March 1945 – ) is a South Korean painter, poet, author and Vietnam War veteran.[1][2][3] He designed and constructed the Wolmyeongdong Natural Temple and is the President of the Christian Gospel Mission (Providence).[4][5] He is also known by the names of Joshua Jung, Joshua Lee and Pastor Joshua.[6][7][8] He was born and raised in Wolmyeongdong-gil, in Geumsan County, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea.[9]

From birth, Jung’s family was impoverished following Korea’s liberation from Japanese occupation.[9] In his early years, he worked in farming and was afforded only an elementary school education.[10][11] At the age of 20, he was drafted to serve in the Vietnam War.[3][12]

Jung served 2 terms in the Vietnam War, from 1966 to 1969.[3] In 1967, he was awarded the Citation of Distinguished Service in War by the Commander of the ROK Army Forces in Vietnam and Chief of Staff of the ROK Army, General Chae Myung-shin.[13]

In 1978, Jung founded the Christian Gospel Mission.[5] Thereafter in 1989, Jung designed and built the Wolmyeongdong Natural Temple.[4]

In 1999, the media published news of sexual assault allegations against Jung.[14][15] In 2008, Jung was convicted of sexual assault and sentenced to 10 years in prison, in South Korea.[16][17][18][19][20][21] Jung maintained his innocence.[22] Since his conviction, South Korean investigative reporters have released articles examining the potential unfairness of the trial and media frenzy.[23][24] In 2012, new allegations brought against Jung were fully dismissed because the court found no evidence to support the charges.[25] In 2013, allegations accusing Jung of receiving preferential treatment in prison were made. Those charges were also dismissed by the South Korean Minister of Justice.[26]

While imprisoned, Jung continued to write sermons.[26] He exhibited many of his paintings and calligraphy works both in Korea and other nations.[1] He has authored and published literature, including two bestselling poetry books.[27] He is the winner of the 2013 Seoul Literature Award.[2]

Early life

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Ancestry

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Jung Myung Seok was born on 16 March 1945 (3rd Feb Lunar Calendar) in the village of Wolmyeongdong-gil, in Geumsan County, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea.  He was the third son of Jung Pal-seong (father) and Hwang Kil-rye (mother). He grew up in a family of 7 children.[9][28][29][30]

Education and Poverty

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Jung's family lived in poverty, at a time when South Korea had just been liberated from Japanese rule. There was a severe shortage of food and insufficient land for farming. Jung and his family survived off arrowroots and watery porridge[11] Due to poverty, Jung could only afford an elementary school education, from which he graduated in 1959.[31]

Religious Life

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Jung sought the existence of God from the age of 6. He later learned about Jesus when he attended elementary school, where he was taught about the Bible. Jung received his first Bible from Christian missionaries and became an avid reader of the Bible.[32] He was baptized by William Alderman Linton, an American Presbyterian missionary, at the age of 14.[33] Jung was a Sunday School teacher at his local village Church, the Suk-mak Church in Sukmak-ri.[34] In his late teens, he spent his days farming with his parents to support his family’s living, and by night, he read the Bible and prayed in nearby Daedun mountains.[35]

Military Service (1966 - 1969)

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During the Vietnam War, Jung was a Corporal, and served 2 tours of duty in the Republic of Korea Army’s 9th Division (the White Horse Division), 28th Regiment, 1st Battalion, 3rd Company, 1st Platoon, 2nd Squad.[3][36][37] After his first tour of duty, Corporal Jung was awarded the Citation of Distinguished Service in War on 13 October 1967 by General Chae Myung-shin.[13]

Enlistment and Deployment to the Vietnam War

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Jung was drafted on 22 February 1966, when he was 20 years old.[12] He was part of the US-led coalition against the Communist North Vietnamese and South Vietnamese insurgents. He, along with the 9th Infantry Division, was deployed to Vietnam in August 1966.[3][37][38]

First Tour of Duty

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During the first tour, Corporal Jung fought in operations- notably, he fought in the Operation Hong Kil Dong which lasted from 9 July to 26 August 1967.[37][39][40] A few days before Operation Hong Kil Dong commenced, the South Korean 3rd Company had a skirmish with the Viet Cong Soldiers, while retreating from Chai Mountain (Nui Chap Chai), North-West of Tuy Hoa, as the sun was setting. The next day Corporal Jung and his comrade Corporal Yoo Gun Tae were sent to Chai Mountain to check for any surviving Viet Cong soldiers.[41] There, Corporal Jung refused to kill the Viet Congs. Instead, he captured a Viet Cong soldier and brought him alive as a prisoner to his army base. However, the prisoner was later killed by the platoon's commander.[42]

Saving a prisoner's life during Operation Hong Kil Dong

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On the 6th day of Operation Hong Kil Dong, Corporal Jung captured and imprisoned another Vietcong soldier. While in captivity, the prisoner revealed the location of the headquarters of the North Vietnamese 95th Regiment. This prevented a possible ambush on Corporal Jung’s platoon.[43] Jung faced resistance from his platoon commander and comrades, due to his refusal to kill enemy captives. Keeping the enemy captive was considered a burden on resources. However, Jung convinced his commander and comrades to keep the prisoner alive for obtaining intelligence.[44] Eventually, his platoon commander, Choi Hee Nam, arranged for the prisoner to be transferred via helicopter to the South Korean 28th Regiment Headquarters. Intelligence obtained from the prisoner enabled the 1st Platoon to decisively defeat the Vietnamese 95th Regiment Headquarters. This was one of the highlights of Operation Hong Kil Dong.[45]

Completion of Duty & Return to Korea

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Jung returned to Korea in mid September 1967, soon after the conclusion of the Operation Hong Kil Dong.[46]

Citation of Distinguished Service in War

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Corporal Jung was awarded the Citation of Distinguished Service in War (dated 13 October 1967) by the Commander of the ROK Army Forces in Vietnam and the Chief of Staff of the ROK Army, General Chae Myung-shin. Corporal Jung was commended in the citation for risking his life, going beyond the call of duty, to execute his assigned mission, and for contributing to the ROK Army’s responsibility over a key part of the defense line against the spread of communism.[13]

Heavy Losses by 3rd Company

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After Corporal Jung left Vietnam and the 3rd Company suffered heavy losses, especially during the Ninh Hoa battle in October 1967. During the battle, the Vietnamese military entered Ninh Hoa and established control. They killed 20 of the men from the ROK 3rd Company’s Firearms Platoon, which was half of the entire platoon. Later, in an operation which started on 12 Feb 1968 at Hon-ba Mountain, the 3rd Company 1st Platoon suffered 3 deaths. The next day, the 3rd Company 2nd Platoon 2nd Squad’s Staff Sergeant was killed. The morale of Corporal Jung’s 3rd company deteriorated during this period, due to the heavy casualties.[47]

2nd Tour of Duty

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On 18 February 1968, Corporal Jung returned to the 3rd Company on his second tour of duty. Upon his return, the string of casualties came to an end. Shortly after returning to Vietnam, Corporal Jung’s company fought in the 6th Do-Gae-Bi Operation. The 3rd Company, 1st Platoon was successful, without any casualty.[48]

Influence

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Jung later spoke of his experience of serving in Vietnam; how he realized the terror of death and the meaninglessness of life. He described feeling the intensity of that emptiness to his bones. He acknowledged that it was because of God’s protection that he was able to survive many life threatening situations. His determination to live for God, to share the words of God around the world, stemmed from his time in Vietnam. His experience of the War was one of the motivations that led to his ministry later in life.[49]

Post-Vietnam (1970 - 1978)

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After Jung returned to his hometown, he used the earnings he accumulated from his Vietnam War service to rebuilt the Sukmak Church building on 20 Jun 1971.[50]

From 1975 to 1978, Jung was involved in the Unification Church, whose teachings have been alleged to resemble Jung's "quite closely".[51][52][53]

In January 1978, Jung wrapped up his ascetic life in the mountains. He compiled the original notes that he wrote down and spent the next few months making 1,200 pages of charts. At the end of May 1978, he packed the notes and the charts, and went to Seoul to begin his ministry.[54]

President of the Christian Gospel Mission (1978- )

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In June 1978, Jung began ministry in Seoul, which later became the Christian Gospel Mission (CGM).[5] In 1980, Jung founded the Ae-chun Church. (애천교회), which was affiliated with the Methodist Church.[55][56]

In 1982, Jung established the Korean College Student MS Ministry, and registered the Presbyterian Methodist Order a year later in 1983. In 1986, this evolved into the Presbyterian Methodist Organization, with Jung appointed as a director.[5]

In 1989, it was restructured as the World Youth College Student MS Union.[5] In 1990, it started its own seminary school.[57] In 1996, it was reorganized into the International Christian Union (HLN) after being expelled from the Methodist Order.[55] In October 1999, it was reorganized into the Christian Gospel Mission, with Jung as the current President.[5][57]

Construction of the Wolmyeongdong Natural Temple (1989- )

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Jung designed and built the Wolmyeongdong Natural Temple, together with CGM members. Construction began from 1989.[4][58] Wolmyeongdong is located in Jinsan-myon of Choong-nam Geumsan-kun.[59] It consists of various facilities and buildings on a tract of land of about 991,735square meters in size.[60]

In the early 1900s, the region was an abandoned remote mountain village. Jung Myung Seok developed Wolmyeongdong into an outdoor temple. Currently, Wolmyeongdong is visited by hundreds of thousands of people annually.[59] Stage performances and sports events are regularly held in Wolmyeongdong. Seasonally, Wolmyeongdong hosts summer retreats, spring flower festivals, autumn rock festivals and winter skiing and sledding activities. These festivals and events are held for young people, children and families.[59]

After Wolmyeongdong was developed, Jung said to his members, ‘Wolmyeongdong was once a pitiful place. Since it has been developed, it has become invaluable. Likewise, I urge all of you to become developed people of great value to God.’[59]

Poet (1995- )

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Poetry Accomplishments

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After appearing in the monthly magazine "Literary Movement and Trends" (문예사조) in 1995, Jung published five volumes of a series titled Spiritual Poetry. The third and fourth volumes, titled Spiritual Poetry 3- Woman of Poetry and Spiritual Poetry 4- Speaking through poetry, became the first and second best-sellers of the Kyobo Book Centre in 2013.[27]

Ten poems composed by Jung were published in The Encyclopedia of Korean Poetry (2011), which comprises 3,500 poems spanning 100 years of Korean poetry.[61] The encyclopedia commentary stated that Jung’s writing of nature shows that he perceives nature from the perspective of the Creator and His laws of creation. Commentators have also observed that Jung uses poetry to tie the love between Heaven and Earth. Jung has since written more than 3000 poems.[62]

While imprisoned, Jung won the ‘2013 Most Beautiful Person’ Seoul Literature Award for his poetry achievements. Jung’s poetry was considered a revival to the literature of poetry, a dying literary form. The award is presented annually by the Korea University Broadcast and the Seoul Education Broadcast. In the same year, the United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon won the ‘2013 Most Beautiful Person’ Peace Contribution Award.[2][63][61]

In December 2016, Jung published the fifth volume of Spiritual Poetry titled Spiritual Poetry 5- Happiness Comes. The volume contains 77 poems divided into 3 sections titled: ‘Longing’, ‘Life and the Wind’ and ‘With all of my heart’.[64]

Poetry Influences

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Critics have surmised that Jung’s childhood and Vietnam War experiences bore strong influences on his poetry. Critics referred to one such experience, in which, shortly after he was born, he contracted a serious illness and became unresponsive. He was assumed dead and almost buried, before he regained consciousness. Another was his service in the Vietnam War, during which his realised the value and futility of life. These experiences added to the uniqueness and earnestness of his poetry.[65]

Author (1998- )

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In addition to poetry, Jung has published more than 20 books, which include: a 3-book series titled The Message of Life, a 3-book series titled Words of Salvation and a series of 9 proverb books titled Heaven’s words, My words, an edition of 4 proverb books with illustrations titled Heaven’s words, My words (illustrated version), and a 2-book series titled Lamplight of the Sun.[66][67][68]

Jung published his first book series "The Message of Life" in 1998, which is a compilation of his sermons from 1997 to 1999.[69]

Thereafter, Jung wrote the 3-book series titled “Book of Salvation”- one of his more significant works, which took him six years to complete.The series details the salvation history of God. More than theoretical, it is a book about the practice of faith and obtaining salvation in the current generation. The book covers the topics of heaven, hell and salvation.[70]

Jung has also written over 30,000 proverbs, some of which have been published in the proverb book series titled "Heaven’s words, My words" and the "Lamplight of the Sun".[71]

Artist

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Artistic achievements

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Jung is an active artist. His calligraphy and paintings are exhibited under his pen name ‘Choen Bo’ (천보) in South Korea, England, France, Germany and Argentina. One of his paintings, titled Destiny, received international recognition.[72][1]

He has been recognised by international art communities as an internationally renowned artist. He was one of the 15 finalists of the Second Edition of the Great Prize of Painting Center Costa Salguero, from among 350 participants, at Arteclasica 2011.[73][74]

Artistic Style

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Jung endeavors to create an original style of art, inspired by the freedom found within God’s truth.[1] Many of his artworks are of nature: mountains, oceans, the sun, birds, trees and rocks. For his paintings of pine trees, Jung draws them in unique shapes; a pine tree coiling up like a dragon, a pine tree with a brawny appearance, a pine tree standing while firmly rooted to a rock, and a pine tree sitting on the top of a mountain.

His paintings depict the theme of overcoming challenges. This was especially conveyed in his painting of a snail defying a stork, titled 'Destiny'.[1]

He has also drawn a series of Chinese ink wash drawings, harmonizing rocky cliffs that are surrounded by the sea, trees rooted on cliffs, seagulls flying, the crimson sun rising, and people riding on boats.[1]

In addition, Jung writes calligraphy on his paintings. He pictoralizes his signature into objects, and he has written poetry on his paintings in calligraphy.[1]

Media Allegations, Charges, and Conviction (1999- )

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(See Full article: Media Allegations, Criminal Charges, and Conviction of Jung Myung Seok)

In 1999, the media published news of sexual assault allegations against Jung.[14][15] In 2008, Jung was convicted of sexual assault and sentenced to 10 years in prison, in South Korea.[16][17][18][19][20][21] Jung maintained his innocence.[22] Since his conviction, South Korean investigative reporters have released articles examining the potential unfairness of the trial and media frenzy.[23][24] In 2012, new allegations brought against Jung were fully dismissed because the court found no evidence to support the charges.[25] In 2013, allegations accusing Jung of receiving preferential treatment in prison were made. Those charges were also dismissed by the South Korean Minister of Justice.[26]

Awards, honors, and distinctions

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  • 1967 “Citation for Distinguished Service in War” for risking his life and going beyond the call of duty to execute his mission in the Vietnam War.[13]
  • 2011 Finalist in Arteclasica Art Exhibition in Argentina for his artwork Destiny.[74]
  • 2011 Featured in The Encyclopedia of Korean Poetry for his contributions to Korean Poetry.[62]
  • 2013 Authored two bestsellers in Kyobo Book Centre titled “Spiritual Poem 3 - Woman of Poetry” and “Spiritual Poem 4 - Speaking through Poetry”.[27]
  • 2013 Seoul Literary Award “Most Beautiful Person” for his poetry achievements.[2]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Oh Ha-neul (12 March 2014). "Christian Gospel Mission holds an exhibition of paintings by President Jung Myung Seok" (in Korean). News Kyong-nam. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017. 이번 전시에서 특히 눈길을 끄는 작품은 2011년 국제 아트 페어전에서 대표작으로 선정돼 세계인의 찬사를 받은 <운명>이다. 강자 앞에 약자의 운명을 그림으로 표현한 작품인데 작가는 "성자 예수의 구상을 받았으며 영감으로 주님이 보여 주셔서 순간 숨도 안 쉬고, 그렸다."라고 밝혔다. The painting that especially drew people's attention at the exhibit is Destiny, which was nominated as Jung's featured artwork at 2011 Arteclasica Art Fair held in Argentina. It won plaudits from people around the world. He portrayed the destiny of the weak before the strong through painting. 그의 그림에 등장하는 소재들은 산과 바다, 해와 새, 나무와 바위 등 흔히 자연경관에서 볼 수 있는 것들이지만, 그 소재가 화폭 위에 형상화된 모습은 결코 평범하지 않다. 이는 그가 제도적인 교육이나 육신에 국한된 감각 체험이나 외적 질료에 매이지 않고, 신과의 교감을 통해 자유롭게 연상하기 때문이다. 또한 시각 너머의 본질적인 형상을 포착하려는 부단한 도전의 산물로 이해된다. 곧 신과 맞닿은 고도의 정신을 표상한 것이다. The objects that appear in his drawings are mountains, seas, the sun, birds, trees, and rocks: things we can commonly see in nature. However, the way those objects are illustrated on his canvas is not ordinary at all. The reason is that Jung is not restricted by institutionalized education or by a sensory experience that is limited to the physical body and external stimuli, but he freely receives various ideas through communing with the Divine. 그는 특정모델의 복제를 뛰어 넘어 작가 자신만의 새로운 예술 공간을 자유롭게 창조해 나간 작가다. 그러나 그 자유로움에는 흐트러짐이 없다. 인간의 무지와 착오로 일그러진 세상이나 미완성된 인간을 묘사하기보다, 창조주가 지휘하는 이상세계와 진리 안에서의 자유로움을 이미지로 조형하고자 했기 때문이다. Jung is an artist who goes beyond mimicking certain models. He has been freely creating his own world of new art. Yet, there is no disorder to be found within that freedom; the reason being, instead of portraying imperfect human beings or a distorted world caused by mankind's ignorance and errors, he endeavors to shape his images using the freedom found within the truth and within the ideal world which our Creator governs. 정명석 총재는 그동안 국내뿐만 아니라 영국, 프랑스, 독일, 아르헨티나 등에서 그림과 서예 작품 다수를 전시하면서 예술 활동을 활발하게 펼쳐 왔다. President Jung Myung Seok has been active in his artistic activities by exhibiting his calligraphy and a number of his paintings in this nation as well as in England, France, Germany and Argentina.
  2. ^ a b c d Pak Sae-ho (16 Dec 2013). "Results of the "2013 Most Beautiful People" Awards". Korea News System. Archived from the original on 26 Jan 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017. 서울문학상을 수상한 정명석 시인은 열악한 환경에서 1주일에 1권 분량의 책을 집필하고 주간 베스트셀러를 기록해 열정적 작품활동을 하였다. The poet Jung Myung-seok, who won the Seoul Literary Prize, wrote a book's worth of writing a week in a harsh environment. He wrote his weekly bestseller and continued to work enthusiastically.
  3. ^ a b c d e 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. p. 6. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 이책에 나오는 대부분의 배경은 필자가 28연대 1대대 3중대 1소대장으로 근무했던 기간은 중심으로... 정명석 병사가 백마부대 본진(1진)으로파월하여 The majority of this book focuses on the perspective as the 28th Regiment, 1st Battalion, 3rd Company, 1st Platoon Commander... Private Jung Myung Seok was sent to Vietnam War as part of the White Horse Division
  4. ^ a b c Kim, Myeong-yeok (15 Oct 2013). "A Milestone in the History of Christianity" (in Korean). No. 15 Oct 2013. Environmental, Civil Defence, and Police News. Environmental, Civil Defence, and Police News. p. 8. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017. 정명석 총재가 기독교복음선교회의 회원들과 함께 10년 이상 직접 실천하여 만든 자연성전으로 국내외에서 연인원 수십만명이 방문하여 세계적인 명소가 되고 있다. 여름에는 젊은이들의 심신을 단련하고 수련하는 수련회가 매년 진행되고 있으며 사시사철의 아름다운 절경을 배경으로 봄에는 꽃축제, 가을에는 돌축제를 매년 시행하고 있다.The Wolmyeongdong training center is the Natural Temple built by President Jung Myung Seok along with CGM members. The Natural Temple was constructed over 10 years. It has become an international tourist attraction with hundreds of thousands of visitors from home and abroad vising every year. Summer retreats are held every year when young people come to train their minds and bodies. Also, annual flower festivals and rock festivals are held every spring and autumn, with its beautiful natural scenery.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Christian Gospel Mission: "We actualize God's ideal world on the Earth."" (in Korean). No. June 2005. South Korea: Headline News. Headline News. June 2005. Archived from the original on 1 June 2005. 기독교복음선교회는 1978년 6월부터 설립자 정명석 총재가 말씀을 전파하기 시작, 현재 전국 4백여 개의 교회와 해외 50여 개국에 20여 만 명의 회원들이 선교활동을 벌이고 있다. 기독교복음선교회는 27년의 짧은 시간에도 불구하고 놀라운 전파력으로 국내외 선교활동을 벌이고 있다. Chairman Jung Myung Seok, who established Christian Gospel Mission (CGM), started to spread the gospel in June of 1978. Currently, there are about 200,000 members in 400 churches throughout the nation (Korea) and 50 overseas nations. Even though it's only been a short period of time—27 years—they have been actively engaged in ministry and have powerfully branched out throughout the nation and also abroad. 기독교복음선교회는 지난 1978년 정명석 총재가 서울에서 선교활동을 시작한 이래 1980년 첫 생명의 결실을 시작으로 1982년 한국대학생MS선교회 창립, 1983년 예수교대한감리회 교단 가입, 그리고 1986년 예수교대한감리회(진리)를 창립해 감독으로 정명석 총재가 취임했다. 1989년 세계청년대학생MS연맹으로 조직을 개편했고, 1996년에는 국제크리스천연합으로 개편해 운영했다. In 1978 when Chairman Jung started his ministry in Seoul, he bore the first fruit of lives in 1980. From that point on, CGM established Korean College Students MS Ministry in 1982, registered the Presbyterian Methodist Order in 1983, founded a Presbyterian Methodist organization in 1986, and appointed Chairman Jung as the director. In 1989, it was restructured as the World Youth College Students MS Union, and in 1996, it was re-organized and run as the International Christian Union. 1999년 10월에는 "기도하는 선교회, 진리로 하나되는 선교회, 세계로 나아가는 선교회"라는 목표 아래 기독교복음선교회로 개편해 현재까지 이르고 있다. 전국 22개 지역회에 400여 개의 교회, 20여 만 명의 신자가 소속되어 있으며, 해외에도 50여 개국에 지부를 형성, 세계적인 선교회로 교세를 확장하고 있다. In October 1999, with the theme, "The ministry that prays, the ministry that becomes one through the truth, and the ministry that has advanced to the world," it was reconstructed as Christian Gospel Mission, which has been operating until now. They have 400 churches in 22 regional districts throughout the nation and have branched out to 50 foreign nations with a total of 200,000 members worldwide. They are expanding their religious influence as a worldwide ministry.
  6. ^ Cubby, Ben (March 10, 2007). "Claims sect using social groups to recruit members". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  7. ^ Schwartzman, Nathan (English translator) (April 2, 2012). "Seoul: Former JMS cult members tell their stories". Asian Correspondent. Retrieved September 20, 2015. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help); original article: Song, Ju-youl (송주열) (March 28, 2012). "JMS 정명석, 탈퇴자에 대한 테러 지시" [Jung Myung-Seok orders terror on JMS defectors]. CBS (Korea) Newsroom (in Korean). No Cut News. Archived from the original on January 1, 2015. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; January 9, 2015 suggested (help)
  8. ^ Miller, Mallory (April 8, 2014). "South Korean 'cult' JMS recruiting students at US universities". Cult News. Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  9. ^ a b c Seoul Education Broadcast. "2013 Seoul Literature Award Winner: Poet Jung Myung Seok". Seoul Literature Publications (in Korean). Seoul Education Broadcast. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 달밝골이라는 충남 진산면 석막리에서 한 아이가 태어났다. 당시 행정구역은 충청도가 아니라 전라도였다. 정명석 시인, 부친 정팔성의 셋째 아들이다. 식민지 시절 무슨 희망이 있었으랴. 태어나자마자 정명석 시인은 죽음을 직면했다. 면역력이 없는 아이는 숨을 쉬지 않는다. 집에서는 불길하다며 밖에 묻어라고 시어머니가 재촉했지만, 정명석 시인의 어머니는 자식이 안타까워 한번 더 얼굴을 들여다보면 딱 그때 아이가 눈을 떴다. A boy was born in Darlpak-gol, Seokmak-ri, Jinsan-myeon, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. At that time, the district was not called Chungcheong Province but Jeolla Province. Poet Jung Myung Seok was the third son of Jung Pal Seong.
  10. ^ "Jung's Journey". The Official English Site of Jung Myung Seok. Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 12 February 2017. At the age of 15, even though he completed his elementary education, his family was unable to support him to prceed to middle school.
  11. ^ a b "Life Journey". The Christian Gospel Mission Official Site (in Korean). Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 어릴 때부터 지독스런 가난을 겪었다. 변변한 땅이 없어 농사를 지어도 거둘 곡식이 적었다. 멀건 죽으로 끼니를 해결하는 게 다반사였고 낮에는 칡뿌리를 캐 산으로 다녔다. From youth, he experienced extreme poverty. Without suitable land to farm, even after farming the crops were few. It became the norm for them to solve their meal issues with thin porridge, and in the day they would go to the mountains to cut arrowroots.
  12. ^ a b "Vietnam War Stories". The Official English Site of Jung Myung Seok. Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 12 February 2017. Pastor Jung Myung Seok was enlisted for military operations in the Vietnam war on Feb 22, 1966.
  13. ^ a b c d "Life in Vietnam War". The Official English Site of Jung Myung Seok. Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 전공 표창장 CITATION OF DISTINGUISHED SERVICE IN WAR 보병 제 9사단 28연대 ROK 9th Infantry Division, 28th Regiment 육군 상병 정 명 석 ROK Army Corporal, Jung Myung Seok 11571406 우자는 1966년 8월 주월한국군의 일원으로 보직됨이래 제반 난관과 위험을 무릅쓰고 맡은 바 임무를 훌륭히 수행함으로써 월남공화국의 평정과업을 지원하고 방공전선의 일익을 담당하는 한국군임무를 성공적으로 수행케 하였을 뿐만 아니라 한월 양국간의 유대 강화와 국위 선양에 기여한 공이 지대함. The aforementioned person above, since being assigned as a member of the ROK Armed Forces in Vietnam in August 1966, has carried out his assigned mission through conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. He has aided in the pacification of the Republic of Vietnam and succeeded in accomplishing the objective of the ROK Army that was in charge of a key part of the defensive line against the spread of communism. The service of his contribution on the strengthening of the bond between both countries, Korea and Vietnam, and the enhancement of national prestige is immense. 이는 평소 왕성한 군인정신과 투철한 방공이념의 발로로서 타 장병의 귀감이 되므로 그 공을 높이 찬양하여 이에 표창함. As a manifestation of the exuberant mentality of a solider and as a clear symbol against the spread of communism, his service has become exemplary to other soldiers. Therefore, we highly praise his merits and honor him. 1967년 10월 13일 October 13, 1967 주월한국군사령관 Commander of the ROK Army Forces in Vietnam 육군총장 채명신 Chief of Staff of the ROK Army, Chae Myung Shin
  14. ^ a b Sakurai 2006, p. 142: 民放各社が報じた女性信者と乱舞する鄭明析の映像も加えて。これは1999 年3 月20 日に韓国のテレビ局SBS が視聴率34.4% を記録した特集の映像クリップであり、2 回分2 時間にわたる摂理批判は被害の実態、摂理側の問題隠蔽工作等、余すことなく伝えている。韓国における摂理批判はこの後本格化し、摂理批判と元信者の相談にのるエクソダスも同年に設立されたのである。([My lectures] included the use of the video of Jung Myeong-suk frolicking with female members. This was a video clip from the program devoted [to the topic] aired by the South Korean TV station SBS with 34.4% rating. The two shows running 2 hours long critique of Providence reported comprehensively on the realities of victimization, and Providence's machinations to cover-up the issue. Criticism began full force after this against Providence in South Korea. The same year EXODUS was established, which criticizes Providence and provides counseling to ex-members)
  15. ^ a b Tamaki, Nanako (玉木 奈々子) (2008), 「摂理」事件に関するテレビ報道の内容分析 [A Content Analysis of TV's Coverage of the Case of "Setsuri"], 宗教研究 (Shūkyō kenkyū), 81 (4): 1209–1210
  16. ^ a b Herskovitz, Jon (May 22, 2014). "South Korean religious sect leader jailed for rape". National Post. Retrieved August 31, 2015. A South Korean court on Tuesday sentenced Jung Myung-seok, the leader of a fringe religious sect, to six years in jail for raping female followers, a court official said. Jung, 63, the leader of the Jesus Morning Star sect (JMS), fled to China from South Korea in 2001 where he had been charged with selecting followers from photographs and then forcing them to have sex with him.
  17. ^ a b "Cult Leader Gets 6-Year Prison Term". The Korea Times. August 12, 2008. Retrieved February 28, 2014. Notorious cult leader Jung Myung-seok received Tuesday a six-year prison sentence for raping and sexually abusing his female followers.
  18. ^ a b "정명석 JMS총재 징역 6년 선고" [JMS leader Jung Myung-Seok sentenced to six years in prison]. Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). August 13, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2013. 서울중앙지법 형사26부(재판장 배기열)는 12일 여자 신도들을 성폭행한 혐의로 구속기소된 JMS(기독교복음선교회) 총재 정명석(63)씨에게 징역 6년을 선고했다. (The Seoul Central District Court No. 26 Criminal Division (Justice Bae Ki-yeol) delivered a prison sentence of six years to JMS President Jung Myung-seok, 63, who had been arrested and charged with raping 12 female followers.)
  19. ^ a b 송, 경호 (Song Gyeong-ho) (February 5, 2009). "성폭행 혐의 정명석, 항소심 선고 10일로 연기" [Jung Myung-seok sexual assault allegations, asks appeal court to postpone decision 10th]. Christian Today. Archived from the original on February 7, 2009. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  20. ^ a b "JMS 정명석 징역 10년 확정" [Jung Myung-Seok's 10-year prison sentence upheld] (in Korean). Yonhap. April 23, 2009. Retrieved October 29, 2013. 여신도들을 성폭행한 혐의(강간) 등으로 구속기소된 국제크리스천연합(JMS) 총재 정명석(64)씨에게 징역 10년을 선고한 원심을 확정했다.
  21. ^ a b "Court Upholds 10-Yr Sentence on Cult Leader". The Korea Times. April 23, 2009. Retrieved March 1, 2014. The Supreme Court upheld a 10-year-imprisonment sentence on Jung Myung-suk, the leader of the JMS (Jesus Morning Star) religious cult Thursday for the rape and sexual assault of five Korean female followers. Jung was indicted for sexually assaulting the victims between 2003 and 2006 in Hong Kong, Malaysia and China. A lower court convicted him on three counts sentencing him to a six-year-prison term, but a high court extended this to 10 years convicting him on all five counts.
  22. ^ a b "South Korean fugitive cult leader Jung extradited back to Seoul". Associated Press Television News. February 20, 2008. Retrieved February 29, 2008.
  23. ^ a b "JMS(Christian Gospel Mission) President Jung Myung Seok" (in Korean). Min Jung News. 7 Feb 2010. Archived from the original on 19 Sep 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  24. ^ a b Moon Il-suk (15 Feb 2015). "Reporter calls for a retrial of Jung Myung Seok's Case" (in Korean). Break News. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  25. ^ a b Kim Ah-yung (Dec 2012). "All Previous Cases Related to JMS Religious Organization's Founder, Jung Myung Seok, Dismissed Without Charge" (in Korean). Jeong Gyeong News. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2017. From January of last year, the case involving the religious organization referred to as JMS (Official name: Christian Gospel Mission) attracted a lot of attention through the media and the case finally concluded at the end of October. Some of the people related to the case were acquitted by the court after investigation. Hereby, the founder, Jung Myung Seok, was cleared from all accusations and the press itself. The press, found to have fabricated contents in the media without confirming the facts, became the target of criticism.
  26. ^ a b c Choi Jung-pyon (5 Nov 2013). "The Ministry of Justice clarified that speculations made by Park Beom-Gye (a member of the National Assembly) of Jung Myung Seok receiving preferential treatment in prison are untrue" (in Korean). Uri News (우리들 뉴스). Archived from the original on 2 Feb 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017. On October 25, 2013, Park Beom-Gye (a member of the National Assembly) questioned whether Jung (president and pastor of the Christian Gospel Mission, formerly known as JMS) was living a life of luxury, while receiving preferential treatment in prison. In response, Minister Hyang Gyo-Ahn from the Ministry of Justice issued a statement explaining that this was a misunderstanding and provided further explanatory materials. After checking the facts, we found out that Jung had been writing sermons everyday sitting in his room and sending them outside. The church members would post those sermons on websites run by the CGM. The question put forth by Mr Park Beom-Gye was irresponsible and groundless. His speculation of Jung receiving preferential treatment spread to certain news outlets, which harmed the reputation and the dignity of the Christian Gospel Mission and its church members.
  27. ^ a b c "The poet Jung Myung-seok meets the "The Woman of Poetry" with "Speaking through Poetry."" (in Korean). News Wave. 30 Sep 2013. Archived from the original on 23 Jan 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017. Recently, Poet Jung Myung Seok's poetry collections "The Woman of Poetry" and "Speaking through Poetry" became a hot topic by being Kyobo Bookstore's best sellers. In July when these poetry books were released, the hearts of readers were captured as the books battled for the first and second place among poetry books. These poem collections are part of the author's series of "Poems of Inspiration," and were published 17 years after the second edition of the "Poem of Inspiration" in 1996. Jung Myung Seok was born in 1945 in Geumsan County, Jinsan-Myun. After appearing in the monthly "Literary Movement and Trends" in 1995, he published four volumes of "Spiritual Poem." Ten of his poems were listed in The Encyclopedia of Korean Poetry (2011), which encompasses 100 years of Korean poetry history. In addition to his poetry work, he has been studying the Bible for more than 50 years, has been a regular speaker of the Christian Gospel Mission, and has been consistently written religious books such as "The Word of Salvation," "The Word of Life," and the proverbs collection "Heavens Words, My Words" etc. In addition, he exhibited many paintings and calligraphy works both in Korea and other nations (England, France, Germany, Argentina, etc.)
  28. ^ "About Pastor Jung Myung Seok". The Official English Website Jung Myung Seok. Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 12 February 2017. Pastor Jung Myung Seok was born on March 16th, 1945 at 4am in Seongmak-ri, Jinsan-myun, Kumsan-gun, Chungchong Province, South Korea, as the third child in family of seven children.
  29. ^ "Organizational Information". Hyondae Jonggyo (in Korean). Hyondae Jonggyo. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 창교자 정명석은 1945년 2월 3일(음) 충남 금산군 진산면 석막리(월명동) 에서 부친 정팔성(1997년 사망) 과 황길례 의 6남 1녀 중 3남으로 태어났다. Religion founder Jung Myung Seok was born on 3rd Feb 1945 (lunar) in Chungnam Geumsan-Gun Jinsan-Myung Sungmak-ri (Wolmyeongdong) to Jung Pal-sung (died 1997) and Huang Kil-rye as the 3rd male out of 6 boys and 1 girl.
  30. ^ "Gregorian-Lunar Calendar Conversion Table of 1945 (Yi-you – year of the Rooster)" (PDF). The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. Hong Kong Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2017. March 16, 1945 (Gregorian) = Feb 3 1945 (Lunar)
  31. ^ "The Path Jung Myung Seok walked". 정명석.com. 정명석.com. 1953.04 진산면 읍내리 소재의 진산국민학교 입학, 1959 진산국민학교 졸업Joined Jinsan Elementary School in Jinsan-myeon and graduated from Jinsan Elementary School in 1959
  32. ^ "About Jung Myung Seok". The Official English Site of Jung Myung Seok. Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 12 February 2017. Pastor Jung Myung Seok started believing in God's existence at a young age of six. Being born in a village where the Christian gospel has not been preached to, he came to believe in Jesus when a christian elementary school started to share the gospel with the children in class. After which, Christian missionaries came to distribute free bibles to each household in Songmak-ri. That was when he first started to read the bible.
  33. ^ "The Path walked by Jung Myung Seok". 정명석.com. Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 1959 미국 남장로교 선교사(William A.Linton, 인돈)으로부터 세례. 1959, Baptized by American Presbytarian Missionary (William A. Linton)
  34. ^ "Pastor Jung Myung Seok's Life". JMS Mentor. Taiwan Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 19 歲時擔任石幕教會的主日學老師 19years old, Sunday School teacher of Sukmak Church
  35. ^ "Life Journey". The Christian Gospel Mission Official Site (in Korean). Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 15 살부터산기도를 했다. 힘겨운 삶이 깨우쳐 준 인생문제를 해결하고 싶었다. 낮에는 부모를 도와 농사일을, 밤이면 대둔산과 폐광에 들어가 성경을 읽고 또 읽으며기도했다. From the age of 15, he began to pray in the mountains. He yearned to solve his life problems and be liberated from his arduous life. He would help his parents with farming during the day, and at night he would go to Daedun mountain and abandoned mines to read the bible and pray.
  36. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. p. 10. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 정명석 – 1 소대 2분대 소속(병사), M76 유탄발사기 사수, 본진 파월 및 재파월, 충남 금산 출생Jung Myung-seok – 1st Platoon 2nd Squad (Soldier), M76 Grenade Launcher Marksman, Sent to Vietnam and was again sent to Vietnam, Born Chungnam Geumsan
  37. ^ a b c "ROK Marine Corps Vietnam War and the Stories that Remain". 백마부대현황 White Horse Unit Status (in Korean). ROK Marine Corps. Archived from the original on 12 Feb 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 정부는 1966년 2월 22일, 남베트남 정부의 수상 응웬까오끼(Nguyen Cao Ky) 소장으로부터 1개 전투사단의 추가 파병을 요청하는 공한(公翰)을 접수하는 한편, 이날 방한한 험프리(Humphrey) 미 부통령으로부터 이를 뒷받침하는 내용의 요청을 받았다. 이에 정부는 주월 한국군사령부의 의견과 남베트남 및 미국 정부의 요청을 검토한 결과 '전투부대의 증파 동의안(同意案)'을 마련하여 3월 20일, 국회 본회의에 상정하여 동의(찬성 95, 반대 27, 기권 3)를 얻었다. 이에 따라 정부는 국방부 장관의 지시로 육군본부 주관하에 전투부대 증파를 위한 일반계획을 수립하였으며, 국방부 장관은 6월 1일 "제9사단을 파월부대로 지명하였다"는 사실을 공식 발표하였다. 한편 파월부대로 선정된 제9사단은 사단장 이소동... 1966년 8월27일 중앙청 광장에서 환송식을 갖고 출범한 보병 제9사단 백마부대는 On February 22, 1966, the government received a letter requesting further dispatch of one combat division from the head of Nguyen Cao Ky, the Minister of Government of South Vietnam, while Humphrey (Humphrey) ) I received a request from the Vice President of the United States to support this. As a result of reviewing the requests of the South Korean military commanders and the request of the South Vietnamese and US governments, the government prepared a "consent order" for the combat troops and proposed to the plenary session on March 20, 27, abstention 3). Accordingly, the government established a general plan for the deployment of combat troops under the direction of the army headquarters under the direction of the Minister of Defense, and the Minister of Defense officially announced on June 1, "The 9th Division has been appointed as the force to be sent to Vietnam... On the 27th of August, 1966, the 9th Infantry Infantry Division, which was launched with a farewell ceremony, departed from Busan 3-dong"
  38. ^ Larsen, Stanley (1985). Allied Participation in Vietnam. Department of the Army. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4102-2501-6.
  39. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. p. 116. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 차이산에서 적의 총구가 정명석 일병 가슴을 노리다. At Chai Mountain, the enemy points a gun at Jung Myung Seok's chest
  40. ^ http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/star/images/107/1070204003.pdf
  41. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. pp. 119–121. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  42. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. pp. 134–136. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. =그때 잡아 놓은 두 포로 중에 정명석 일병이 잡아 온 한 포로는...그때가 점심먹을 시간이었는데 비교적 우리 쪽에 순순했던 포로에게 편장을 보게 한후, 완강히 버텼던 그 포로를 누을 가려 애전 고구마밭에 세워놓고는 그대로 크레모아로 날려버렸습니다.... One of the two prisoners captured was by Private Jung Myung Seok... It was lunch time, the prisoner was blown up by a claymore like he was beaten in the tapioca fields. The disgusting smell of blood filled the air... Jung Myung Seok later found out that the prisoner that the Platoon Commander Son killed with a claymore was in fact his prisoner.
  43. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. p. 40. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 정명석 상병이 잡은 포로는 우연치고는 괴이하리만큼 콕 찍은 연대장 당번병이었기에 그 포로를 산채로 잡지 않았더를 낱낱이 밝혀낼 수있었다. 만약에 그 포로를 산채로 잡지 않았더라면 홍길동 작전 후에도 그곳이 월맹군 연대본부가 주둔했던 곳이 었는지를 얼른 알아채지못했을 것이고 그 결과 그곳으로부터 사방으로 숨어드는 적들의 기습에 꽤나 곤란한 처지에 놓였을 게 틀림없었다 At that time, we had to kill all the enemies that we encountered in our way according to the situation and humanistic thoughts, but surprisingly, a captive (or prisoner) that Corporal Jung Myung Seok captured was the orderly of a regimental commander, which was too peculiar to believe that it was just a coincidence. Because of the captive, we were able to find out the information about the area in detail. If Jung did not capture the captive alive, even after the Hong Gil Dong operation, we weren't able to notice quickly that that area was the place where the regimental headquarters of the Vietnamese troop was stationed, and as a result of that, we must have fallen into a quite difficult situation since the enemies who sneaked in and hid everywhere from that place could have ambushed us.
  44. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. p. 34. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. "상황이 아무리 그래도 한번 잡은 포로를 다시 죽인다면 제게도 안 좋고 우리 소대에도 안 좋습니다. 그러니 죽이지 말고 연대로 후송해서 정보를 빼내는 게 더 가치 있을 것입니다. 소대장님이 한 번 물어 보세요. 여기서 뭘 하고 있었느지." Jung said to the platoon commander (Choi Hee Nam),"It would not be good in any circumstances for our platoon to kill the captured prisoner. Instead, let us not kill him but send the prisoner to the regiment to get news
  45. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. pp. 37–38. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 나는 정명석 상병이 포로를 살려주기를 간절히 바라는 것을 알고 헬리콥터를 불러 연대로 후송보내기로 결정했다. 나중에 들려온 소식에 의하면 그 포로가 연대장 당번병 했다는 것과 3중대 우리 1소대가 치고 들어간 곳이 월 맹군 95연대본부로 4대대와 5대대의 본부가 같은 곳에 있었다는 것도 정확히 확인이 되었다고 했다. 따라서 홍길동 작전 중 하이라이트는 우리 1소대 병력이 월맹군 95연대본부를 박살낸 것이 단연 으뜸이었다. Because of Corporal Jung Myung Seok's pleading, I (Choi Hee Nam) decided to call for a helicopter and send the prisoner to the headquarters. Later on, I heard news that the prisoner was the orderly of the Regiment Commander, and that our 3rd Company 1st Platoon had entered what was the 95th Regiment 4th and 5th Battalion headquarters. Following that, one of the highlights of Operation Hong-Kil-Dong was our how with our 1st Platoon's military strength we were able to decisively shatter the Vietnamese 95th Regiment Headquarters.
  46. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. p. 262. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 정명석 전우가 1차 뤼국한 때는 1967년 9월 중순이 틀림 없다. Comrade Jung Myung Seok 1st return to Korea was in mid September 1967.
  47. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. pp. 448–449. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 그리고 정명석 전우가 귀국했을 때부터 재파월 할 때까지, 그러니까 정명석 전우가 베트남에 없을 때는 28대 3중대에서 엄청나게 많은 숫자가 전사했다는 것은 눈여겨볼 대목입니다. From the time Comrade Jung Myung seok returned to Korea and till he returned to vietnam for the 2nd time, the time when Comrade Jung was not around in Vietnam, 3rd company suffered heavy losses. 더군다나 극명한 것은 정명석 전우가 재파월 한 지 두 달 남짓 후 첫 작전인 도깨비 6호 작전이 붙었는데 이때 우리 3중대는 전사자가 전무했을 뿐만 아니라, 찰과상 입었다는 전우조차 한명 없었습니다. 오히려 그토록 용맹하다던 월맹군 대대 병력이 바보가 되어버렸다는 것을 다시 한 번 생각해 볼 일입니다. The more amazing fact is after Comrade Jung Myung Seok returned, at 6th Do-Ggae-Bi operation there were no losses, moreover there was not even a comrade who suffered a scratch. Instead, the vietnamese military who were once so brave lost their morale and became like fools. 나름대로 개인 기록을 남기려고 당시 제3중대장으로 저와 함께 근무한 적이 있던 정연우 장군님께 도움을 여청한 적이 있습니다. 장군님께서 답신으로 제게 연하장을 한장 보내주셨는데 거기에 기록한 내용은 다음과 같았습니다. After I returned to Korea, in order to leave my personal record, I had helped General Jeong Yeon-woo, who had worked with me as the 3rd General Commander at that time. The general replied that he sent me a new greeting card, which was written as follows. 1967 10월 닌호아 ('닌호아 전투'때 월맹군이 닌호아에 들어와 해방 구를 만들어버림. 화기소대원 절반 전사) 1967 October Ninh hoa (During the 'Ninh Hoa battlefield' period, vietnamese military entered ning-hoa and established control. Firearms Platoon had half their men killed. 1968년 2월 12일 혼바산 (3중대 1소대원 3명 전사. 바로 그 다을 날3중대 2소대 2분대장 신화현 하사 전사. 같은 자리에서 같은 분대원 김도현병장 중사) 1968 Feb 12th Hon-ba Mountain (3rd Company 1st Platoon suffered 3 deaths. The next day, 3rd Company 2nd Platoon 2nd Squad's Shin Hwa Hyeon Staff Sergeant got killed. 1968년 4월 6일 도깨비 6호 작전 (정명석 병장 2월 18일 재파월 한 호로, 3중대 1소대에서 가장 많은 전과를 올림) 1968 April 6th DDo Gae Bi 6th Operation (After Jung Myung Seok's Feb 18th re-enlistement, 3rd Company 1st Platoon achieved great military achievements.)
  48. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. p. 449. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 게다가 정명석 병장이 1968년 2월 18일 다시 재파월 했을 때… Corporal Jung Myung Seok returned to Korea on 18 Feb 1968... 그러나 정명석 병장이 재파월 한후인 1968년 4월 6일 도깨비 6호 작전때는 3주대 전우 중 어느 한 사람도 전사자가 발생하지 않은것은 물론 부상당한 사람 한 명 나오지 않았습니다. 오히려 이때는 3중대 1소대가 가장 많은 전과를 오렸습니다. However, after Corporal Jung Myung Seok returned to Vietnam, there were no deaths or casualties during the 6th Operation Do-Gae-Bi, which took place from 6 April 1968. As a result, 3rd Company 1st platoon achieved military successes.
  49. ^ "Jung Myung Seok - President of Christian Gospel Mission". No. August 2005. Sisa News Journal. Sisa News Journal. August 2005. pp. 34–52. Retrieved 13 February 2017. President Jung entered the military at a young age and served two tours of duty in Vietnam. He tells us that it was during those times that he realized the terror of death and the meaninglessness of life. He felt it deep down in his bones. He also confesses that the reason he was able to survive so many harrowing, life threatening, experiences was because of God's protection. That is what led him to decide to live only for God. There, on the crossroads of death and life, he found the true meaning of life. resident Jung, who was determined to share the teachings of God with the world, saw the young people in the 70's and 80's lost and wandering as a result of losing their sense of value. He realized that he needed to save these people. In the midst of the gunfire in Vietnam, he heard a voice from God that told him to love lives and realised that in order for our society to live, we must save our young people. That has become the direction of his ministry.
  50. ^ 최Choi, 희남Hee-nam (2010). 나의 푸른날: 베트남 전쟁터에서My Blue Days: In the Vietnam Battlefield. South Korea: Dabit Publishers. p. 460. ISBN 9788991615021. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 나중에 알고 보니, 정명석 전우가 그 당시 쌀 270가마나 되는 돈을 들인데다 거기에 파월했을 때 모아 두었던 돈까지 모조리 긁어모아 제가 찾아갔던 바로 전해인 1971년 6월 20일에 지금의 석막교회를 지었던 겁니다. Later I found out that Comrade Jung Myung Seok had earned 270 sacks of rice worth of money during his Vietnam war service, and used that money to build what is today's Sukmak Church Building on 20 June 1971.
  51. ^ Luca 1997, pp. 14–: "On y apprend que JMS est un ancien adepte de la ‘secte Moon’".
  52. ^ Luca, Nathalie (March 2002). "After the Moon sect: South Korea and indoctrination through the sacred game of football". CNRS. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
  53. ^ Sakurai 2007b: "1975-77年の間に統一教（統一教会）に関わった。そのために、摂理の教義は統一教会の教義とかなり似通ったものになっている。(From 1975 to 1978 he was involved with the Unification Church. For this reason, Providence's teachings resemble the Unification Church quite closely.)"
  54. ^ "Christian Gospel Mission President Jung Myung Seok endeavors to spread the real truth" (in Korean). Headline News. June 2005. pp. 130–131. Archived from the original on 15 Feb 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017. 33세 되던 해인 1978년 1월, 수도생활을 마치고 하산한 정 총재는 그 해 5월말 그동안 하늘로부터 받은 말씀들을 집대성한 노트 원본들과 1천2백 장 도표를 싸 짊어지고 상경해 젊은 청년들을 중심으로 선교에 매진하였다. When he became 33 years old in January 1978, Chairman Jung wrapped up his ascetic life in the mountains and came down. He compiled the original notes that he wrote down from the Word that he received from the Heavens and made 1,200 pages of charts for months. That year, at the end of May, he packed the notes and the charts, went to Seoul, and devoted his ministry to evangelizing youths.
  55. ^ a b Cheung Chi-fai (July 31, 2003). "Wanted cult leader may be repatriated to South Korea". South China Morning Post. Retrieved March 1, 2014. Mr Jung founded the so-called Ae-Chun Church in 1980 and it became affiliated with the Methodist Church. The church was later expelled from the Christian body and he changed its name to the International Christian Association. Mr Jung also wrote the '30 lessons', which criticise Christian teachings and beliefs and end with his adopting the role of Jesus Christ at the second coming.
  56. ^ 監禁、傷害での立件視野]. "世界基督教統一神霊協会（統一教会）を脱会した韓国人の鄭明析教祖が１９８０年ごろに設立した宗教集団 [Foreseeable indictment on confinement and bodily harm]. Chunichi Shinbun (in Japanese). February 17, 2007. Archived from the original on February 25, 2007. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  57. ^ a b "The Christian Gospel Mission". Christian Gospel Mission Official Website (in Korean). Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 13 February 2017. 1990.09 신학원 개원 밑 입학식 Seminary School Opening and Entrance Event
  58. ^ "About Wolmyeongdong". The Official English Site of Wolmyeongdong. Christian Gospel Mission. Retrieved 13 February 2017. Wolmyeongdong (Wolmyeong Dong) is God's Natural Temple. It is a place Pastor Jung Myung Seok has been developing together with his disciples since 1989. With dedication and love, he endeavored to make a temple in nature where numerous believers can gather and worship God.
  59. ^ a b c d "Jung Myung Seok - President of Christian Gospel Mission". No. August 2005. Sisa News Journal. Sisa News Journal. August 2005. pp. 34–52. Retrieved 13 February 2017. Wolmyeongdong Conference Center, which is located in Jinsan-myon of Choong-nam Geumsan-kun, is a place that is like the umbilical cord for the Christian Gospel Mission. Even as late as the early 1900's the region was an abandoned remote mountain village that people rarely visited. Now, the numbers of members who visit every year are staggering. It has been transformed into a place visited by hundreds of thousands of people per year. In the summertime the conference center hosts all types of performances. It also serves as a venue for sporting events as well as a place to improve one's physical health. In the wintertime it is possible sled and ski along with many other types of winter activities. For that reason, the conference center is considered by members to be a natural resting place for all seasons.
  60. ^ Kim Myeong-yeok (15 Oct 2013). "A Milestone in the History of Christianity" (in Korean). Environment, Civil Defence, Police News(환경소방경찰신문). p. 8. Archived from the original on 2 Feb 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017. On October 3, 2013 at 11am, I visited the Christian Gospel Mission located at 65-21 Wolmyeongdong, Seokmak-ri, Jinsan-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, to cover a story. Upon entering the mountainous region, I was surprised by the well-organized facilities and buildings on this large area of land that was about 991,735m2 . Officials of the church were explaining their doctrines to members who were visiting from all regions. The listeners appeared sincere. I unexpectedly met notable people there: Han Wha-Gab, the President of the Foundation for East and West Cooperation, the former member of the Peace and Democracy Party and the Democratic Party; So Won-Sook, the President of the head office of the International central association for law; Choi Young-Wook, the former Professor of Sungkyul Christian University, Oh Gyo-Han, Professor of Danguk University; Jung Myeong-Ho, the President of the institute of Deoknan Cultural Heritage Studies; Yi Young-In, the head of the Beijing Museum in China. The Wolmyeongdong retreat center is the Natural Temple built by President Jung Myung Seok along with CGM members. The Natural Temple was constructed over 10 years. It has become an international tourist attraction with hundreds of thousands of visitors from home and abroad vising every year. Summer retreats are held every year when young people come to train their minds and bodies. Also, annual flower festivals and rock festivals are held every spring and autumn, with its beautiful natural scenery.
  61. ^ a b Seoul Education Broadcast. "2013 Seoul Literature Award Winner: Poet Jung Myung Seok". Seoul Literature Publications (in Korean). Seoul Education Broadcast. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 한국 문학계에서 문학의 역사책으로 알려진 한국시 대사전이 있다. 한국시 대사전 증보판에 정명석 시인이 공식적으로 등재된 바 있다. 한국시 대사전 증보판 2717쪽을 살펴보면 정명석 시인에 대해서 좀 더 친근하고 진실하게 알 수 있어 보인다. Within Korean literary circles, there is a history book of literature known as The Encyclopedia of Korean Poetry. Poet Jung is officially registered in the 2011 edition of The Encyclopedia of Korean Poetry. On page 2717, readers can learn about him in a more detailed and genuine way. 정명석 시인에 대한 다양한 이해관계자들이 있겠지만, 문학적인 관점에서 정명석 시인은 시어들이 독특하고, 현재 문학장르에서 '시(詩)'는 이미 죽은 것으로 판결되어가고 있는 시점에, 정명석 시인은 소설과 수필 분야 보다는 오직 '시(詩)'에 몰입하여, 수천편의 시를 이미 썼고, 그 중에서 선별하여 올해 2권을 출판한 것이다. 앞으로 보이지 않는 곳에서 한알의 밀알이 되는 더 많은 시인들이 탄생함으로 한국문학에서 쓰러져가는 시문학이 다시 부활하길 기대하는 마음으로 정명석 시인을 '2013 가장 아름다운 인물'로 선정한다. There are many people who have different views towards Jung. However, from a literary point of view, the diction Jung uses in his poems is unique, and at this time when poetry is already being considered a dead literary genre, Jung has engrossed himself in only writing poetry instead of essays or novels and has written thousands of poems thus far. Among those poems, he selected some of his works and published them into two books. In the future, we hope that more budding poets will be born from many other places so that poetry will resurrect again from its current state of depression in Korean literature. With that anticipation, we have nominated poet Jung Myung Seok as The Most Beautiful Person in 2013.
  62. ^ a b "Poet Jung Myung Seok officially chosen as a poet in Korea's 100 years of poetry" (in Korean). News Wave. Archived from the original on 14 Feb 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017. 이 책에서는 정 시인이 세상 만물의 본질을 조물주의 창조법칙 관점에서 바라보고 있음을 평가하고, 하늘과 땅을 하나로 묶는 승화된 사랑을 표출하고 있는 시세계를 지니고 있음을 간파하고 있다. 정 시인은 이후 詩作의 고삐를 늦추지 않고 매월 3~5편의 시를 발표, 지금까지 3000여 편의 방대한 시를 내놓은 것으로 알려졌으며, 신앙생활을 통해 받은 지혜의 잠언 3만여 개를 남긴 가운데 이중 6000 잠언을 책(하늘말 내말) 6권으로 발간했다. The book made the evaluation that Poet Jung views the essence of nature from the perspective of the Creator's law of creation. He was also described as someone who binds the love of Heaven and Earth through his world of poetry.Since then, Poet Jung has never slackened in his writing of poetry as he releases between three to five poems every month. He has now released around 3,000 poems.
  63. ^ Kim Su-jung (16 Dec 2013). "UN Secretary Generation Ban Ki Moon wins "2013 Most Beautiful Person" Peace Contribution Award" (in Korean). News Today. Archived from the original on 26 Jan 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017. 반기문 UN사무총장, '가장 아름다운 인물'서 평화공헌상 선정 UN Secretary Generation Ban Ki Moon wins "2013 Most Beautiful Person" Peace Contribution Award 2013 가장 아름다운 인물 11명이 선정됐다. 서울교육방송과 한국대학방송이 함께 주최한 이번 2013 가장 아름다운 인물들에는 각 분야 다양한 인물들이 추천됐고, 주최측은 엄격한 심사기준을 마련하여 2주동안 심사를 실시했다. The 11 "Most Beautiful People" were selected. The most beautiful characters of 2013, sponsored by Seoul Education Broadcasting and Korea University Broadcasting, were recommended by various people in each field. The organizers prepared the strict examination criteria and conducted the examination for two weeks. 서울문학상 정명석 시인  Seoul Literature Prize Jung Myung-seok {{cite news}}: no-break space character in |quote= at position 305 (help)
  64. ^ Jung Myung Seok. ""Happiness Comes" Poetry book by Jung Myung Seok". Kyobo Bookstore Online. South Korea: Myeong-Mun. Archived from the original on 14 Feb 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017. 『행복은 온다』는 정명석 시인이 삼 년여 만에 새로 내놓은 다섯 번째 시집이다. 이 책에는 총 77편의 시와 그림이 <그리움>, <인생과 바람>, <마음 다해>라는 세 가지 주제로 나뉘어 수록돼 있다. 간결하고 순수한 언어로 이 세상부터 저 세상까지를 관통하는, 경구 같은 지혜의 시편들이다. 비유적 수사를 통해 신의 섭리를 은밀히 드러내기도 하고 감추기도 하면서 '인생' 이야기를 하고 있다. 시인이 50여 년간 성서를 연구하고 수많은 역경과 수난을 겪으면서 깨달은 삶의 비밀들이기도 하다. 무엇보다 '영원한 사랑'을 마음 다해 추구하는 시인의 모습은 유한한 물질세계와 순간의 쾌락에 도취된 현시대에 경종을 울린다. 이 책을 읽는 이들은 시인이 찾은 진정한 희망을 함께 발견하고 행복해하며, 영혼의 빛을 얻게 될 것이다. "Happiness is coming" is the fifth poem by the poet Jung Myung-seok who has just been released in three years. In this book, 77 poems and paintings are divided into three themes: <longing>, <life and wind> and <heart>. They are psalms of wisdom that pass from this world to the world in a simple and pure language. Through a figurative rhetoric, he reveals the providence of God in secret, and conceals the story of 'life'. The poet has been studying the Bible for over fifty years and experiencing numerous adversities and passions, and these are the secrets of life that he realized. Above all, the figure of a poet who pursues "eternal love" with his mind resonates with the world of finite material and the moment of the moment. Those who read this book will find the true hope of the poet together, be happy, and gain the light of the soul.
  65. ^ "2013 Seoul Literature Award Winner: Poet Jung Myung Seok". Seoul Literature Publications. Seoul Education Broadcast. Archived from the original on 25 Jan 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 태어나자마자 정명석 시인은 죽음을 직면했다. 면역력이 없는 아이는 숨을 쉬지 않는다. 그 다음날 방구석에 아이는 고열에 시달린채 보자기에 덮여있었다. 밤에 몰래 뒷산에 묻기 위해 어머니는 기다린다. 10달의 산고로 낳은 셋째 아들 얼굴을 마지막으로 보려고 보자기를 내리니 딱 그때 아이는 눈을 떴다. 울지도 않는다. 정명석 시인은 그렇게 3일을 보냈다.Even at birth, Jung faced death. Because of his lack of immunity as a baby, he stopped breathing due to a certain disease. During that time, he had become unresponsive. His mother thought he had died after suffering from his high fever, so she laid him down at the corner of the room and covered him with a cloth. His mother was waiting for night to come so that she could try burying him discreetly at the back mountain. She wanted to see her son for the last time, the one whom she had given birth to with labor pains after 10 months, so she peered through the blanket. At that moment, he suddenly opened his eyes again. He wasn't even crying. Jung spent three days like that. 정명석 시인의 모든 시가 생명과 직결된 이유가 그의 어린 시절때문일까? 죽음을 너무 일찍 경험한 정명석 시인은 청소년기를 겪으면서 인생의 깊은 세계를 혼자 경험한다. 그러다 월남전에 참전하면서 생명의 가치성과 인생의 허무와 하나님의 근본된 세계를 스스로 체휼함으로 깨닫는다. 실날같은 어머니의 사랑이 얼굴을 보려고 보자기를 내려서 살게 된 정명석 시인의 그 생명을 향한 애착은 곧 사랑이다. 정명석 시인의 시가 좋은 이유는 간절함 때문이다. 그리움에 대한 절절함은 그의 시 깊은 곳에 흔적처럼 묻어난다. 꽃을 보면 꽃향기가 말을 하듯 그의 시는 시의 향기를 풍긴다. 시의 여인으로 출판된 영감의 시 제3집은 참으로 아름다운 작품들을 담고 있었다. 정명석 시인에 대해서 알려면 작품이 작가를 말하듯 시의 작품들을 직접 읽어보는 것이 가장 빠르고 진실한 길이리라. Could the reason all his poetry is directly connected to life perhaps be because of what had happened in his childhood? Since he had experienced death at such a young age, during his adolescence, he often pondered deeply in solitude about life. Later on, while serving in the Vietnam War, he realized the value of life, the futility of life, and the fundamental world of God through first-hand experiences. He was able to live because of his mother's love, which had compelled her to peer through the blanket to see her son's face one last time, and so his affinity towards lives also stems from love. The reason Jung's poems are so good lies within their earnestness. His unquenchable earnestness towards what he is yearning for is carved deep into his poems like markings. When you see a flower, you can know about it by its fragrance. In the same way, all his poems give off a certain fragrance. Vol. 3 of his Poems of Inspiration titled, The Woman of Poetry, contained truly beautiful pieces. In order to understand the poet Jung Myung Seok, just as a work of art tells something about its author, reading his poetry yourself is the fastest and the most genuine way to get to know him.
  66. ^ Oh Ha-neul (12 March 2014). "Christian Gospel Mission holds an exhibition of paintings by President Jung Myung Seok" (in Korean). News Kyong-Nam. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017. 정명석 총재는 그동안 국내뿐만 아니라 영국, 프랑스, 독일, 아르헨티나 등에서 그림과 서예 작품 다수를 전시하면서 예술 활동을 활발하게 펼쳐 왔다. 그는 1995년 월간 <문예사조>를 통해 등단해 시인으로도 활동해 왔으며 지난해 7월에 발간된 시집『시의 여인』과 『시로 말한다』는 베스트셀러가 되기도 했다. 한국 시문학 100년사를 총망라한 <한국 시 대사전>(2011)에 시 10편이 등재되어 있기도 하다. 주요 저서로는 <구원의 말씀>, 설교집 <생명의 말씀>, 잠언집 <하늘말 내말>이 있다. President Jung Myung Seok has been active in his artistic activities by exhibiting his calligraphy and a number of his paintings in this nation as well as in England, France, Germany and Argentina. In 1995, he began his literary career with a publication in the monthly magazine, Literary Movements and Trends, and became a published poet. His books of poetry, The Woman of Poetry and Speaking through Poetry, which were both published last July, have also become best sellers. Ten of his poems have been registered in The Encyclopedia of Korean Poetry (2011), which covers 100 years of the history of Korean poetry. His biggest works of literature are The Word of Salvation, his sermon collections "The Message of Life" and his proverbs book, Heaven's Word, My Word.
  67. ^ Jung Myung Seok (22 Jan 2014). "Heaven's Words, My Words: Proverbs with Drawings 1" (in Korean). Myung Publisher. ISBN 9788991459151. Archived from the original on 24 Jan 2017.
  68. ^ Jung Myung Seok (8 July 2016). Lamplight of the Sun (in Korean). Gae-Jung Publisher. ISBN 9791195506231. Archived from the original on 24 Jan 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  69. ^ Jung Myung Seok (25 Dec 1998). The Message of Life (in Korean). Myung Publisher. ISBN 9788986813067. Archived from the original on 24 Jan 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  70. ^ "Jung Myung Seok President of Christian Gospel Mission". Sisa News. August 2005. Archived from the original on 2 Feb 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017. There are tens of thousands of books in the world but not one is properly written about salvation. That is why he wrote the book on salvation. It took 6 years to write. He concluded, "Salvation is the only thing I can write about. If people receive salvation, they will go to heaven and avoid hell." The salvation book is the book that he wrote as a result of those realizations.
  71. ^ "Poet Jung Myung Seok officially chosen as a poet in Korea's 100 years of poetry" (in Korean). News Wave. 7 June 2006. Archived from the original on 13 Feb 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017. 정 시인은 이후 詩作의 고삐를 늦추지 않고 매월 3~5편의 시를 발표, 지금까지 3000여 편의 방대한 시를 내놓은 것으로 알려졌으며, 신앙생활을 통해 받은 지혜의 잠언 3만여 개를 남긴 가운데 이중 6000 잠언을 책(하늘말 내말) 6권으로 발간했다. Since then, Poet Jung has never slackened in his writing of poetry as he releases between three to five poems every month. He has now released around 3,000 poems. He has written around 30,000 proverbs of wisdom that he received through his life of faith and, among them, 6,000 proverbs were published in six books (Heaven's Words, My Words).
  72. ^ "Jung's Painting". The Official English Site of Jung Myung Seok. 21 Feb 2017. Retrieved 21 Feb 2017. Jung Myung Seok has been active in his artistic activities and exhibits his calligraphy and paintings under his pen name "Cheon Bo" in South Korea, as well as in England, France, Germany and Argentina.
  73. ^ ROMÁN GARCÍA AZCÁRATE (15 July 2011). "Arteclásica 2011: diversa y plural" (in Spanish). Clarin News. Archived from the original on 27 Jan 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017. El sector Meeting Cultures reúne ahora imágenes realizadas por artistas de Corea del Sur, luego de haberlo hecho en otras ocasiones con autores de Japón, Taiwán, los países del área postsoviética, África occidental, Tailandia y Medio Oriente, distantes de nuestro conocimiento en el campo de la realización plástica. Mundialmente reconocido, Choen Bo se destaca entre los artistas de su delegación que muestran sus cuadros en Arteclásica 2011. The Meeting Culture section now includes paintings made by artists from South Korea, after other occasions with artists from Japan, Taiwan, the countries of the post-Soviet area, West Africa, Thailand and the Middle East. Worldwide renowned, Choen Bo stands out among the artists of his delegation who show their paintings in Arteclásica 2011.
  74. ^ a b "ARTECLASICA VUELVE DE LA MANO DE 700 ARTISTAS LOCALES E INTERNACIONA". Terra News. 9 July 2011. Archived from the original on 31 Jan 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017. En el predio de 800 metros cuadrados, distribuidos en dos pabellones y un hall central dedicado a la presentación exclusiva de proyectos institucionales, se podrá ver, entre numerosas propuestas, la obra del surcoreano Choen Bo y de los 15 finalistas de la segunda edición del Gran Premio de Pintura Centro Costa Salguero, elegidos entre 350 participantes. (English Translation) In the 800 square meters building, distributed in two pavilions and a central hall dedicated to the exclusive presentation of institutional projects, you will be able to see, among many proposals, the work of the South Korean Choen Bo and the 15 finalists of the second edition of the Great Prize of Painting Center Costa Salguero, chosen from 350 participants.
Bibliography
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Category:1945 births Category:South Korea Category:Christianity Category:Christianity in South Korea Category:Christian new religious movements


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