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User:Asteramellus/States of Consciousness (Hindu Philosophy)

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In Hindu Philosophy, there are four states of consciousness: jagrat (waking), svapna (dreaming), deep sleep (sushupti), and turiya (transcendental awareness). These states of consciousness are discussed in various Upanishads, particularly the Mandukya Upanishad.

Jagrat

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Svapna

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The word svapna, etymologically related to the Greek hypnos, captures both the content and process of dreaming, reflecting a unified view. Unlike the Western distinction between subjective dream content and objective waking reality, svapna merges these aspects.[1]

Sushupti

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Sushupti literally means "deep sleep"[2], and is formed from the root svap, which means to sleep.[3] Advaita Vedanta philosophers Shankara and Suresvara argue that, during sushupti, the self remains luminous and not ignorant, emphasizing its blissful aspect.[4]

Turiya

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The fourth state (caturtha or turiya) is described, in the Mandukya Upanishad, as a special state of consciousness where one doesn't perceive things inside or outside oneself, or even both at once.[5]

References

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  1. ^ O'Flaherty 1984.
  2. ^ www.wisdomlib.org (2018-05-29). "Sushupti, Suṣupti: 14 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  3. ^ www.wisdomlib.org (2019-01-01). "Svap, Shvap: 8 definitions". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  4. ^ Fort 1980.
  5. ^ Olivelle 1998, p. 475.

Sources

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