User:Asakura Akira/Chronological list of cities in Japan
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Todo:
- Move all "new establishment mergers" to the front columns as with #7 Himeji City, so the precursors can be listed, yet a single entry for homonymous successors be maintained
- Maybe (?) add another running count excluding subsequently dissolved cites towards the current total
Notes:
- Cities # 1–40 were all established by Home Ministry ordinance in 1889, but exact date of implementation varied from prefecture to prefecture. Of these, Cities #1–36 were contained in the first Home Ministry ordinance of 1889, February 2.
- The precursors for cities established in the initial introduction of cities in 1889 (in Okinawa-ken & Hokkai-dō 1921/22) are not exact, in many cases the borders of -shi did expand (in some sections also recede) somewhat from the precursor -ku.
- The N→S column allows to sort by prefecture from North to South in the order commonly used in Japan.
- Abbreviations
- Suffix translations (only used after 1889; the ku/gun/chō/son up to 1889 are not accurately described as wards/districts/towns/villages, but rather urban/rural districts or counties/cities & urban/rural neighbourhoods/areas/subdistricts)
- C.: City (-shi)
- D.: District (-gun)
- T.: Town (-machi/-chō)
- V.: Village (-mura/-son)
- Prefix translations (mostly in district names stemming from Meiji era district partition)
- N.: North (Kita-)
- S.: South (Minami-)
- E.: East (Higashi-)
- W.: West (Nishi-)
- Cent.: Central (Naka-)
- Upp.: Upper (Kami-)
- Low.: Lower (Shimo-)
- Suffix translations (only used after 1889; the ku/gun/chō/son up to 1889 are not accurately described as wards/districts/towns/villages, but rather urban/rural districts or counties/cities & urban/rural neighbourhoods/areas/subdistricts)
# | Prefecture (-to/-dō/-fu/-ken) |
N→S | City (-shi) |
Established | from | [Dissolved] | [into] | Major city status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tokyo | Tokyo | May 1, 1889 | 15 -ku of Tokyo | July 1, 1943 (Tosei) | 35 -ku of Tokyo | One of the original "three capitals"→-ku pre-date city One of the "Six major cities" (roku-daitoshi) from 1922 | |
2 | Kyoto | Kyoto | April 1, 1889 | 2 -ku of Kyoto | – | – | One of the original "three capitals"→-ku pre-date city One of the "six major cities" (roku-daitoshi) from 1922 Designated major city since 1956 | |
3 | Osaka | Osaka | April 1, 1889 | 4 -ku of Osaka | – | – | One of the original "three capitals"→-ku pre-date city One of the "six major cities" (roku-daitoshi) from 1922 Designated major city since 1956 | |
4 | Osaka | Sakai | April 1, 1889 | Sakai-ku of Osaka | – | – | Core city from 1996 Designated major city since 2006 | |
5 | Kanagawa | Yokohama | April 1, 1889 | Yokohama-ku of Kanagawa | – | – | One of the "Six major cities" (roku-daitoshi) from 1922 Wards established in 1927 Designated major city since 1956 | |
6 | Hyōgo | Kōbe | April 1, 1889 | Kōbe-ku of Hyōgo | – | – | One of the "Six major cities" (roku-daitoshi) from 1922 Wards established in 1931 Designated major city since 1956 | |
7 | Hyōgo | Himeji (old) Himeji (new) |
April 1, 1889 March 1, 1946 |
Parts of Shikitō-gun 2 C.s, 2 T.s from Shikama D.. 1 T. & 3 V.s from Ibo D. (Himeji C. (old), Shikama C., Shirahama T., Hirohata T., Aboshi T., Ōtsu V., Katsuhara V., Amarube V.) |
– | – | Core city since 1996 | |
8 | Nagasaki | Nagasaki | April 1, 1889 | Nagasaki-ku of Nagasaki | – | – | Core city since 1997 | |
9 | Niigata | Niigata | April 1, 1889 | Niigata-ku of Niigata | – | – | Core city from 1996 Designated major city since 2007 | |
10 | Ibaraki | Mito | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Higashi-Ibaraki-gun | – | – | Special case city since 2001 | |
11 | Mie | Tsu | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Anotsu-gun | – January 1, 2006 |
– Technically: Tsu City (new) |
– | |
12 | Aichi | Nagoya | October 1, 1889 | Nagoya-ku of Aichi | – | – | Wards established in 1908 One of the "Six major cities" (roku-daitoshi) from 1922 Designated major city since 1956 | |
13 | Shizuoka | Shizuoka | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Abe- and Udo-gun | – April 1, 2003 |
– Technically: Shizuoka City (new) |
Core city from 1996/2003 Designated major city since 2005 | |
14 | Miyagi | Sendai | April 1, 1889 | Sendai-ku of Miyagi | – | – | Designated major city since 1989 | |
15 | Iwate | Morioka | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Minami-Iwate-gun | – | – | Special case city from 2000 Core city since 2008 | |
16 | Aomori | Hirosaki | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Naka-Tsugaru-gun | – February 27, 2006 |
– Technically: Hirosaki City (new) |
– | |
17 | Yamagata | Yamagata | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Minami-Murayama-gun | – | – | Special case city since 2001 | |
18 | Yamagata | Yonezawa | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Minami-Okitama-gun | – | – | – | |
19 | Akita | Akita | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Minami-Akita-gun | – | – | Core city since 1997 | |
20 | Fukui | Fukui | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Asuwa-gun | – | – | Special case city since 2000 | |
21 | Ishikawa | Kanazawa | April 1, 1889 | Kanazawa-ku of Ishikawa | – | – | Core city since 1996 | |
22 | Toyama | Toyama | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Kami-Niikawa-gun | – April 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Toyama City (new) |
Core city since 1996/2005 | |
23 | Toyama | Takaoka | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Imizu-gun | – November 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Takaoka City (new) |
– | |
24 | Shimane | Matsue | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Shimane- and Ou-gun | – March 31, 2005 |
– Technically: Matsue City (new) |
Special case city since 2012 | |
25 | Okayama | Okayama | June 1, 1889 | Okayama-ku of Okayama | – | – | Core city from 1996 Designated major city since 2009 | |
26 | Hiroshima | Hiroshima | April 1, 1889 | Hiroshima-ku of Hiroshima | – | – | Designated major city since 1980 | |
27 | Yamaguchi | Akamagaseki →Shimonoseki |
April 1, 1889 June 1, 1902 |
Akamagaseki-ku of Yamaguchi Name changed from Akamagaseki City |
– February 13, 2005 |
– Technically: Shimonoseki City (new) |
Special case city from 2002 Core city since 2005 | |
28 | Wakayama | Wakayama | April 1, 1889 | Wakayama-ku | – | – | Core city since 1997 | |
29 | Tokushima | Tokushima | October 1, 1889 | Parts of Myōdō-gun | – | – | – | |
30 | Kagawa | Takamatsu | February 15, 1890 | Parts of Kagawa-gun | – | – | Core city since 1999 | |
31 | Ehime | Matsuyama | December 15, 1889 | Parts of Onsen-gun | – | – | Core city since 2000 | |
32 | Kōchi | Kōchi | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Tosa-gun | – | – | Core city since 1998 | |
33 | Fukuoka | Fukuoka | April 1, 1889 | Fukuoka-ku of Fukuoka | – | – | Designated major city since 1972 | |
34 | Fukuoka | Kurume | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Mii-gun | – | – | Special case city from 2001 Core city since 2008 | |
35 | Kumamoto | Kumamoto | April 1, 1889 | Kumamoto-ku of Kumamoto | – | – | Core city from 1996 Designated major city since 2012 | |
36 | Kagoshima | Kagoshima | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Kagoshima-gun | – April 29, 1967 |
– Technically: Kagoshima City (new) |
Core city since 1996 | |
37 | Saga | Saga | April 1, 1889 | Parts of Saga-gun | – October 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Saga City (new) |
Special case city since 2014 | |
38 | Gifu | Gifu | July 1, 1889 | Parts of Atsumi-gun | – | – | Core city since 1996 | |
39 | Yamanashi | Kōfu | July 1, 1889 | Parts of Nishi-Yamanashi-gun | – | – | Special case city since 2000 | |
40 | Tottori | Tottori | October 1, 1889 | Parts of Ōmi-gun | – | – | Special case city since 2005 | |
41 | Gunma | Maebashi | April 1, 1892 | Maebashi Town, East Gunma District | – | – | Special case city from 2001 Core city since 2009 | |
42 | Tochigi | Utsunomiya | April 1, 1896 | Utsunomiya Town, Kawachi District | – | – | Core city since 1996 | |
43 | Nagano | Nagano | April 1, 1897 | Nagano Town, Upper Minochi District | – October 16, 1966 |
– Technically: Nagano City (new) |
Core city since 1999 | |
44 | Mie | Yokkaichi | August 1, 1897 | Yokkaichi Town, Mie District | – | – | Special case city since 2000 | |
45 | Nara | Nara | February 1, 1898 | Nara Town, Soekami District | – | – | Core city since 2002 | |
46 | Hiroshima | Onomichi | April 1, 1898 | Onomichi Town, Mitsugi District | – | – | – | |
47 | Aomori | Aomori | April 1, 1898 | Aomori Town, East Tsugaru District | – April 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Aomori City (new) |
Core city since 2006 | |
48 | Shiga | Ōtsu | October 1, 1898 | Ōtsu Town, Shiga District | – | – | Special case city from 2009 Core city since 2009 | |
49 | Fukushima | Wakamatsu | April 1, 1899 | Wakamatsu Town, North Aizu District | – January 1, 1955 |
– Technically: Aizu-Wakamatsu City (new) |
– | |
50 | Kagawa | Marugame | April 1, 1899 | Marugame Town, Naka District | – March 22, 2005 |
– Technically: Marugame City (new) |
– | |
51 | Fukuoka | Moji | April 1, 1899 | Moji Town, Kiku District | February 10, 1963 | Kitakyūshū City | – | |
52 | Fukuoka | Kokura | April 1, 1900 | Kokura Town, Kiku District | February 10, 1963 | Kitakyūshū City | – | |
53 | Gunma | Takasaki | April 1, 1900 | Takasaki Town, Gunma District | – | – | Special case city from 2001 Core city since 2011 | |
54 | Nagasaki | Sasebo | April 1, 1902 | Sasebo Village, East Sonogi District | – | – | Special case city from 2001 Core city since 2016 | |
55 | Hiroshima | Kure | October 1, 1902 | 3 Towns & 2 Villages in Aki District (Kure T., Miyahara V., Washō T., Sōyamada V., Futagawa T.) |
– | – | Special case city from 2000 Core city since 2016 | |
56 | Niigata | Nagaoka | April 1, 1906 | Nagaoka Town, Koshi District | – | – | Special case city since 2007 | |
58 | Aichi | Toyohashi | August 1, 1906 | Toyohashi Town, Atsumi District | – | – | Core city since 1999 | |
57 | Mie | Uji-Yamada →Ise |
September 1, 1906 January 1, 1955 |
Uji-Yamada Town, Watarai District Name changed from Uji-Yamada-City |
– | – | – | |
59 | Kanagawa | Yokosuka | February 15, 1907 | Yokosuka Town, Miura District | – | – | Core city since 2001 | |
60 | Fukushima | Fukushima | April 1, 1907 | Fukushima Town, Shinobu District, Fukushima | – | – | – | |
61 | Nagano | Matsumoto | May 1, 1907 | Matsumoto Town, East Chikuma District | – | – | Special case city since 2000 | |
62 | Ōita | Ōita | April 1, 1911 | Ōita Town, Ōita District | – March 10, 1963 |
– Technically: Ōita City (new) |
Core city since 1997 | |
63 | Shizuoka | Hamamatsu | July 1, 1911 | Hamamatsu Town, Hamana District | – April 1, 2007 |
– Technically: Hamamatsu City (new) |
Core city from 1996 Designated major city since 2007 | |
64 | Niigata | Takada | September 1, 1911 | Takada Town, Central Kubiki District | April 29, 1974 | Jōetsu City | – | |
65 | Fukuoka | Wakamatsu | April 1, 1914 | Wakamatsu Town, Onga District | February 10, 1963 | Kitakyūshū City | – | |
66 | Hyōgo | Amagasaki | April 1, 1916 | Amagasaki Town, Kawabe District (+ parts of Tachibana V.) |
– April 1, 1936 |
– Technically: Amagaseki City (new) |
Special case city from 2001 Core city since 2009 | |
67 | Aichi | Okazaki | July 1, 1916 | Okazaki Town, Nukata District | – | – | Core city since 2003 | |
68 | Hiroshima | Fukuyama | July 1, 1916 | Fukuyama Town, Fukayasu District | – May 1, 1966 |
– Technically: Fukuyama City (new) |
Core city since 1998 | |
69 | Fukuoka | Ōmuta | March 1, 1917 | Ōmuta Town, Miike District | – | – | – | |
70 | Fukuoka | Yahata | March 1, 1917 | Yahata Town, Onga District | February 10, 1963 | Kitakyūshū City | – | |
71 | Tokyo | Hachiōji | September 1, 1917 | Hachiōji Town, South Tama District | – | – | Core city since 2015 | |
72 | Gifu | Ōgaki | April 1, 1918 | Ōgaki Town, Anpachi District | – | – | – | |
73 | Nagano | Ueda | May 1, 1919 | Ueda Town, Chiisagata District | – March 6, 2006 |
– Technically: Ueda City (new) |
– | |
74 | Hyōgo | Akashi | November 1, 1919 | Akashi Town, Akashi District | – | – | Special case city since 2002 | |
75 | Ehime | Imabari | February 11, 1920 | Imabari T. & Hiyoshi V., Ochi District | – January 16, 2005 |
– Technically: Imabari City (new) |
– | |
76 | Tochigi | Ashikaga | January 1, 1921 | Ashikaga Town, Ashikaga District | – | – | – | |
77 | Chiba | Chiba | January 1, 1921 | Chiba Town, Chiba District | – | – | Designated major city since 1992 | |
78 | Gunma | Kiryū | March 1, 1921 | Kiryū Town, Yamada District | – | – | – | |
79 | Okinawa (1946/01/29–1974/05/15 US military) |
Naha | May 20, 1921 | Naha-ku of Okinawa | – | – | Core city since 2013 | |
80 | Okinawa (1946/01/29–1974/05/15 US military) |
Shuri | May 20, 1921 | Shuri-ku of Okinawa | September 1, 1954 | Naha City | – | |
81 | Ehime | Uwajima | August 1, 1921 | Uwajima T. & Yawata V., North Uwa District | – August 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Uwajima City (new) |
– | |
82 | Aichi | Ichinomiya | September 1, 1921 | Ichinomiya Town, Nakashima District | – | – | Special case city since 2001 | |
83 | Yamaguchi | Ube | September 1, 1921 | Ube Village, Nakashima District | – | – | – | |
84 | Hokkai[-dō] | Sapporo | August 1, 1922 | Sapporo-ku of Hokkai-dō | – | – | Designated major city since 1972 | |
85 | Hokkai[-dō] | Hakodate | August 1, 1922 | Hakodate-ku of Hokkai-dō | – | – | Special case city from 2000 Core city since 2005 | |
86 | Hokkai[-dō] | Otaru | August 1, 1922 | Otaru-ku of Hokkai-dō | – | – | – | |
87 | Hokkai[-dō] | Muroran | August 1, 1922 | Muroran-ku of Hokkai-dō | – | – | – | |
88 | Hokkai[-dō] | Asahikawa | August 1, 1922 | Asahikawa-ku of Hokkai-dō | – | – | Core city since 2000 | |
89 | Hokkai[-dō] | Kushiro | August 1, 1922 | Kushiro-ku of Hokkai-dō | – | – | – | |
90 | Osaka | Kishiwada | November 1, 1922 | Kishiwada Town, Sennan [=Izumi S.] District | – April 1, 1942 |
– Technically: Kishiwada City (new) |
Special case city since 2002 | |
91 | Saitama | Kawagoe | December 1, 1922 | Kawagoe T. & Senba V., Iruma District | – | – | Core city since 2003 | |
92 | Shizuoka | Numazu | July 1, 1923 | Numazu T. & Yanagihara V., Suntō [=Suruga E.] District | – | – | Special case city since 2000 | |
93 | Shizuoka | Shimizu | February 11, 1924 | 2 Towns & 2 Villages in Abe District (Shimizu T., Irie T., Fujimi V., Miho V.) |
April 1, 2003 | Shizuoka City | Special case city from 2001 | |
94 | Miyazaki | Miyazaki | April 1, 1924 | 2 Towns & 1 Village in Miyazaki District (Miyazaki T., Ōyodo T., Ōmiya V.) |
– | – | Core city since 1998 | |
95 | Miyazaki | Miyakonojō | April 1, 1924 | Miyakonojō Town, North Morokata District | – January 1, 2006 |
– Technically: Miyakonojō City (new) |
– | |
96 | Ōita | Beppu | April 1, 1924 | Beppu Town, Hayami District | – | – | – | |
97 | Kanagawa | Kawasaki | July 1, 1924 | 2 Towns & 1 Village in Tachibana District (Kawasaki T., Miyuki V., Daishi T.) |
– | – | Designated major city since 1972 | |
98 | Fukushima | Kōriyama | September 1, 1924 | Kōriyama T. & Koharada V., Asaka District | – | – | Core city since 1997 | |
99 | Fukuoka | Tobata | September 1, 1924 | Tobata Town, Onga District | February 10, 1963 | Kitakyūshū City | – | |
100 | Yamagata | Tsuruoka | October 1, 1924 | Tsuruoka Town, West Tagawa District | – October 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Tsuruoka City (new) |
– | |
101 | Hyōgo | Nishinomiya | April 1, 1925 | Nishinomiya Town, Muko District | – | – | Core city since 2008 | |
102 | Tottori | Yonago | April 1, 1927 | Yonago Town, Saihaku District | – March 31, 2005 |
– Technically: Yonago City (new) |
– | |
103 | Okayama | Kurashiki | April 1, 1928 | Kurashiki Town, Tsukubo District | – February 1, 1967 |
– Technically: Kurashiki City (new) |
Core city since 2002 | |
104 | Okayama | Tsuyama | February 22, 1929 | 2 T.s & 3 V.s from Tomata & 1 V. from Kume (Tsuyama T., Tsuyama E. T., W. Tomada V., Ninomiya V., Innoshō V., Fukuoka V.) |
– | – | – | |
105 | Yamaguchi | Yamaguchi | April 1, 1928 | Yamaguchi Town & Yoshiki Village, Yoshiki District | – October 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Yamaguchi City (new) |
– | |
106 | Ōita | Nakatsu | April 1, 1928 | Nakatsu Town, Shimoge District | – | – | – | |
107 | Aomori | Hachinohe | May 1, 1929 | 3 Towns & 1 Village from Sannohe District (Hachinohe T., Konakano T., Minato T., Same V.) |
– | – | Special case city from 2001 Core city since 2017 | |
108 | Kyoto | Fushimi | May 1, 1929 | Fushimi Town, Kii District | April 1, 1931 | Kyoto City | – | |
109 | Aichi | Seto | October 1, 1929 | Seto Town, East Kasugai District | – | – | – | |
110 | Fukuoka | Nōgata | January 1, 1931 | Nōgata Town, Kurate District | – | – | – | |
111 | Saga | Karatsu | January 1, 1932 | Karatsu Town, East Matsuura District | – January 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Karatsu City (new) |
– | |
112 | Fukuoka | Iizuka | January 20, 1932 | Iizuka Town, Kaho District | – March 26, 2006 |
– Technically: Iizuka City (new) |
– | |
113 | Kanagawa | Hiratsuka | April 1, 1932 | Hiratsuka Town, Naka District | – | – | Special case city since 2001 | |
114 | Yamaguchi | Hagi | July 1, 1932 | Hagi Town, Abu District | – March 6, 2005 |
– Technically: Hagi City (new) |
– | |
117 | Mie | Matsuaka | February 1, 1933 | Matsusaka Town, Iinan District | – January 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Matsusaka City (new) |
– | |
115 | Chiba | Chōshi | February 11, 1933 | 3 T.s & 1 V. from Kaijō District (Chōshi T., Moto-Chōshi T., W. Chōshi T., Toyooka V.) |
– | – | – | |
118 | Miyazaki | Nobeoka | February 11, 1933 | Nobeoka Town, East Usuki District | – | – | – | |
116 | Hokkai[-dō] | Obihiro | April 1, 1933 | Obihiro Town, Kasai District | – | – | – | |
119 | Yamagata | Sakata | April 1, 1933 | Sakata Town, Akumi District | – January 1, 2006 |
– Technically: Sakata City (new) |
– | |
120 | Saitama | Kumagaya | April 1, 1933 | Kumagaya Town, Ōsato District | – October 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Kumagaya City (new) |
Special case city since 2009 | |
121 | Saitama | Kawaguchi | April 1, 1933 | 1 T. & 3 V.s from N. Adachi District (Kawaguchi T., Yokozone V., Aoki V., S. Hirayanagi V. |
– | – | Special case city since 2001 | |
122 | Miyagi | Ishinomaki | April 1, 1933 | Ishinomaki Town, Oshika District | – April 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Ishinomaki City (new) |
– | |
123 | Wakayama | Shingū | October 1, 1933 | Shingū T. & Miwasaki T., E. Muro District | – October 1, 2005 |
– Technically: Shingū City (new) |
– | |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
891 | Fukuoka | Nakagawa | October 1, 2018 | Nakagawa T., Chikushi District | – | – | – |
Maintenance.temp
[edit]Abbr.s in this sect.:
- P.=Prefecture (-to/-dō/-fu/-ken; all periods, i.e. incl. the -dō during the Empire because its subdivisions already became the same as in other P.s before WWII!)
- D.=District (-gun)
- U.D.=Urban District (1878–89 -ku, also Hokkai & Okinawa P.s' -ku/cities after that)
- C.=City (-shi)
- T.=Town (1889– -chō/-machi; obviously only where this is the suffix of a municipality, not where it is part of the name of a neighbourhood/part of a municipality, although both were historically the same thing)
- V.=Village (1889– -son/-mura)
- S.W.=Special ward ([tokubetsu]-ku)
- W.=Ward (1889– -ku)
Ambiguities
[edit]- Hiyoshi V., Kitauwa D., Ehime P. (Hiyoshi, Ehime→Hiyoshi, Kitauwa, Ehime? ja:日吉村 (愛媛県北宇和郡)) vs. Hiyoshi V., Ochi D., Ehime P. (Hiyoshi, Ochi, Ehime; ja:日吉村 (愛媛県越智郡))
Trivia
[edit]- Miyazaki became the last P. to contain its first C. in 1924.
- Saitama was the last P. to have a T. as capital. (Urawa T., North Adachi D. only became Urawa C. in 1934)
External links
[edit]- http://www.tt.rim.or.jp/~ishato/tiri/cities/c-1889.htm
- MIC: List of designated major cities List of core cities, List of effective special case cities (shikōji tokurei-shi, "special case cities at time of enforcement" – the legal status of special case cities was formally abolished in 2005 and is to be replaced with the core city system)