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Hummingbirds are small birds in the family Trochilidae in the order Apodiformes.[1] Among all birds, male hummingbirds have the widest diversity of plumage color, particularly in blues, greens, and purples. Hummingbirds are the smallest mature birds, measuring 7.5–13 cm (3–5 in) in length.[2] The smallest is the 5 cm (2.0 in) bee hummingbird, which weighs less than 2.0 g (0.07 oz), and the largest is the 23 cm (9.1 in) giant hummingbird, weighing 18–24 grams (0.63–0.85 oz). Noted for their long beaks, hummingbirds are specialized for feeding on flower nectar, but all species also consume small insects.

There are currently 366 extant species of hummingbirds recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union.[1]

Conventions

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Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the collective range of species in that genera is provided. Ranges are based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species unless otherwise noted. All extinct genera or species listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

This list follows the taxonomic treatment (designation and order of species) and nomenclature (scientific and common names) of version 13.2 of the IOC World Bird List.[1] Where the taxonomy proposed by the IOC World Bird List conflicts with the taxonomy followed by the IUCN[a] or the 2023 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World,[4] the disagreement is noted next to the species's common name (for nomenclatural disagreements) or scientific name (for taxonomic disagreements).

Classification

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The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) recognizes 366 species of hummingbirds in 113 genera.[1] This list does not include hybrid species, extinct prehistoric species, or putative species not yet accepted by the IOU.

Family Trochilidae

Trochilidae

Florisuginae – topazes

Phaethornithinae – hermits

Polytminae – mangoes

Lesbiinae

Heliantheini – brilliants

Lesbiini – coquettes

Patagoninae – giant hummingbird

Trochilinae

Lampornithini – mountain gems

Mellisugini – bees

Trochilini – emeralds

Hummingbirds

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Subfamily Florisuginae

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Subfamily FlorisuginaeBonaparte, 1853 – two genera
Name Authority and species Range
Topaza
(Topaz)

Linnaeus, 1758

Two species
South America
Florisuga
(Jacobin)

Linnaeus, 1758

Two species
South and Central America


Subfamily Phaethornithinae

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Subfamily PhaethornithinaeJardine, 1833 – six genera
Name Authority and species Range
Eutoxeres
(Sicklebill)

Bourcier, 1847

Two species
South and Central America
Ramphodon

Lesson, 1830

One species
Southeastern Brazil
Glaucis

Boie, F., 1831

Three species
South and Central America
Threnetes
(Barbthroat)

Gould, 1852

Three species
South and Central America
Anopetia

Simon, 1918

One species
Eastern Brazil
Phaethornis

Swainson, 1827

Twenty-seven species
South and Central America


Subfamily Polytminae

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Subfamily PolytminaeReichenbach, 1849 – twelve genera
Name Authority and species Range
Doryfera
(Lancebill)

Gould, 1847

Two species
South and Central America
Schistes
(Daggerbill)

Gould, 1852

Two species
South America
Augastes
(Visorbearer)

Gould, 1849

Two species
Brazil
Colibri
(Violetear)

Spix, 1824

Five species
South and Central America
Androdon

Gould, 1863

One species
South and Central America
Heliactin

Boie, F, 1831

One species
South America
Heliothryx

Boie, F, 1831

Two species
South and Central America
Polytmus
(Goldenthroat)

Brisson, 1760

Three species
South America
Avocettula

Reichenbach, 1849

One species
South America
Chrysolampis

Boie, F, 1831

One species
South America
Anthracothorax
(Mango)

Boie, F, 1831

Eight species
South America, Central America, and the Caribbean
Eulampis
(Carib)

Boie, F, 1831

Two species
Puerto Rico and the Lesser Antilles


Subfamily Lesbiinae

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Tribe Heliantheini

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Tribe HeliantheiniReichenbach, 1854 – fourteen genera
Name Authority and species Range


Tribe Lesbiini

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Tribe LesbiiniReichenbach, 1854 – eighteen genera
Name Authority and species Range
Heliangelus
(Sunangel)

Gould, 1848

Nine species
South America
Sephanoides
(Firecrown)

Gray, GR, 1840

Two species
Southern South America
Discosura
(Thorntail)

Bonaparte, 1850

Five species
South and Central America
Lophornis
(Coquette)

Lesson, RP, 1829

Eleven species
South and Central America


Subfamily Patagoninae

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Subfamily PatagoninaePascual and Carlini, 1987 – one genus
Name Authority and species Range


Subfamily Trochilinae

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Tribe Lampornithini

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Tribe LampornithiniJardine, 1833 – seven genera
Name Authority and species Range


Tribe Mellisugini

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Tribe MellisuginiReichenbach, 1854 – sixteen genera
Name Authority and species Range


Tribe Trochilini

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Tribe TrochiliniVigors, 1825 – thirty-six genera
Name Authority and species Range


Notes

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  1. ^ The IUCN follows the taxonomy proposed by the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist.[3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (July 2023). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  2. ^ Venable, G.X.; Gahm, K.; Prum, R.O. (June 2022). "Hummingbird plumage color diversity exceeds the known gamut of all other birds". Communications Biology. 5 (1): 576. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03518-2. PMC 9226176. PMID 35739263.
  3. ^ "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7". HBW and BirdLife International. 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  4. ^ Clements, James F.; Rasmussen, P. C.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, Denis; Billerman, S. M.; Sullivan, B. L.; Wood, C. L. (2023). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2023". Clements Checklist. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
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