User:Augustios Paleo/New sandbox2

Augustios Paleo/New sandbox2; Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 74 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Reconstructed skeletons
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	†Pterosauria
Suborder:	†Pterodactyloidea
Clade:	†Azhdarchoidea
Genus:	†Montanazhdarcho; Padian, de Ricqlès & Horner, 1995
Type species
	†Montanazhdarcho minor; Padian, Ricqlès & Horner, 1995

Montanazhdarcho is a genus of azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous period (Campanian stage) of what is now the state of Montana, United States. Montanazhdarcho is known from only one species, M. minor.

Discovery

Holotype pectoral girdle and left forelimb

The holotype specimen, MOR 691 (Museum of the Rockies), was found by Robert W. Harmon in Glacier County, in the territory of the Blackfoot, in sandstone of the Upper Two Medicine Formation, a layer about 74 million years old. The genus name Montanazhdarcho was first given informally in 1993 by Kevin Padian, Armand de Ricqlès, and Jack Horner.^[1] It was then named formally in 1995 by the same researchers,^[2] and was fully described in 2002.^[3]

The type species is Montanazhdarcho minor. The generic name refers to the state of Montana and to the related species Azhdarcho. The specific name means "the smaller one" in Latin, a reference to the relatively small size in comparison to closely related forms.

Description

Montanazhdarcho was a relatively small pterosaur, reaching 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in wingspan.^[4] The fossil is largely uncompressed and that of an adult exemplar, as established by a study of the bone by de Ricqlès. It consists of a partial left wing, lacking the outer three wing finger phalanges, a complete shoulder girdle, a crushed cervical vertebra and two fragments of the symphysis of the mandible. The jaws were edentulous, i.e. they lacked teeth.^[1]^[2]

Classification

Montanazhdarcho was by the authors assigned to the Azhdarchidae, mainly based on the elongated form of the neck vertebra. Compared to other azhdarchids however, it was small; the fragments of humerus, radius, and carpal suggest an animal with a 2.5 m (8.2 ft) wingspan. Its ulna was longer than the wing metacarpal, which is atypical for azhdarchids. In addition to this, a phylogenetic study in 2015 has disagreed to its phylogenetic position, and reassigned Montanazhdarcho as a non-azhdarchid azhdarchoid.^[5] However, in 2018, Nicholas Longrich and colleagues had recovered Montanazhdarcho within the Azhdarchidae again, though placed in the basalmost position.^[4] Their phylogenetic analysis is shown below:

Azhdarchidae

Montanazhdarcho

Azhdarcho

	Phosphatodraco

	Aralazhdarcho

Eurazhdarcho

aff. Quetzalcoatlus

Zhejiangopterus

	Arambourgiania

	Hatzegopteryx

	Quetzalcoatlus

References

^ ^a ^b Padian, K.; Horner, J.R.; de Ricqlès, A.J (1993). "A new azhdarchid pterosaur from the Two Medicine Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) of Montana, identified on the basis of bone histology". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 13: 52A.
^ ^a ^b Padian, K.; de Ricqlès, A.J; Horner, J.R. (1995). "Bone histology determines identification of a new fossil taxon of pterosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria)". Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Science Serie II. 320 (1): 77–84. S2CID 132120904.
^ McGowen, M.R.; Padian, K.; de Sosa, M.A.; Harmon, R.J. (2002). "Description of Montanazhdarcho minor, an azhdarchid pterosaur from the Two Medicine Formation (Campanian) of Montana". PaleoBios. 22 (1): 1–9.
^ ^a ^b Longrich, Nicholas R.; Martill, David M.; Andres, Brian; Penny, David (2018). "Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary". PLOS Biology. 16 (3): e2001663. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663. PMC 5849296. PMID 29534059.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Carroll, Nathan (2015). "Reassignment of Montanazhdarcho minor as a non-azhdarchid member of the Azhdarchoidea". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35: 104.