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Introduction

Conrad Tockler was born in Nuremberg, Germany to a wealthy family. Coming from an affluent family, Tockler was able to attend Leipzig University at age 13.

Bloodletting is bleeding people to maintain their health.

Works

He was the author of many almanacs in German. These almanacs' main purpose was to explain the dates of the important ceremonial festivals. Another purpose of these books was to help individuals make decisions about their well-being, such as through bloodletting, which was a common practice. Bloodletting was bleeding an individual to increase their wellness. The books show that there were decisions for every day. He wrote a 1507 almanac for Leipzig that explained how to read an almanac. It included a legend. Every day of 1507 had a corresponding symbol in this almanac. There was a symbol for each phase of the moon as well as for a no or moderate amount of recommended bloodletting for each day. The almanac was published in other languages, such as Czech. This action most likely happened because numerous immigrants spoke Czech. Therefore, at first, it was difficult for many of these Czechs to live in Germany. Nevertheless, their language spread very well. Additionally, Tockler's almanacs were written in Latin. This showed that his almanacs were wanted by so many readers. Tockler's 1511 almanac in Latin has a very detailed legend, which showed that he was more knowledgeable than before. It was obvious that his almanacs were very impactful to their readers. However, it was mostly likely that some of these almanacs were demolished. It is also likely that their paper was used for other purposes. Because he helped produce similar types of works, he had good status in Leipzig, which was the highest between 1503 and 1514. His works showed that he was very intellectual because they included mathematics and astronomy. Including mathematics, it is highly probable that Tockler believed that he was mainly intellectual in medicine and astrology because he focused on them in many of his works. Later, it was clearly shown, such as by his almanacs, that his favorite field was astrological medicine. Tockler made a commentary on Perspectiva communis. This book, written by John Peckham, was about optics. Tockler's commentary included diagrams that he colored. He used Iamblichus Platonicus's studies on optics to guide his commentary. Sometime later, Tockler published two textbooks, which were about arithmetic. Arithmetic changed a lot in the late Middle Ages. Tockler's textbooks helped introduce the number theory. The number theory was taught by many universities. Even today, a lot of universities teach it. Therefore, Tockler played an important role.

Teaching

Even though music was not considered as intellectual as these other subjects, Tockler decided to still teach it for the first couple of years. For ½ or ¾ of a year, he taught geometry to his students. Additionally, he taught common perspectives for 12 to 14 weeks, and he taught music for 3 to 4 weeks. He taught astronomy, including cosmology, for 5 to 6 weeks, and he taught arithmetic for 3 to 4 weeks. Almost every semester, Tockler talked to his students about Euclid’s works.